Concept Of Authenticity Research Articles

'I sound different, I look different, I am different': Protecting and promoting the sense of authenticity of ethnically minoritised medical students.

Being authentic can improve students' well-being and enhance the medical student-patient communication and patient safety. However, the underrepresentation of ethnically minoritised students in medical education can result in identity suppression, interfering with students' ability to succeed academically and professionally. We conducted interviews with 20 ethnically minoritised medical students, which were analysed thematically, to explore the following: What facilitates and prevents students from being their authentic self during medical school? What learning and teaching strategies can enable students to be or become their authentic self? Experiences of discrimination, microaggressions and/or racism were the main barriers to authenticity, leading to fear of being discriminated again if students expressed their true self. Lack of diversity, cultural awareness and staff representation were also fundamental barriers. Being authentic was often perceived as contradictory to being professional and a risk that could damage students' reputation. However, when students could express their true self, they felt happier, safer and developed a stronger sense of belonging. To enhance authenticity, students need to see better staff representation, role models they can relate and aspire to, such as Black professors. Equity/Diversity/Inclusion/Belonging (EDIB) training needs to become embedded throughout the curriculum and be delivered by facilitators with lived experiences. Other strategies to promote students' authenticity included mentoring, better signposting to complaints procedure and well-being resources and implementation of 'zero tolerance' policies. To our knowledge, this is one of the first studies on the concept of authenticity in medical education and the first study focusing on ethnically minoritised students.

Management of Innovative Development of the Regional Industrial Complex: Theoretical Aspect

Relevance. Innovative development is currently an integral part of any organization, city, country and the world as a whole. Innovative development determines the potential and ability to achieve a goal through the use of new technologies The modern world is a dynamic system at the stage of globalization associated with the expansion of international integration and the creation of regional integration associations. The modern economic paradigm, as the main instrument of systems, is exposed to the danger of wasteful consumption of resources caused by market competition. The concept of sustainable development of socio-economic systems is a new paradigm, the main content of which is a global unregulated economy and the need to find comprehensive solutions to achieve the goals of social, economic and environmental development. Thus, managing the innovative development of the regional industrial complex is a pressing issue, the study of which should begin with consideration of theoretical aspects. The purpose of the study is to study the theoretical aspects of managing the innovative development of the regional industrial complex. The objectives of the scientific article are to reflect the research ideas of Russian and foreign authors regarding the basic concepts that reveal the topic of research, such as “innovative development”, “industrial complex”; approaches to the composition of the structure of the industrial complex of the region are considered. Methodology. The research methodology includes the use of methods of comparative analysis of the points of view of scientists of Russian and foreign science, analysis and synthesis. The results of the study are presented by a comparative analysis of theoretical views on the main scientific categories of management of innovative development of the regional industrial complex, such as “innovative development”, “industrial complex”, the structure of the regional industrial complex. Conclusions. A theoretical study of managing the innovative development of the industrial complex of the region was carried out in the context of a discussion between representatives of Russian and foreign science, substantiating the author's concept of managing the innovative development of the industrial complex of the region.

Key Concepts in Advertising: Authenticity

Abstract: Drawing from his 2023 book The Authenticity Industries: Keeping It "Real" in Media, Culture, and Politics (Stanford University Press), Michael Serazio meets with fellow scholars Jefferson Pooley and Edward Timke to dissect and historicize the concept of authenticity across American culture. They explore three key dimensions of authenticity: personal genuineness, the impact of capitalism, and the quest for uniqueness. The dialogue further ventures into authenticity's role in media, branding, and the evolving discourse on "selling out," suggesting a gradual shift towards acceptance of commercial motives among younger people. They propose critiquing authenticity's potential in consumer culture and political branding and call for reflections on what constitutes authentic connections in an increasingly digital world. The conversation sheds light on the complexities and significance of authenticity in contemporary society, especially as various industries use it to sell and persuade.

Feelings of (in)Authenticity in Social Work – A Potential Guide for Ethical Practice?

