Concept Of Anonymity Research Articles

Blacklisting Based Anonymous Authentication Scheme for Sharing Economy

Authentication and blacklisting mechanisms have a key role for service providers to deliver the service to correct users through digital channels. Nevertheless, there always have been concerns about privacy of the users against such mechanisms. The conditional anonymity concept is proposed as a remedy to these concerns. A recent approach in the literature for conditional anonymity is blacklistable anonymous credentials, which allows service providers to blacklist users for an authentication session without identifying the user. In this paper, we improve user anonymity in conditionally anonymous schemes using two complementary mechanisms. First, we define whitelisting property for blacklistable anonymous credentials and give a construction of this scheme. The whitelisting property can be used to unlink an honestly behaved authentication session from the user. Second, we propose an extension of this scheme for a particular use case, sharing economy services. This scheme allows a service provider to blacklist a user only if the user have not returned the shared asset in due time. We benchmark the performance of our schemes by comparing them with the rival schemes. Our experiments show that both of our scheme have comparable performance to previous works.

Continuity and change: language ideologies of Catalan university students

ABSTRACT Catalonia is an interesting site for language ideology research for several reasons. It is a multilingual and multicultural territory, where both Catalan and Spanish enjoy the status of co-official language. Adding to this, over the course of the last two decades there has been a growing movement that has called for the independence of Catalonia from Spain, one which frequently places linguistic concerns at its centre. Against this backdrop, we report on a project that qualitatively examines the language ideologies of university students in the period after the 2017 Catalan independence referendum. Specifically, we conducted semi-structured interviews with 33 undergraduate students attending three universities from the wider Barcelona area. We examined the language ideologies of this cohort through the theoretical lens of linguistic authority, in particular, the concepts of anonymity and authenticity. Two central themes emerged from the data analysis: ‘Catalan: “lingered” authenticity?’ and ‘Spanish: glocal anonymity’. The findings reveal a complex array of language ideologies toward both Catalan and Spanish. Furthermore, in an ever-changing socio-political and sociolinguistic landscape in Catalonia, we maintain that qualitative methods can act as a powerful tool when examining cases of complex multilingualism.

Physical Layer Anonymous Precoding: The Path to Privacy-Preserving Communications

Next-generation systems aim to increase both the speed and responsiveness of wireless communications while supporting compelling applications such as edge-cloud computing, remote health, vehicle-to-infrastructure communications, etc. As these applications are expected to carry confidential personal data, ensuring user privacy becomes a critical issue. In contrast to traditional security and privacy designs that aim to prevent confidential information from being eavesdropped upon by adversaries, or learned by unauthorized parties, in this article we consider designs that mask the user's identity during communication, resulting in anonymous communications. In particular, we examine the recent interest in physical layer (PHY) anonymous solutions. This line of research departs from conventional higher layer anonymous authentication/encryption and routing protocols, and judiciously manipulates the signaling pattern of transmitted signals in order to mask the sender's PHY characteristics. We first discuss the concept of anonymity at the PHY, then illustrate a strategy that is able to unmask the sender's identity by analyzing his/her PHY information only – that is, signalling patterns and the inherent fading characteristics. Subsequently, we review the emerging area of anonymous precoding to preserve the sender's anonymity while ensuring high receiver-side signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio for communication. This family of anonymous precoding designs represents a new approach to providing anonymity at the PHY, introducing a new dimension for privacy-preserving techniques.

A very online subjectivity: Poetry, embodiment and digital spaces

In 1991, Marjorie Perloff wrote, in her book Radical Artifice, that modern media challenges poetics to engage in a ‘dialectic between the simulacrum and the other, a dialectic no longer between the image and the real … but between the word and the image’ (1991, p. 92). She further acknowledged how digital technology had altered the relationship between reader and text through new formats and possibilities of interaction, but also asked ‘(W)hat about its effect on our human interactions?’ (Perloff, 1991, p. 188). This article focuses on three contemporary Australian poetry publications, varying in format and presentation – Shastra Deo’s ‘Self-Portrait as Goro Majima’ (2019); Devotionals by Marcus Whale (2018); and Holly Isemonger’s digital chapbook Deluxe Paperweight (2016) – all of which navigate concepts of anonymity, authenticity, the (un)returned gaze, and the experience of physical alienation in digital spaces. Through close reading and analysis of these works, and drawing on interviews (conducted by the author of this article) with the respective poets, this article considers the possibilities of constructing self and subjectivity in the digital age in poetry and digital spaces.

