Concept Of Collective Intelligence Research Articles

Power Through Things: Following Traces of Collective Intelligence in Internet of Things

Purpose – it is becoming increasingly difficult to ignore the input Internet of Things (IoT) has to offer in development of public, business and other societal structures. Therefore, paper seeks to determine the current state of knowledge in the field of IoT terms of wisdom creation and emergence of collective intelligence. First, we discuss concept of collective intelligence, then we define phenomena of IoT and identify areas of its application. Later, the author reviews how intelligent outputs of IoT are defined in scientific literature. These findings of theoretical investigation may shed some light on research field that is promising but still very vague. Design/methodology/approach – this article provides a general overview of IoT concept and its growing relation to collective intelligence. Methods of document analysis and content analysis were applied. Theoretical analysis enabled recognition of IoT phenomena in relation to wisdom creation and emergence of collective intelligence. Findings – general overview of the field revealed that new understanding of collective intelligence surfaces. Often intelligent behavior and decisions emerge from ever increasing cooperation between ‘things’ and humans. The variety of new concepts and authors trying to describe relationship of ‘things’ with each other and humans when creating intelligent outcomes revealed that this field is still in its very infancy and still needs considerable amount of industry and scientific efforts to be understood and executed. Research limitations – although the paper has successfully demonstrated that IoT provides vast amounts of data for people to process and create knowledge this could be considered only as initial phase in studying the field. IoT and its intelligent outcomes need more investigations in terms of real life case studies and industry reviews in order to create valid definitions, models and future guidelines. Practical implications – this study provides an exciting opportunity to advance our knowledge of Internet of Things and could be used as theoretical background for further analysis of emergence of collective intelligence in interactive networks of people and things. Value – to date there has been little research summarizing scientific efforts in the field of IoT. This paper provides general overview of the knowledge on IoT and could be used as guidelines for further research. Keywords: Internet of Things, Collective Intelligence, Wisdom. Research type: General overview.

The Impact of Collective Intelligence on the Fraud Brainstorming Effectiveness of Traditional and Virtual Audit Teams

Emerging research in psychology shows that collective intelligence, which captures the general ability of a group to perform a wide variety of tasks, is a strong predictor of group performance. I introduce the concept of collective intelligence to the auditing literature, and conduct an experiment to study its effect on fraud brainstorming effectiveness. I employ a between-subjects design in which 41 audit brainstorming groups, comprising 152 upper-level accounting students, are assigned to either an electronic or a face-to-face group condition. I hypothesize and find that collective intelligence predicts fraud brainstorming effectiveness overall, and that electronic groups are more effective than face-to-face groups. Neither average member intelligence nor maximum member intelligence is predictive of brainstorming effectiveness. I also find that high collective intelligence improves the brainstorming performance of electronic groups more than that of face-to-face groups, in line with expectations. Supplementary analysis of vocal, non-verbal interactions within groups indicates that speaking turn variance, as measured by wearable electronic sensors, is negatively correlated with both collective intelligence and fraud brainstorming effectiveness. These results imply that process losses associated with face-to-face brainstorming attenuate the countervailing beneficial impact of high collective intelligence, such that net process gains are less than those realized by electronic brainstorming groups. The results also suggest that higher performing brainstorming groups consist of members that participate more equally in group conversations and that are better at reading social signals, as compared to members of less effective groups.

How Useful and Possible Collective Intelligence Technologies Are in Programming of Public Sector's Decisions?

