Concepts In Oncology Research Articles

Papillomavirus-associated neoplasms of dogs and cats

Papillomavirus oncogenesis as a benign process, clinically diagnosed as papillomatosis, is common in small domestic animals, in particular among cats and dogs, but in the nosological structure of neoplasms has a different ratio depending on the species. Recent data indicate the provocation of precancerous and neoplastic lesions in domestic species by the papillomatosis virus. Clinically, oncogenesis is associated with lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, which is determined by the tropicity of the virus, since the papillomavirus replication cycle is closely related to the differentiation of cells of the multilayer squamous epithelium, and in accordance with the morphological classification provokes the development of epithelial tumors without specific localization. The following neoplasms were identified in the structure of tumors of epithelial origin in dogs and cats: papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. In statistical studies during the study period, organ-specific tumors in dogs amounted to 23.85%, in cats 12.5%. The concept of infectious oncology is used, which includes and combines the basic principles of infectious and oncological processes. Bibliographic analysis revealed the associativity of papillomavirus infection with specific neoplasms, depending on the taxonomy of the virus and the type of animal.

High-Throughput, Parallel Flow Cytometry Screening of Hundreds of Cell Surface Antigens Using Fluorescent Barcoding.

Multicolor flow cytometry allows for analysis of tens of cellular parameters in millions of cells at a single-cell resolution within minutes. The lack of technologies that would facilitate feasible and relatively cheap profiling of such a number of cells with an antibody-based approach led us to the development of a high-throughput cytometry-based platform for surface profiling. We coupled the fluorescent cell barcoding with preexisting, commercially available screening tools to analyze cell surface fingerprint at a large scale. This powerful approach will help to identify novel biomarkers and druggable targets and facilitate the discovery of new concepts in immunology, oncology, and developmental biology.

Ассоциированные с папилломавирусом новообразования собак и кошек

Papillomavirus oncogenesis as a benign process, clinically diagnosed as papillomatosis, is common in small domestic animals, in particular among cats and dogs, but in the nosological structure of neoplasms has a different ratio depending on the species. Recent data indicate the provocation of precancerous and neoplastic lesions in domestic species by the papillomatosis virus. Clinically, oncogenesis is associated with lesions of the skin and mucous membranes, which is determined by the tropicity of the virus, since the papillomavirus replication cycle is closely related to the differentiation of cells of the multilayer squamous epithelium, and in accordance with the morphological classification provokes the development of epithelial tumors without specific localization. The following neoplasms were identified in the structure of tumors of epithelial origin in dogs and cats: papilloma, squamous cell carcinoma and basal cell carcinoma. Histological diagnosis was carried out using the allocation of specific criteria characteristic of tumors, regardless of cytogenesis. In statistical studies during the study period, organ-specific tumors in dogs amounted to 23,85%, in cats 12,5%. It is noted that papillomavirus infection is characterized by the specificity of lesions not only within one species, many histological criteria for certain types of tumors are similar in both cats and dogs. The concept of infectious oncology is used, which includes and combines the basic principles of infectious and oncological processes. Bibliographic analysis revealed the associativity of papillomavirus infection with specific neoplasms, depending on the taxonomy of the virus and the type of animal.

Surgical treatment of esophageal cancer-New technologies, modern concepts

Das Ösophaguskarzinom wird in Deutschland meist in spezialisierten Zentren entsprechend den Leitlinien multimodal und interdisziplinär therapiert. In den kommenden Jahren wird die Zentralisierung der Ösophaguschirurgie in Deutschland durch die Festlegung neuer Mindestmengen weiter voranschreiten. Dieser Artikel soll neue Technologien für die chirurgische Therapie des Ösophaguskarzinoms und zudem aktuelle onkologische Konzepte aus der Sicht eines High-volume-Centers vorstellen.

Transplant Oncology: An Evolving Field in Cancer Care.