\u201cIt Happens, But I\u2019m Not There\u201d: On the Phenomenology of Childbirth

Phenomenologically grounded research on pregnancy is a thriving area of activity in feminist studies and related disciplines. But what has been largely omitted in this area of research is the experience of childbirth itself. This paper proposes a phenomenological analysis of childbirth inspired by the work of Merleau-Ponty. The paper proceeds from the conviction that the concept of anonymity can play a critical role in explicating the affective structure of childbirth. This is evident in at least two respects. First, the concept of anonymity gives structural specificity to the different levels of bodily existence at work in childbirth. Second, the concept of anonymity can play a powerful explanatory role in accounting for the sense of strangeness accompanying childbirth. To flesh these ideas out, I focus on two attributes of birth, sourced from first-person narratives of childbirth. The first aspect concerns the sense of leaving one’s body behind during childbirth while the second aspect concerns the sense of strangeness accompanying the first encounter with the baby upon successful delivery. I take both of these aspects of childbirth seriously, treating them as being instructive not only of the uniqueness of childbirth but also revealing something important about bodily life more generally. Accordingly, the paper unfolds in three stages. First, I will critically explore the concept of anonymity in Merleau-Ponty; second, I will apply this concept to childbirth; finally, I will provide an outline of how childbirth sheds light on the broader nature of bodily life.

The Mishandling of Anonymity in Terms of Medical Research Within the General Data Protection Regulation.

One of the major regulatory factors for health informatics is data privacy protection. In the European Union, a shared set of laws has been implemented - the General Data Protection Regulation. While this set of rules aims at harmonizing the European data privacy protection standards, it fails in properly detailing the handling of anonymized data. This is a problem, as, for example many current research initiatives aim at reusing patient data collected within primary care, but lack a patient consent, hence, might rely on anonymized data as being the only alternative. Within this work, we detail different aspects why the concept of anonymity is wrongly handled within the GDPR and give suggestions how the laws could be adapted.

Mysticism and Identity among the English Poor Clares

This article explores the newly catalogued manuscripts of the English Poor Clares preserved in Palace Green Library, Durham. It argues that the collection advances our understanding of the spirituality of the Poor Clares, a group who have received substantially less attention than their Benedictine and Carmelite counterparts. Focusing on manuscript evidence relating to mysticism at the convents of Aire and Rouen, it suggests three areas of interest to scholars of English women religious and recusant Catholic spirituality. First, it explores how a dual understanding ofunio mysticain the convents converted wider concepts of anonymity and self-effacement into a radical form of authorial poverty. Through this, the nuns sought not only to unite with God but also achieve a symbolic union with each other. Secondly, it explores how the physical objects of the crucifix and Eucharist served to inspire a deeper mystical pattern of growth within the souls of the nuns. It suggests that feast days and specific times of the year, especially building up to Easter, had a profound effect on spiritual outpourings. Finally, the article explores the importance of the concept of the “heavenly Jerusalem” to the Poor Clares, revealing its centrality to their understanding of their life as a pilgrimage and their own lived experience as exiles.

Language attitudes, linguistic authority and independence in 21st century Catalonia

ABSTRACT In a context of increasing linguistic and cultural diversity and political uncertainty in Catalonia, this article reports on a research project which set out to explore the attitudes of members of independence organisations operating in the city of Girona toward the Catalan and Spanish languages. This study approaches language attitudes through the theoretical lens of linguistic authority, in particular, the concepts of anonymity and authenticity. The data, gathered from six focus groups, provide an insight on the nature of linguistic authority in contemporary Catalonia. Two themes emerge in the informants’ discussion of Catalan and Spanish: ‘twenty-first Century Catalanisme’ and ‘Embracing Linguistic Diversity’. The comments of the respondents indicate that, against the backdrop of the independence process in the region, bilingualism and multilingualism have become highly valued in the territory. In addition, this study suggests that a fuller understanding of the situation in Catalonia may be facilitated by qualitative approaches, which explore attitudes in-depth.