ABSTRACT At the heart of this article lies the unique question of whether feelings of (in)authenticity can act as a resource for ethical social work practice. In adopting an affirmative position, I posit that emotional labour is traceable to feeling inauthentic and that for social workers possessing a virtuous sensibility such feelings represent sites of ethical struggle. For workers who are reflectively alert to their sense of self I argue that these feelings become ethical markers for practice, offering guidance for that which is ethically just. Within this debate, the idea of virtue as being morally good is framed around an interpretation that sees it as supportive of social justice. The article thus concludes that the deliberation of feelings – of being (in)authentic – can act as a disruptive prompt for practice that could prove unjust or oppressive. Within this original discussion, conceptions of authenticity, emotional work and virtue are critically explored in relation to the self.

Authenticity: Conceptual Analysis and Relevance in the Indian Sociocultural Context

This article attempts to understand the concept of psychological authenticity, identifies gaps in the literature, and emphasizes its significance in the Indian context. Studies on authenticity in global and Indian contexts were reviewed for this purpose and the multifacetedness of the concept was specifically highlighted. A comparison of Indian and Western accounts of authenticity shows that Indian researchers are more prescriptive while defining the authentic self than their Western counterparts, who have provided descriptive accounts of authenticity. Sociocultural factors impact authenticity, but whether they enrich or hinder authenticity across contexts is unclear. Factors such as fear of negative evaluation or the need for belongingness are expected to impact the expression of authenticity at the behavioral level in the unique sociocultural context of India. Considering context-specific factors, the process of becoming authentic is more central to understanding authenticity than perceiving it as an end state of being. This discussion shows that authenticity as a construct is yet to be adequately explored globally, as well as in the Indian sociocultural context. Future research on authenticity holds great promise in areas related to mental health and personality.

Russian-Ukrainian Relations in the Historical Context of the Formation of Sovereign Ukrainian Statehood

Introduction. The article is devoted to the analy- sis of historical factors, features and political and legal patterns of the formation of modern Ukrainian statehood, taking into account the difficult and constantly escalating Russian-Ukrainian relations, the growing Ukrainian nationalist radicalism, Russophobia and neo-Nazism, the formation of the state of a rigidly pro-Western-oriented regime of government. Special emphasis is placed on the problems of dynamically increasing difficulties in preserving and strengthening state sovereignty, ensuring financial, economic and military-political independence of the country, difficulties and prospects for implementing the European choice strategy in Ukrainian.Methodology and methods. dialectical-ma- terialistic model of research; principles of scientific, historicism and objectivity; methods of retrospection and comparison, analysis and synthesis, mental mod- eling, ascent from the abstract to the concrete.The results of the study. In the leading posi- tions of the presented research, the political and legal problems of destabilizing and disintegrating processes in the conditions of radicalization of the ruling Ukrainian regime of anti-Russian orientation, taking into account the historically difficult dialectics of the development of intra-national and interstate issues. In a comparative cross-country context, the features of the concept of building Ukrainian statehood as an- ti-Russia are analyzed, the author's concept of turning Ukraine into an instrument of Western forces in the fight against Russia, into a mercenary state and a springboard for military-ideological struggle with the Russian world in order to inflict strategic defeat on it is presented.Discussion and conclusion. Using the example of the difficult Ukrainian experience of post–Soviet state-building, the validity of the fact that the policy of the modern West is a policy of gross violation of international law, a policy of hegemonism and striving for world domination with the help of allied countries and at the expense of satellite countries and the enslavement of mercenaries is substantiated. Hence the gross interference in the internal affairs of other countries and peoples, direct interventions, the export of corruption, the imposition of morals of meanness, hostility and destruction, the unleashing of interstate, interethnic and interfaith conflicts, the policy of lies and provocations. Some judgments are formulated concerning the complex and far from un- ambiguously interpreted problems of state-building in the post-Soviet space in accordance with the ideals and values of a true democratic, legal, social, secular state.