Simple SummaryTransplant oncology is an emerging concept of cancer treatment with a promising prospective outcome. The application of oncology, transplant medicine, and surgery to improve patients’ survival and quality of life is the core of transplant oncology. This review illustrates the concept and history of transplant oncology as an evolving field for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic biliary cancer, and liver-only metastasis of non-hepatobiliary carcinoma. The utility of immunotherapy in the transplant setting is discussed as well as the feasibility of using circulating tumor DNA for surveillance post-transplantation. As transplant oncology continues to evolve as a promising field in cancer management, it is expected that there will be improved outcomes and expansion of transplant eligibility through the consolidation of multidisciplinary and collaborative efforts. Liver transplantation is increasingly associated with improved survival outcomes in patients with liver malignancies. Eligibility criteria for liver transplantation has expanded over the years to include more patients with cancer. In addition, immunotherapy and ctDNA are two emerging concepts that are highly applicable to transplant oncology treatment. Immunotherapy may be used as neoadjuvant “bridging” therapy pre- liver transplantation and possibly in the palliative setting post-transplantation. Liquid biopsy to assess ctDNA post-transplantation can potentially be used as a biomarker to detect minimal residual disease and disease recurrence.Transplant oncology is an emerging concept of cancer treatment with a promising prospective outcome. The application of oncology, transplant medicine, and surgery to improve patients’ survival and quality of life is the core of transplant oncology. Hepatobiliary malignancies have been treated by liver transplantation (LT) with significant improved outcome. In addition, as the liver is the most common site of metastasis for colorectal cancer (CRC), patients with CRC who have stable unresectable liver metastases are good candidates for LT, and initial studies have shown improved survival compared to palliative systemic therapy. The indications of LT for hepatobiliary malignancies have been slowly expanded over the years in a stepwise manner; however, they have only been shown to improve patient survival in the setting of limited systemic therapy options. This review illustrates the concept and history of transplant oncology as an evolving field for the management of hepatocellular carcinoma, intrahepatic biliary cancer, and liver-only metastasis of non-hepatobiliary carcinoma. The utility of immunotherapy in the transplant setting is discussed as well as the feasibility of using circulating tumor DNA for surveillance post-transplantation.

Obesity and Dose of Anti-cancer Therapy: Are We Sure to Be on the Right Track in the Precision Medicine Era?

Obesity, defined in adults by a body mass index (BMI) greater than or equal to 30 kg/m2 is a growing public health issue, affecting mainly Western countries. In the past, adipose tissue was considered as an inert component with a mere lipid storage function but to date it is recognized as a real organ with metabolic functions. Its relation with increased cancer risk and influence on anti-cancer therapy is not new, especially in association with the low-grade inflammation that characterizes adiposity (1–3). Therefore, adipose tissue cannot be ignored when anti-cancer therapy dosage is calculated. The only current method for cancer therapy dose calculation considers body surface area (BSA), which is not a surrogate of obesity and doesn't take into account any inter-individual variable, resulting in floating effects. Integration of BMI has demonstrated to reduce chemotherapy-induced toxicity, but the formula remains not exhaustive (4). Here, we criticize the use of BSA and BMI for cancer-therapy dose adjustment, highlighting the need to develop a comprehensive algorithm that could dramatically improve the personalized medicine concept in oncology.

Tissue-Agnostic Drug Development: A New Path to Drug Approval.

In recent years, there has been remarkable progress in our understanding of cancer biology, host responses, and the concept of precision oncology. These advances have focused attention on biomarker-driven, tissue-agnostic drug development strategies. The recent approvals by the FDA of pembrolizumab for the treatment of unresectable or metastatic, microsatellite instability-high or deficient mismatch repair solid tumors, and more recently for the treatment of tumor mutational burden-high tumors; and of larotrectinib and entrectinib for the treatment of neurotrophic tyrosine kinase (NTRK) fusion-positive solid tumors, have further heightened interest in target-driven as opposed to histology-driven drug development. Herein, we focus on tissue-agnostic clinical drug development with an understanding of target modulation in the context of histology. The use of molecular genetics and biomarker-driven strategies rather than traditional histology based on organ of origin has reinforced the concept of tissue-agnostic drug development. Recent approvals in the United States, Europe, Japan, Australia, and other regions have further heightened interest in target-driven as opposed to histology-driven drug development.

Oncologic aspects in treatment of pathologic fractures

Pathological fractures are not only incisive events for tumor patients often with the need of surgical treatment but also often represent a relevant challenge in the overall concept of oncological treatment. The aim of this article is to illustrate the necessity of a pre-interventional interdisciplinary consideration of disease-specific and patient-specific characteristics. A literature search and evaluation of existing guidelines were carried out including the keywords "bone metastases" and "pathological fractures" with respect to the oncological and radiotherapeutic treatment. An essential classification of the surgical and other needs for treatment is carried out by the identification of the underlying disease and dissemination situation. For tumor-related pathological fractures a palliative treatment situation is present in most cases. Nevertheless, a possible oligometastasis and an increasing number of effective systemic treatment methods must be taken into consideration when planning the surgical treatment. In addition to the therapeutic emergency indications in spinal compression or symptomatic hypercalcemia, both additive radiotherapy and supplementary pharmaceutical osteoprotection have to be addressed in this context. Radiotherapy in particular represents an effective alternative option for symptom and tumor control. The work-up of the multifaceted oncological treatment concept represents an interdisciplinary challenge, which ideally defines the further treatment procedure, including fracture treatment, in an interdisciplinary tumor board within an overall oncological concept.