Curious Cat and Profoundly: Analysis of the Filipino Concept of Anonymity on Social Media

Curious Cat and Profoundly: Analysis of the Filipino Concept of Anonymity on Social Media

Catalan and Spanish in an independent Catalonia: Linguistic authority and officiality

AbstractPro-independence parties won a narrow majority of parliamentary seats in the December 2017 elections in Catalonia. Should Catalonia at some point become independent from Spain, the respective status of Catalan and Spanish is a major issue about which there is significant divergence of opinion, not least within the independence movement in Catalonia. This article approaches the question of language officiality in a hypothetically independent Catalonia through the theoretical lens of linguistic authority, particularly the concepts of anonymity and authenticity. The data, an on-line discussion thread following an interview with a Catalan language activist, reveal a striking diversity of language ideological positions on both the nature of linguistic authority in Catalonia as things stand, as well as how such authority should be constructed and managed in the event of independence, particularly as regards questions of officiality. (Catalonia, linguistic authority, language ideologies, officiality)*

Enemy Encounters in the War Poetry of Wilfred Owen, Keith Douglas, and Randall Jarrell

While some war poets amplify the concept of anonymity for enemy soldiers, projecting an “us vs. them” mentality, other defining voices of war counter this militaristic impulse to dehumanize the enemy. This pivot toward describing the World Wars more like humanitarian crises than an epic of good and evil is most notable in poems that chronicle both real and imagined close-range encounters between combatants. The poem “Strange Meeting” by British First World War soldier Wilfred Owen uses the vision of two enemy soldiers meeting in hell to reinforce his famous notion that war is something to be pitied. As a result of technological advancements in the Second World War and the increasing distance of combat, the poems “Vergissmeinnicht” and “How to Kill” by British Second World War soldier Keith Douglas wrestle with dehumanizing the enemy and acknowledging their humanity. “Protocols” by American Second World War soldier Randall Jarrell is an imagined view of civilian victims, and is a reckoning with the horrors human beings are capable of committing.

Anonymity-based intra–inter and multiple layer service dependent security-aware packet scheduling algorithm (AIIMLSDSPS)

ABSTRACTThe concept of anonymity is included for enhancing the efficiency of security aware packet scheduling by introducing, Anonymity-based Intra and inter and multiple layer service dependent security aware packet scheduling algorithm (AIIMLSDSPS). The anonymity of the source locations are often violated by the intruders through traffic analysis and RF localization techniques. The proposed fake source-location method produces the fake sources into the network in order to confuse the intruder. When the original sources send event messages with secured routing policy, the fake sources are generated dynamically. Fake sources then construct several fake paths in the network. Thus, the proposed fake source-location method minimizes the chances of intrusion and reduces the packet loss with minimal latency and reduced overhead. However, as number of fake paths and fake messages increases, energy consumption of each source is also increases.

Liberdade e anonimato no contexto da cibercultura

O desenvolvimento das Tecnologias de Informação e Comunicação (TIC’s) oportunizou a emergência da Cibercultura. Com ela, a debatida dissolução da fronteira entre o público e o privado aproximou os conceitos de anonimato e privacidade. Este artigo procura avaliar sob quais condições é possível (ou não) admitir esta aproximação e considerar o anonimato como uma prática (i)legítima no plano das relações sociais mediadas por TIC’s. Desenvolvido a partir de revisão bibliográfica, o trabalho foi estruturado em duas partes. A primeira trata do conceito de liberdade como expressão da autonomia individual e aborda a questão do nome como elemento constitutivo da existência em sociedade. A segunda explora o conceito de Cibercultura e as diversas manifestações e motivações relacionadas ao anonimato.

Enhancing Packet-Level Security in Mobile Ad-Hoc Networks

Objectives: To enhance the improved security-aware packet scheduling for improving the packet level security in Mobile Ad-hoc Networks (MANET). The dependency and anonymity issues in security-aware packet scheduling are considered and removed by the proposed approach. Methods: The major challenge in MANET was the packet level security in multiple levels. The network performance was degraded due to contravene in packet level security which causes high packet loss. To overcome this challenge, an Improved Security-Aware Packet Scheduling (ISAPS) was proposed for achieving high level security and effective packet scheduling. Findings: In ISAPS, the packets from the multiple nodes were considered as independent to each other. In addition, the computational complexity and energy consumption were high. The correlation of the multiple dependency packets were degraded the network performance due to representing the dependencies and scalability. The efficiency of security was less since the source node and their packets were easily identified by the attacker. Improvements: These issues are avoided by proposed inter and intra service dependencies based ISAPS algorithm. Furthermore, the anonymity concept is included with the security-aware packet scheduling algorithm for improving the efficiency of security by secure routing protocol. Keywords: Anonymity, Attacker, Dependency, Packet Level Security, Packet Scheduling