Developing a Research Design based on the distinction of History from the Social Sciences

The issues of methodology are mainly associated with the concept of authenticity and verification of knowledge which is a key element of epistemology. Since antiquity, various solutions have been proposed and methods were evolved in order to ensure accuracy and truthfulness of the knowledge gained. As far as history was concerned, its methods were evolved in its own epistemological framework in ancient and medieval times. However after the development of philosophy of science in the west, the discipline of history had to face severe methodological crisis. Some major philosophers of history after an evolutionary process rejected the methods of sciences; however the discipline is still somehow related with the social sciences. The present research argues that history is even different, ancient and unique from the social sciences. Thus the methods of research in history are entirely different and building a research design in history is a completely different task. The present research has evaluated the evolution of development of methods in the social sciences as well as in history in order to draw a distinction of social sciences from history. The study further proposed a historical research design which is based on the traditional methods of research in history; and which also ensures maximum authenticity by using tools of reliability. The study will help the historians to highlight the actual methodological nature of their discipline and to justify the claims of their researches as authentic and different from the rest of the social sciences at the same time. 

Индивидуализация субъектов частного права при совершении юридически значимых действий в цифровой среде

Confirmation of the authenticity of legally significant actions performed in the digital environment by persons participating in private legal relations is carried out through authentication. The article formulates the concept of authentication as a way of individualizing subjects of private law in the digital environment, reveals its features, and considers the factors by which authentication is carried out. The author analyzed reliable, conditionally reliable, legal and dispositive methods of confirming the authenticity of actions of subjects of private law performed in the digital environment.

New concept of etiopathogenesis and treatment of primary open-angle glaucoma

Primary open-angle glaucoma (POAG) is one of the main causes of irreversible blindness. There is no single theory of POAG development. The trigger of the disease is unknown. Treatment is ineffective. The author's concept: the trigger of the glaucomatous process is a genetically programmed small distance between the ciliary body and the lens equator (less than the age-related norm) in the presbyopic period of life. This causes weakness of accommodation and triggers further pathological changes in the eye. For proof of concept, large-scale studies of the anterior segment of the eye (ultrasound biomicroscopy) should be performed in presbyopes with ophthalmic hypertension, with and without POAG, with measurement of the distance "ciliary body - lens equator". Objective acomodometry is also necessary to determine the volume of accommodation in the above patients. In case of confirmation of the author's concept, a 3-component phased treatment of POAG is proposed: 1. Surgical expansion of the ciliary body ring (scleral thinning) - non-penetrating supraciliary sclerectomy or application of antimetabolites to the supraciliary sclera; 2. Phaco emulsification of the lens with implantation of an IOL model that maximizes the volume of pseudo - accommodation; 3. antiglaucomatous microinvasive surgery.

“That’s what makes me authentic, because what we domakes sense” – Music professionals’ experiences of authenticity: A phenomenological, hermeneutical interview study

Within music education, music therapy, and music performance theory, various perspectives on the concept of authenticity have been discussed and investigated. Authenticity seems to be a concept with wide possibilities for application and likewise wide definitional borders, which makes it hard to investigate. Drawing on the knowledge and framework developed by Bøtker and Jacobsen (2023), we wish to continue the investigation of authenticity within three music professions from a practice-based perspective. For this study, music therapists, music educators, and music performers (six participants) were interviewed twice about their experiences of their own authenticity when facilitating musical activities with children and adults (parents or teachers). The interviews were transcribed and analysed using a thematic coding analysis: deductively using the conceptual framework by Bøtker and Jacobsen as well as inductively by looking for new emerging themes across these three professions. The findings confirm the conceptual framework but also suggest an expansion, adding the element of ‘Values’. The new framework consists of six elements that all pertain to the experience of authenticity: relationship, role, context, professionalism, personality, and values. Furthermore, another theme appeared through the inductive analysis – ‘floating-anchoring’ – describing and synthesising the connection between the reflective and the sensorial awareness that supplement each other in the experience of authenticity within these three music professions. This floating-anchoring synthesis is suggested as a relevant framework for training and education within the three music professions.