Purpose – to explore the essence of concepts of collective intelligence and collective intelligence technologies and to analyze their adaption possibilities in programming public sector’s decisions. Design/methodology/approach – review of previous researches and systemic analysis of their findings in the field of intelligence generated by many and collective intelligence technologies is executed. Also, review of collective intelligence technologies and empirical research (qualitative analysis of expert statements) are employed. Finally, synthesis of study results into system of possibilities for adaption of existing collective intelligence technologies in programming public sector’s decisions is done. Findings – collective intelligence concept is explored in depth. Collective intelligence technologies are overviewed and a course line for adaption in programming public sector’s decisions is presented. Differences between ministries and municipalities in comprehending decisions’ structure are presented. Decision characteristics for programming are given in relation to case appropriate social technologies. Research limitations/implications – references used for the analysis on intelligence generated by many and collective intelligences technologies are not an exhaustive list within the field. Accomplished empirical research leans only upon analyses of Lithuanian experts. No technical insights into the technologies of collective intelligence are made. Practical implications – findings of the paper provide suggestions for improving strategy of decision making process in public sector, due to which efficient model for participation of citizens (and residents) is possible. Originality/value – the systemic analysis of concepts of collective intelligence and collective intelligence technologies and their adaption possibilities in public sector’s decisions is presented. A new viewpoint is given to means of citizens (and residents) participation in public matters. Programming of Lithuania’s public sector’s decisions is analyzed. Research type: research paper.

Harnessing collective intelligence in social tagging using Delicious

A new collaborative approach in information organization and sharing has recently arisen, known as collaborative tagging or social indexing. A key element of collaborative tagging is the concept of collective intelligence (CI), which is a shared intelligence among all participants. This research investigates the phenomenon of social tagging in the context of CI with the aim to serve as a stepping‐stone towards the mining of truly valuable social tags for web resources. This study focuses on assessing and evaluating the degree of CI embedded in social tagging over time in terms of two‐parameter values, number of participants, and top frequency ranking window. Five different metrics were adopted and utilized for assessing the similarity between ranking lists: overlapList, overlapRank, Footrule, Fagin's measure, and the Inverse Rank measure. The result of this study demonstrates that a substantial degree of CI is most likely to be achieved when somewhere between the first 200 and 400 people have participated in tagging, and that a target degree of CI can be projected by controlling the two factors along with the selection of a similarity metric. The study also tests some experimental conditions for detecting social tags with high CI degree. The results of this study can be applicable to the study of filtering social tags based on CI; filtered social tags may be utilized for the metadata creation of tagged resources and possibly for the retrieval of tagged resources.

As contribuições relativas ao uso de eventos/fóruns para constituição de comunidades de práticas e expressão da inteligência coletiva: o caso do Bibliocontas

Reflete sobre as Comunidades de Prática (CoPs), na perspectiva do conceito de Inteligência Coletiva de Pierre Lèvy. Descreve o ponto de vista de Lèvy, procurando estabelecer um diálogo como conceito de CoPs, criado por Etienne Wenger. Aponta os elementos encontrados nos fóruns virtuais e presenciais realizados pelo do Grupo Bibliocontas, (grupo formado por profissionais da informação que atuam nos Tribunais de Contas brasileiros), que podem contribuir para constituição de uma comunidade de prática. Verifica que os eventos/fóruns são canais integradores para efetivação de uma comunidade de prática, cujo resultado propicia a transformação das pessoas, a formação de identidades e a negociação de significados do fazer profissional. Observa que a construção coletiva de conhecimentos tem sido materializada na forma de diretrizes e ações, que foram ou estão para serem concretizadas pelas instituições dos participantes do grupo em questão, além do resultado da análise dos dados quantitativos, que indica um crescimento constante de troca de mensagens em ambiente virtual e aumento do número de participantes no grupo.

Inteligência coletiva: o ciberespaço como retrato da sociedade ou uma discussão da ética da estética

O presente artigo faz uma análise, a partir do conceito de Inteligência Coletiva de Lévy, do ciberespaço como um retrato da sociedade, discutindo as novas socialidades e vivências mediadas pelas tecnologias. Além disso, agrega uma discussão teórica sobre a essência da técnica e possíveis mudanças de posicionamento ético e moral, aliada, também, à categoria de visibilidade a partir da proposta de Sociedade do Espetáculo de Guy Debord.