Attribute Couplet Attacks and Privacy Preservation in Social Networks

The emerging of social networks, e.g., Facebook, Twitter, and Instagram, has eventually changed the way in which we live. Social networks are acquiring and storing a significant amount of profile information and daily activities of over billions of active users. The data sets, drawn from the social networks, are becoming great sources for exploring and attracting huge interests from different research communities. However, publishing social network data sets have also raised serious security and privacy risks; it is highly likely that they will be targeted by the hackers due to their substantially commercial values. To deal with the problem of privacy leakage, a number of attack models and corresponding privacy preserving solutions have been proposed recently. A common approach is to anonymize the identities of the users when publishing the data sets while we argue that the remaining relationship is sufficient to identify an anonymized user. In this paper, we define a new type of attack as attribute couplet attack . The attribute couplet attack facilitates the relationship of a couplet of anonymous nodes (i.e., a pair of users) and some limited background information to unveil the protected identities. To achieve privacy-preservation under attribute couplet attacks, we propose a new anonymity concept as k-couplet anonymity. A social network data set satisfies the k-couplet anonymity if, for any pair of nodes, there exist at least the other $k-1$ couplets sharing the same attributes. Then, we design and implement two heuristic algorithms to promote the k-couplet anonymity. Furthermore, we design an approximate algorithm for multiple-attribute social networks to realize the k-couplet anonymity. The evaluation results on multiple data sets demonstrate that the privacy and utility of the social network data sets can be well preserved, when incorporating the proposed k-couplet anonymity and the associate heuristic algorithms.

Anonymity and personhood: Merleau-Ponty’s account of the subject of perception

Several commentators have argued that with his concept of anonymity Merleau-Ponty breaks away from classical Husserlian phenomenology that is methodologically tied to the first person perspective. Many contemporary commentators see Merleau-Ponty’s discourse on anonymity as a break away from Husserl’s framework that is seen as hopelessly subjectivistic and solipsistic. Some judge and reproach it as a disastrous misunderstanding that leads to a confusion of philosophical and empirical concerns. Both parties agree that Merleau-Ponty’s concepts of anonymity mark a divergence from classical Husserlian phenomenology. I will question this view and demonstrate that Merleau-Ponty’s discourse on anonymity remains Husserlian in two important senses: (1) it analyses senses in terms of constituting selves and communities of such selves, and (2) it accounts for the formation of experience by the temporal sedimentation of intentional activity. The argument proceeds in four steps. The first section argues against the widely spread notion according to which Merleau-Ponty’s anonymous subject is collective. In the second section, I offer an alternative reading by demonstrating that Merleau-Ponty uses the term “anonymous” primarily to characterize the lived body of a personal subject. In section three, I introduce Merleau-Ponty’s idea of trace and show that for him both the perceived thing and the perceiving body are traces and as such refer to earlier constitutive acts of alien subjects. I then argue that Husserl’s concepts of sedimentation are crucial for the understanding of this idea. Finally, in section four, I show how Husserl’s theory of depresentation informs Merleau-Ponty’s discourse on anonymity.