Discussion of So-Called “Architectural Heritage DNA” via a Case Study of the Conservation of the Nara Palace Site, Japan

This study introduces a brief history of the discovery of and conservation efforts to preserve the Nara Palace Site in Japan, which brought about the recognition of this heritage site as a World Cultural Heritage location by UNESCO in 1996. Accordingly, the 1994 Nara Document on Authenticity plays an important role in contributing to Japanese cultural heritage conservation achievements, with the expansion of cultural diversity and heritage diversity and the concepts of values and authenticity, which proposed a new orientation in terms of awareness and openness to develop a broader vision when identifying architectural heritage values. Against this background, we first discuss the newly proposed concept of so-called “architectural heritage DNA” and its potential structure, providing a simple formula for appraising the authentic values of architectural heritage conservation works. Working within conservation theory, besides the doctrinal study of the 1994 Nara Document on Authenticity, this study also focuses on other important international conventions, such as the 1964 Venice Charter and the 1999 Burra Charter, to clarify the concepts of conservation, restoration, and reconstruction, adding the concept of inheritance between conservation and development, which addresses the lack of international conventions regarding cultural heritage conservation. The viewpoints expressed in this paper are based on the most common concepts of these international conventions but are interpreted in a novel, understandable, practical, and highly applicable approach suited to both the current socio-political situation and future scenarios.

Threat of murder or serious harm to health: problems of law enforcement and ways to overcome them

Within the framework of this article, the most common crime against a person is considered - the threat of murder or causing serious harm to health. In the course of studying law enforcement practice, a number of problems arise both in the framework of the implementation of the criminal law norm provided for in Article 119 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation, and in the individualization of criminal legal impact on a person who has made a threat to kill or cause serious harm to health. In this regard, the subject of this study will be: the criminal law norm contained in Article 119 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; materials of judicial and investigative practice related to the implementation of the criminal law norm provided for in Article 119 of the Criminal Code of the Russian Federation; works on the theory of criminal law, which investigated controversial issues of criminal law and criminological characteristics of the threat of murder or causing serious harm to health; the ruling of the Constitutional Court of the Russian Federation, statistical data and data from its own sociological research. In this article, general scientific and private scientific methods of cognition were used: system-structural, reduction, deductive method, method of interpretation, formal legal method The novelty of the research lies in the formulation of the author's concepts of "mental health" and "social health" of a particular person who is harmed as a result of making a threat of murder or causing serious harm to health. In order to eliminate contradictions arising in the qualification of a threat of murder or serious harm to health committed using mass media, information and telecommunication networks, including the Internet, the author has developed a classification of the threat of murder or serious harm to health according to a quantitative criterion and the concept of "grounds to fear the threat". For a uniform understanding by citizens and the correct enforcement of the purpose of making a threat to kill or cause serious harm to health, the author's concept of "intimidation" is formulated. The author gives recommendations on more effective application of aggravating and mitigating circumstances for committing a threat of murder or causing serious harm to health.

Creativity as a Universal Phenomenon of Existence (About Olga Zhukova’s Authorial Conception)

This article is devoted to the issue of creativity, which is perceived by the example of the monograph Tvorchestvo i religioznost' v russkoi kul'ture. Filosofskie issledovaniya [Creativity and Religiosity in Russian Culture. Philosophical Studies] (2022) written by Russian philosopher and cultural scholar Olga Zhukova. Although the philosophical and cultural analysis of the artistic process is carried out in the researcher’s work mainly based on the material of literature, the universal nature of creativity allows the author to discover the parallels between the verbal, philosophical and musical modes of discourse. Since the provisions and ideas expounded in the monograph create the precedent for discussing the current topical theoretical and methodological issues of the art of music, the purpose of the article is determined by constructing a system of argumentation that ensures the legitimacy of the following statement: creativity acts as a phenomenon of existence, determining the self-justification of the artist’s personality, whether he or she is a poet, artist or composer, or a reader, viewer and/or listener (performer). At the same time, the central task of this article is to position music as a spiritual and intellectual type of creativity, the universal forms of which are the knowledge of reality and the creation of an image of meaning, revealed in the structure of an artistic text. Relying on the experience of well-known philosophers, cultural and art historians, word artists and performing musicians, the author expresses the necessity to tune the ear of every artist to the sounding entity, the essence of which is able to be revealed with the most completeness only by music.