How to Design the Infosphere: the Fourth Revolution, the Management of the Life Cycle of Information, and Information Ethics as a Macroethics

The paper reconstructs the read thread that links the information revolution, the information concept and information ethics in Floridi’s philosophy of information. In doing so, it acknowledges the grand attempt but doubts whether this attempt is up to the state of affairs concerning the actual point human history has reached. It contends that the information age is rather conceivable as a critical stage in which human evolution as a whole is at stake. The mastering of this crisis depends on an appropriate shaping of Information and Communication Technologies which requires ethical considerations. In this respect, Floridi’s notion of the fourth revolution, his assumption of the management of the life cycle of information, and his ontocentric macroethics will be discussed in the light of the term “scientific-technological revolution”, the idea of a noogenesis, a new way of thinking and new weltanschauung, the concept of friction in social and physical aspects, the concept of collective intelligence and its application to the Internet and last, but not least, the vision of a Global Sustainable Information Society.

PLEM: a Web 2.0 driven Long Tail aggregator and filter for e‐learning

PurposeThe personal learning environment driven approach to learning suggests a shift in emphasis from a teacher‐driven knowledge‐push to a learner‐driven knowledge‐pull learning model. One concern with knowledge‐pull approaches is knowledge overload. The concepts of collective intelligence and the Long Tail provide a potential solution to help learners cope with the problem of knowledge overload. The paper aims to address these issues.Design/methodology/approachBased on these concepts, the paper proposes a filtering mechanism that taps the collective intelligence to help learners find quality in the Long Tail, thus overcoming the problem of knowledge overload.FindingsThe paper presents theoretical, design, and implementation details of PLEM, a Web 2.0 driven service for personal learning management, which acts as a Long Tail aggregator and filter for learning.Originality/valueThe primary aim of PLEM is to harness the collective intelligence and leverage social filtering methods to rank and recommend learning entities.

Designing for collective intelligence

A collective intelligence application is one that harnesses the knowledge and work of its users to provide the data for the application and to improve its usefulness. The most hyped examples of collective intelligence applications have been labeled as "Web 2.0" applications. Web 2.0 is an amorphous term used to define a computing paradigm that uses the Web as the application platform and facilitates collaboration and information sharing between users. Classic examples of Web 2.0 applications include: wikis, blogs (or Weblogs), social network services, and social bookmarking. Collective intelligence is not a new concept. As long ago as 1968, computer visionaries foresaw the ability of computers to be applied to cooperation in creative endeavors by allowing people capable of solving specific problems to share their ideas. However, collective intelligence has been gaining momentum as new tools supporting collaboration have become available. The concept of collective intelligence is now being explored by businesses interested in using it for collaborative innovation and by researchers interested in addressing systemic problems like climate change. Collective intelligence is a fundamentally different way of viewing how applications can support human interaction and decision making. Most traditional applications have focused in improving the productivity or decision making of the individual user. The emphasis has been on providing the tools and data necessary to fulfill a specific job function. Under the collective intelligence paradigm, the focus is on harnessing the intelligence of groups of people to enable greater productivity and better decisions than are possible by individuals working in isolation. The shift to a collective intelligence paradigm requires software developers to have different ways of thinking about how their how software might be used and what features would enable better visualization and use of information among groups of people. The new breed of collective intelligence applications needs to center around user defined data that can be reused to support decision making, team building, or to improve understanding of the world around us. The users of these systems should play a central role in defining what data is important and how the data is used. The essential features of collective intelligence applications are similar to the design patterns for Web 2.0 applications except that collective intelligence applications can be custom applications designed for small highly specialized domains instead of the larger Web audience served by most Web 2.0 applications. The seven principle collective intelligence application requirements are (adapted from O'Reilly): 1. Task specific representations: Domain specific collective intelligence applications should support views of the task that are tailored to the particular domain. 2. Data is the key: Collective intelligence applications are data centric and should be designed to collect and share data among users. 3. Users add value: Users of collective intelligence applications know the most about the value of the information it contains. The application should provide mechanisms for them to add to, modify, or otherwise enhance the data to improve its usefulness. 4. Facilitate data aggregation: The ability to aggregate data adds value. Collective intelligence applications should be designed such that data aggregation occurs naturally through regular use. 5. Facilitate data access: The data in collective intelligence applications can have use beyond the boundaries of the application. Collective intelligence applications should offer Web services interfaces and other mechanisms to facilitate the re-use of data. 6. Facilitate access for all devices: The PC is no longer the only access device for internet applications. Collective intelligence applications need to be designed to integrate services across handheld devices, PCs, and internet servers. 7. The perpetual beta: Collective intelligence applications are ongoing services provided to its users thus new features should be added on a regular basis based on the changing needs of the user community. The processes involved in designing and implementing specialized collective intelligence applications are discussed below in the context of DDtrac, a Web-based application that allows for the easy collection and summary of special education data.