Oncology boot camp: A preparatory curriculum for advanced pharmacy practice experience students.

The primary objective of this study was to evaluate the effectiveness of an autonomous oncology boot camp on Advanced Pharmacy Practice Experience (APPE) student knowledge. Secondary objectives included assessing student perception of the virtual learning experience and overall comfort level with the material. APPE students rotating through our institution between November 2019 and March 2020 were voluntarily enrolled in a 4-hour oncology-focused boot camp, which included five PlayPosit (Denver, CO, USA) interactive video lectures embedded with case-based application questions followed by one comprehensive web-based Quandary (Victoria, BC, Canada) action-maze case. Student learning was measured by a pre- and post-intervention exam. A web survey tool (Qualtrics, Provo, UT, USA) collected student perceptions evaluating their comfort with oncology-specific drug knowledge and APPE rotations tasks. Fifty students enrolled in the oncology boot camp, with 100% completing the pre- and post-intervention assessments. Overall, pre-intervention exam scores (mean: 55.4%, SD: 21.8%) improved by 23.2% following the boot camp (mean: 78.6%, SD: 19.2%; p < 0.001). Students performed better on all 10 exam questions, with 6 questions showing a statistically significant improvement (p < 0.05). Forty-five students (90%) completed the perception surveys. Of those, 93% agreed that it effectively reinforced important oncology knowledge, 91% supported the autonomous design, and 82% would recommend the oncology boot camp for future students. The boot camp proved to be a beneficial educational tool that enhanced student knowledge and confidence in navigating common oncology concepts. Students valued the ability to independently complete the activities and supported its continuation.

Minimal Residual Disease in Neovascular Age-Related Macular Degeneration.

With the advent of long-acting anti-vascular endothelial growth factor substances, "healing of AMD (age-related macular degeneration)" might be easily assumed due to prolonged treatment intervals. Adoption of the oncological concept of minimal residual disease for quiescent choroidal neovascularization (CNV) lesions might enhance the importance of continued monitoring, and spur research into the core of the disease, i.e., CNV biology.

Precision Cancer Medicine: Dynamic Learning of Cancer Biology in a Clinically Meaningful Context.

Precision medicine is revolutionizing healthcare practices, most notably in oncology. With cancer being the second leading cause of death in the USA, it is important to integrate precision oncology content in undergraduate medical education. In 2015, we launched a Clinical Cancer Medicine Integrated Science Course (ISC) for post-clerkship medical students at Vanderbilt University School of Medicine (VUSM). In this ISC, students learned cancer biology and clinical oncology concepts through a combination of classroom and patient care activities. Student feedback from mid- and end-of-course surveys and student match data were analyzed and used to develop ongoing course improvements. To date, 72 medical students have taken the Clinical Cancer Medicine ISC. Over 90% of students who completed end-of-course surveys agreed or strongly agreed that this course advanced their foundational science knowledge in clinical cancer medicine, that clinical relevance was provided during non-clinical foundational science learning activities, and that foundational science learning was embedded in course clinical experiences. Students who took this course most commonly matched in Internal Medicine, Pathology, Pediatrics, and Radiation Oncology. VUSM students who matched into Pathology and Radiation Oncology were more likely to take this ISC than students who matched in other specialties. The Clinical Cancer Medicine ISC serves as a model for incorporating precision oncology, cancer biology foundational science, and oncology patient care activities in undergraduate medical education. The course prepares students to care for oncology patients in their fields of interests during their future career in medicine.

Sinonasal cancers treatments: state of the art.

The present review provides the reader with the state-of-the-art concepts of sinonasal oncology in view of the latest literature data. Most recent publications in sinonasal oncology assessed treatment timing, centralization, surgical approach, margin status, orbit/neck management, salvage strategies, emerging surgical technologies, intensity-modulated radiation therapy (IMRT), volumetric modulated arc therapy (VMAT), particle radiotherapy, and neoadjuvant chemotherapy. Indications to endoscopic surgery for sinonasal cancer have plateaued and are unlikely to further expand. Endoscopic surgery provides noninferior results compared to open surgery and best suits timing constraints imposed by multimodal treatment. Management of orbit-encroaching sinonasal cancer is remarkably improving mostly owing to optimal use of nonsurgical strategies. Prognostic value of the margin status and management of the nodal basin and recurrent sinonasal tumors are far from being fully elucidated. Most promising surgical technologies are surgical navigation, optical imaging, and radiofrequency-aided ablation. IMRT and VMAT have theoretical technical advantages that are in the process of being clinically demonstrated. Pieces of evidence are progressively confirming the physical and radiobiological advantages offered by particle radiotherapy. Systemic therapy is being tested mostly in the neoadjuvant setting with the aim of improving outcomes in locally advanced sinonasal cancers; response to induction chemotherapy could better select a further locoregional approach.