익명성을 중심으로 한 사이버 공간과 좀비픽션 장르의 유사성 비교연구

디지털 세대에게 가장 인기 있는 문화콘텐츠 중 하나는 좀비픽션 장르이다. 좀비장르의 인기는 최근 조성된 묵시록적 사회분위기 속에서 현 세대의 불안과 공포를 반영하고 있다는 사실에 기인한다. 또한 현 세대의 주 활동공간인 사이버 공간의 구조적·사회학적 특징들이 상당부분 좀비픽션 속 가상공간의 그것과 유사하다는 점에 주목한다. 사이버 공간은 가상의 정체성을 가지고 수평적인 교류가 가능한 탈코드화와 탈영토화의 공간이다. 이러한 과정 속에서 영토는 다양한 공동체로 재구성되고 정보의 코드들은 왜곡된다. 좀비픽션의 가상공간에서도 좀비 창궐로 인한 정보의 오염과 문명의 멸망을 통한 재영토화, 그로인한 생존자들의 이합집산과 같은 비슷한 현상이 벌어진다. 디지털 세대들은 디지털미디어를 통해 사이버공간에 접속하며 이를 통해 새로운 정체성을 형성한다. 좀비영화 속 좀비는 단순한 적이 아닌, 생존자들이 새로운 세상을 파악하고 자신의 모습을 투영하는 ‘미디어’로 작용한다. 또한 좀비영화들이 미디어에 대해 비판적 시각을 제시하는 것은 현 세대가 디지털미디어를 잘못된 방식으로 활용하고 있는 것에 대한 은유로도 읽힌다. 사이버 공간의 구성원들은 익명성 뒤에 숨어 새로운 정체성으로 활동한다. 이는 좀비영화 속 캐릭터들이 과거의 신분에서 벗어나 멸망한 세상에 맞는 신분으로 살아가는 것과 같다. 익명성은 사회를 구성하는 근본 요소로서, ‘사회적 자아’를 형성하는데 필요한 ‘전형’이 가진 특성이기도 하다. 다원화된 현대사회와 마찬가지로 사이버 공간과 좀비픽션 속 공간은 다양한 정보와 공동체의 집합체이며, 이들은 추상적이고 모호한 속성을 지닌다. 이러한 세계 속의 구성원들은 한곳에 정착하지 못하고 추상적인 비인격체가 되어버린다.

On anonymizing transactions with sensitive items

K-anonymity (Samarati and Sweeny 1998; Samarati, IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng, 13(6):1010---1027, 2001; Sweeny, Int J Uncertain, Fuzziness Knowl-Based Syst, 10(5):557---570, 2002) and its variants, l-diversity (Machanavajjhala et al., ACM TKDD, 2007) and tcloseness (Li et al. 2007) among others are anonymization techniques for relational data and transaction data, which are used to protect privacy against re-identification attacks. A relational dataset D is k-anonymous if every record in D has at least k-1 other records with identical quasi-identifier attribute values. The combination of released data with external data will never allow the recipient to associate each released record with less than k individuals (Samarati, IEEE Trans Knowl Data Eng, 13(6):1010---1027, 2001). However, the current concept of k-anonymity on transaction data treats all items as quasi-identifiers. The anonymized data set has k identical transactions in groups and suffers from lower data utility (He and Naughton 2009; He et al. 2011; Liu and Wang 2010; Terrovitis et al., VLDB J, 20(1):83---106, 2011; Terrovitis et al. 2008). To improve the utility of anonymized transaction data, this work proposes a novel anonymity concept on transaction data that contain both quasi-identifier items (QID) and sensitive items (SI). A transaction that contains sensitive items must have at least k-1 other identical transactions (Ghinita et al. IEEE TKDE, 33(2):161---174, 2011; Xu et al. 2008). For a transaction that does not contain a sensitive item, no anonymization is required. A transaction dataset that satisfies this property is said to be sensitive k-anonymous. Three algorithms, Sensitive Transaction Neighbors (STN) Gray Sort Clustering (GSC) and Nearest Neighbors for K-anonymization (K-NN), are developed. These algorithms use adding/deleting QID items and only adding SI to achieve sensitive k-anonymity on transaction data. Additionally, a simple "privacy value" is proposed to evaluate the degree of privacy for different types of k-anonymity on transaction data. Extensive numerical simulations were carried out to demonstrate the characteristics of the proposed algorithms and also compared to other types of k-anonymity approaches. The results show that each technique possesses its own advantage under different criteria such as running time, operation, and information loss. The results obtained here can be used as a guideline of the selection of anonymization technique on different data sets and for different applications.

Desindividualização e emergência de normas sociais numa audiência: experiência de campo sobre o comportamento colectivo

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Public anonymity and the connected world

We defend public anonymity in the light of the threat posed by digital technology. Once people could reasonably assume that they were fairly anonymous when they left the house. They neither drove nor walked around with GPS devices; they paid their highway tolls in cash; they seldom bought on credit; and no cameras marked their strolls in the park or their walks down the street. Times have changed. We begin with a brief discussion of the concept of anonymity. We then argue that public anonymity helps promote privacy in public. Next, we argue that public anonymity is worth protecting insofar as it promotes autonomy. After that we attempt to show how digital technology threatens public anonymity in the context of CCTV and GPS devices. We argue for a significant scaling back of public surveillance. We close with some thoughts on what we take to be the gratuitous costs imposed on those who would attempt to preserve their anonymity in public.