Inteligência Coletiva: comunicação, capitalismo cognitivo e micropolítica

Os processos de colaboração estão presentes por toda a parte em nossa sociedade. Na esfera da comunicação as redes digitais popularizaram as ações colaborativas, sendo o fenômeno das comunidades virtuais seu fato mais marcante. Já no âmbito do trabalho imaterial, vamos encontrar um forte apelo às redes de colaboração, que tornou-se um refrão ecoando por todo o mundo organizacional. Há mais de uma década o conceito de inteligência coletiva passou a ser sinônimo dessa noção de colaboração, tanto na comunicação quanto no campo do trabalho. Mas será que o conceito se esgota aí? O presente artigo resulta de uma reflexão sobre essas dimensões do conceito de inteligência coletiva e da abertura a uma nova dimensão, a micropolítica, onde ele passa a ser entendido como resistência aos processos de alienação do capitalismo cognitivo.

Collective intelligence: a keystone in knowledge management

PurposeThe purpose of this article is to provide a new paradigm and a practical model whereby knowledge management may reunify the founding principles of knowledge with business challenges in organizations, such as innovation or yet customer's needs.Design/methodology/approachThe new paradigm revolves around the concept of collective intelligence. It is broken down into three blocks, each of which constitutes an aspect that needs to be taken into account while addressing a business challenge. In each case presented, these aspects have been exemplified, so as to show how they participate to the problem solving process.FindingsThe paper provides practical methods. The paper also provides information about how the approach can be applied in a great variety of domains, such as electrical engineering, health care or yet information technology.Research limitations/implicationsOpens a new field of reflection whereby the organization's knowledge, seen as representing its uniqueness, internal coherence and ability to solve everyday problems, can play a strategic role. Also, it is a reference for co‐innovation between partners, as the reciprocal integration between two sources of knowledge may be seen as a co‐adaptation between the organization's value chain and the partner's one.Practical implicationsConstitutes a real potential to develop a variety of new approaches in knowledge management, based on the concept of collective intelligence.Originality/valueThe paper brings together issues that are usually dealt with in separate domains, such as customer relationships, analysis of competencies and know how or yet innovation processes and value chains.

Cognitive habitus and collective intelligence: concepts for the explanation of inequality of educational opportunity

‘Intelligence’ has long been a problematic concept for educational policy‐makers. Sociologists of education concerned to explain social inequalities in educational attainment have suggested that, despite the through‐going criticism of the classical IQ concept, teachers continue to maintain practices which ensure that their taken‐for‐granted ideas about the social distribution of ‘ability’ are realized in patterns of school attainment. The debate has seen the reintroduction of Dewey’s concept of collective intelligence. The argument presented accepts that this pragmatic idea may have a contribution to make in the struggle to replace the established individual reference of classical IQ theory, but argues that there may be something no less important to be gained for radical interests in education from the realist concept of cognitive habitus. The case is made for this thesis, by means of an investigation necessarily concerned with the conceptual clarification of certain key terms, with reference to the guiding thought of Dewey and Bourdieu. The focus is on the concepts necessary for the construction of a coherent theory of the explanation of social disparities in education that attempts to incoporate reference to the effects of cognitive socialization on inequality of educational opportunity.

Concept of collective intelligence.

Concept of collective intelligence.