ДІАЛОГ ІЗ ТЕКСТАМИ ФЛОРІЯ БАЦЕВИЧА

The author's concept of the Ukrainian linguist Florii Batsevych is considered in the article in the categories of communicative studies. The scientific output of the scientist is large and presented in various aspects. It is possible to observe certain chronological cycles of serious publications in which related or analogous linguistic phenomena are analyzed in detail and in a harmonious correction of the theory and real life of the word. Linguist texts of different genres and subject matter, built on communicative principles – monographs, textbooks, with an appeal to small formats of scientific writing, such as, in particular, an article – are analyzed. It is claimed that the common features of the author's conceptual consideration of texts are based on the internal logic of philological proofs, the systematicity of analysis, the sequence of statements, clearly formulated partial and general conclusions, the principle of proofs from simple to complex in the model from general statements to specific issues of communicative studies. Emphasis is also placed on the consistency and clearness of the definitions in F. Batsevych's operational terminology. The article emphasizes the importance and correctness of F. Bacevych's analysis of language facts in the broad context of the cultural and social reality of Ukraine, which, accordingly, allows us to appeal to the possibilities and results of other branches of science – linguistic psychology, linguistic philosophy, literary studies, etc. Attention is also drawn to the encyclopedic nature of F. Batsevych’s knowledge, the skill and correctness of the author's vocations, reminiscences, intertextual echoes with the texts of Ukrainian and European researchers. In the interpretation of F. Batsevych, the strange texts studied for the first time in Ukrainian linguistics are logically explainable and demonstrable as an opportunity to understand the subconscious expressed in special forms or specially constructed variants of its linguistic expression.

Характеристика концепції системи проєктування консалтингової діяльності в закладі вищої освіти в умовах невизначеності

The relevance of the research is determined by the conditions of uncertainty, which produce largescale transformations in all spheres of human life, which provide an opportunity for higher education institutions to adapt to the changing external environment by implementing consulting activities. The article focuses on the analysis of the theoretical and methodological bases of designing consulting activities in a higher education institution. The flexibility of the project approach in the management of a higher education institution is emphasized, which makes it different from the traditional process, provides advantages, contributes to the positioning of the institution and the formation of a positive image. It was noted that the issues of evaluating the effectiveness of designing consulting activities for higher education institutions remained practically unresolved. The article substantiates the expediency and necessity of designing consulting activities in the management process, which contributes to ensuring the consistency of modern requirements of pedagogical theory and practice with the needs of subjects of educational activity. The research examines the developed concept of the consulting activity design system as a tool for forming a positive image of the educational institution in the higher education system. The necessity of forming a concept of a system of designing consulting activities in a higher education institution in conditions of uncertainty is emphasized, which consists in the identification and use in the management process of project-management influences, which involve determining the needs and wishes of the subjects of educational activity (pedagogical, scientific and pedagogical workers and managers institutions of higher education) and their satisfaction in the market of educational services and the labor market. The implementation of the author's concept of the consulting activity design system in a higher education institution in conditions of uncertainty gives an opportunity to realize the importance of consulting activity design as a condition for improving its quality and modernization.

Determinants of the Use of Big Data Technologies by Organizations in Russian Regions

A scientific discussion is unfolding around data as a new factor of production that contributes to the transformation of traditional sectors of the economy, industrial integration, and ensures interregional interaction. At the same time, the question of the relationship with such traditional production factors as labor and capital needs to be answered. The study aims to identify the determinants of organizations' use of Big Data at a regional level. The main hypothesis of the study suggests that the key determinants of organizations' use of big data technologies are digital labor, digital capital and the socio-economic characteristics of regions. In the study we proposed a modified knowledge production function which was tested on open data from the Federal State Statistics Service for 85 regions of Russia in 2021-2022. Panel models were constructed using the method of least squares, generalized feasible least squares. The study presents illustrative material made using cartograms and graphical methods. The results of the study distinguished the spatial heterogeneity in the use of Big Data technologies in Russia's regions and differentiation of the regions by volume of digital capital and digital labor. Panel data models with random effects confirmed the positive impact of digital labor and digital capital on organizations' use of Big Data. Among the socio-economic characteristics of regions as determinants of the use of big data technologies, significant effects were obtained for the share of urban population, gross regional product and share of innovation costs. The study identifies the determinants of the development of the data economy in Russian regions, considering geographic, technological, and economic differentiation. The theoretical significance of the study lies in the proposal of the author's concept of a modified knowledge production function, which can be used as a fundamental basis for the development of the theory of data economics. The practical significance of the study lies in the validity of the value of Big Data, the use of which can help institutions and government authorities find new opportunities for the development of the data economy, taking into account regional differentiation, improving the methodology for monitoring the use of digital technologies by organizations, and identifying the key factors influencing the use of Big Data technologies by organizations.

Ә. НҰРШАЙЫҚОВ ПУБЛИЦИСТИКАСЫНДАҒЫ АВТОРЛЫҚ СУБЪЕКТИВТІЛІК

This article examines the role of authorial subjectivity in the work of Azilkhan Nurshaykov, a writer-journalist who contributed significantly to Kazakhstani literature and journalism. The scientific aspect of A. Nurshaykov's journalistic activity, which had a large impact on public opinion and played an essential role in the development of humanistic concepts, is discussed. The study's goal is to describe the author's concept in journalistic works based on personal experience, perspectives, feelings, analysis and evaluation. The primary focus of the research is the author's publicistic works, which contain the author's thoughts and opinions. The author's perspectives and approaches to public and societal issues are taken into account in the journalist's profession. The author's notion will be acknowledged in philosophical, social, cultural, personal, and other aspects depending on the work's subject and genre. The study examines theoretical and empirical methodologies, as well as contextually analyzing essential characteristics of authorship that contribute to the integrity and uniqueness of a journalist's work and determine individual style. This helps readers comprehend the concept of authorship in a journalist's work. The paper investigates the journalistic laboratory he worked in for nearly two decades and analyzes his perspectives on the concept of journalist. A writer-journalist's viewpoint based on life experience is critical for developing journalists' professionalism and competency. The study's relevance and innovation stem from the development of contextual analyses that connect the author's subjectivity in journalism with the stylistic-genre, creative, and poetic characteristics of A. Nurshaykov's works. The article's value is additionally boosted by providing theoretical explanations of features of authorial subjectivity of international and domestic journalists, including the role of journalistic texts in content production and their influence on reader perception.

Development of social and labor relations in Ukraine: opportunities for achieving sustainable development goals

The article analyzes the essence of social and labor relations (SLR) in the current socioeconomic environment, where the roles of all market actors are being reassessed. The author proposes to include not only traditional partners, but also stakeholders (scientific community, experts, and the public) as participants of the SLR. The author's concept assumes that the SLR, as a set of relationships, should be focused on the formation, implementation, and reproduction of human capital in the country. This approach implies the existence of a criterion of coherence of interests, i.e., participants direct their activities to achieve common goals. These goals include sustainable development goals, in particular, in the SLR area, the goals of gender equality, decent work, and economic development. The analysis of the SLR through the prism of achieving the defined sustainable development goals showed the following. Achievement of the goal of gender equality in Ukraine in the labor market (as a component of the SLR) is considered through equal opportunities for both sexes. Achieving equality is a process with a positive trend and is characterized by positive changes in reducing the gaps between the average wages of women and men. At the same time, the involvement of young women is decreasing (but there are objective reasons for this). In assessing the level of decent work, several basic indicators were identified: the prevalence of forced part-time employment; decent pay (which is assessed by the ability of wages to fulfill not only reproductive but also incentive functions), and the unemployment rate. It was found that the partners made the largest gaps in the area of remuneration, which reduces the ability to achieve sustainable development goals. The reasons for this are as follows: the focus of wages only on the function of labor reproduction and an inappropriate wage structure that does not motivate professional development, development, etc. The revealed level of forced partial employment at enterprises showed the sustainability of this process, which indicates the natural level of this phenomenon (it is noted that deviations from the main target may be caused by external socio-economic, political, or other reasons that produce uncertainty). As for the unemployment rate, its dynamics correlate with the domestic socioeconomic situation in the country and the ability of SLR participants to create jobs. According to the data obtained, it is confirmed that the achievement of the sustainable development goal by this indicator is in a state of stagnation (i.e., the situation is generally stable, but hidden risks remain).

Особенности ментальной регуляции познавательных состояний школьников в зависимости от уровня стрессогенности ситуации

Background. The relevance of the study is due to insufficient knowledge of the influence of the structures of consciousness on the self-regulation of cognitive states in various stressful situations. The author's concept of mental regulation of psychological states served as a theoretical basis for empirical research. Objective. To identify the features of the relationship between indicators of mental regulation and the frequency of experiencing cognitive states in four situations with different stress levels. Study Participants. The study sample consisted of 70 schoolchildren (31 boys and 29 girls, Mage = 17.7 years) from secondary education schools. Methods. The study implemented the author’s questionnaires “Assessment of the frequency of experiencing mental states” and “Methods of self-regulation of mental states” (M.E. Valiullina). In the instructions, the respondents were presented with four types of situations characterized by different stress levels — from the weak level with a neutral context to the strong level with a negative emotional background. Apart from that, the study participants were tested by means of well-known psychological questionnaires: “Method for Studying the System of Life Meanings” (V.Yu. Kotlyakov), “Self-attitude Questionnaire” (S.R. Pantileev), “Method for Diagnosing Reflexivity” (A.V. Karpov, V.V. Ponomareva). Statistical data processing was carried out using frequency analysis and nonlinear correlation analysis according to Spearman. Results. The data analysis demonstrated: as the tension in the situation increases, the frequency of experiencing productive cognitive states decreases, the probability of unproductive states increases, and the number of applied regulation methods increases as well. Besides, as the tension in the situation increases, the involvement of the consciousness components (those of semantic sphere, reflection, and self-attitude) in the mental regulation of cognitive states increases, the degree of relationships integration increases, and the structure-forming indicators are highlighted. Conclusions. The results obtained show that the level of stress in the situation significantly influences the qualitative composition of the characteristics involved in the systems “mental regulation — cognitive state — regulation method” and “mental regulation — regulation method — cognitive state”

Bullying as a Destructive Communal Coping of the School Community: A New Conceptualization

School bullying has long been the subject of numerous empirical studies and applied interventions, due to its high prevalence and serious negative consequences. However, the theoretical understanding of this phenomenon, its predictors and dynamics, is not so rich. The paper examines the most established and influential theories developed by domestic and foreign scientists explaining the causes and dynamics of school bullying. The views on bullying as a result of social learning and a consequence of cognitive representations, a way to increase status and achieve popularity, a group process, the result of synergy of factors within the various social systems, as well as a form of adaptation are discussed. These theories are used to varying degrees to develop anti-bullying interventions, such as prevention programs, technologies to stop bullying, and educational activities. Based on the works on the effectiveness of various interventions, the paper problematizes the issues of the reasons for joining school bullying of children and adults, as well as the rapid return to bullying in schools after the end of anti-bullying activities. The author's concept of bullying is proposed as a communal coping strategy of the school community, where the rejection and displacement of one or more children who find themselves in the role of a victim to the periphery of a group of participants in the educational process, performs the functions of coping with stress and helps to reduce emotional stress to all other members of the community. It seems that this view of school bullying provides answers to the questions raised about the spread and stability of bullying and can be used as a basis for the development of programs addressed to the school community.