Radiation Oncology Applications in Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery: A Nonsystematic Review of Concepts and Principles.

Careful consideration of radiotherapy can determine the success of reconstructive therapy. There is a broad spectrum of radiotherapy modalities, both benign and malignant. Delivery mechanisms differ in the physical design, setup, radiation source, administrable dosage, and mode of delivery. This range of options allows radiation oncologists to tailor individualized treatment; however, radiotherapy concepts can be challenging for nonspecialists. The purpose of this article is to review general radiation oncology concepts, including essential equipment and radiobiology, and provide plastic surgeons with a basic conceptual understanding to facilitate effective multidisciplinary collaboration with radiation oncologists.

Parvovirus-Based Combinatorial Immunotherapy: A Reinforced Therapeutic Strategy against Poor-Prognosis Solid Cancers.

Simple SummaryOncolytic virotherapy using oncolytic viruses with natural or engineered cancer-destroying capacities has emerged as a promising treatment concept in modern oncology. Rodent protoparvoviruses, in particular the rat H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV), have demonstrated their broad-range tumor-suppressive properties in both preclinical models and clinical studies. In addition to inducing selective tumor cell death, these viruses are also able to exert immunostimulating effects and reverse tumor-driven immune suppression. Parvovirotherapy holds therefore a potential for enhancing the efficacy of other cancer immunotherapies. The aim of this review is to provide an overview of all H-1PV-based combinatorial immunotherapeutic approaches against poor-prognosis human solid cancers that have been tested so far. Current challenges and future prospects of parvoviro-immunotherapy, notably parvovirus inclusion into various immunotherapeutic protocols against glioblastoma, pancreatic cancer, among other standard therapy-refractory solid malignancies, are also discussed in the light of H-1PV further clinical development.Resistance to anticancer treatments poses continuing challenges to oncology researchers and clinicians. The underlying mechanisms are complex and multifactorial. However, the immunologically “cold” tumor microenvironment (TME) has recently emerged as one of the critical players in cancer progression and therapeutic resistance. Therefore, TME modulation through induction of an immunological switch towards inflammation (“warming up”) is among the leading approaches in modern oncology. Oncolytic viruses (OVs) are seen today not merely as tumor cell-killing (oncolytic) agents, but also as cancer therapeutics with multimodal antitumor action. Due to their intrinsic or engineered capacity for overcoming immune escape mechanisms, warming up the TME and promoting antitumor immune responses, OVs hold the potential for creating a proinflammatory background, which may in turn facilitate the action of other (immunomodulating) drugs. The latter provides the basis for the development of OV-based immunostimulatory anticancer combinations. This review deals with the smallest among all OVs, the H-1 parvovirus (H-1PV), and focuses on H-1PV-based combinatorial approaches, whose efficiency has been proven in preclinical and/or clinical settings. Special focus is given to cancer types with the most devastating impact on life expectancy that urgently call for novel therapies.

Alpha Fetoprotein: Tumor Marker in Gynaecology

Ovarian carcinoma is the fifth most common cause of cancer death. It is the second most common gynecologic malignancy in developed countries and the third most common gynecological cancer. There are several intrinsic problems that render ovarian cancer screening difficult. An optimal screening test has high sensitivity, specificity, patient acceptance. The three screening techniques available for ovarian malignancy are: Pelvic examination, Tumor Marker, TVS. Tumor markers are used to screen for or diagnose malignancies, determine prognosis or monitor therapy. Alpha Fetoprotein is tumour marker for Embryonal Carcinoma, Yolk Sac tumour, Immature Teratoma, Sertoli-Leydigs cell tumour. The concept of preventive oncology has been developed to approach cancer problem at various points in evolution with goal of reducing cancer suffering and death.

Concepts in cardiac oncology.

Cardiac oncology is a subspecialty of cardiology engaging cardiologists and oncologists alike, in order to provide the best possible oncologic treatment for patients at high cardiovascular risk or developing cardio-toxicity during the course of their treatment, thus avoiding discontinuing it, and aiming at improving survival and quality of life. Early diagnosis and the effectiveness of the newer cancer treatments delivered an increasing number of long-term survivors (presently almost 30 million worldwide), at high risk of developing cardiovascular diseases. This predisposition has been correlated not only to the toxic side effects of the oncologic treatment but also to a real vulnerability to the risk factors in this patients population. For decades, the concept of cardio-toxicity in cardiac oncology has been restricted to ventricular dysfunction, but during the last few years the Food and Drug Administration has approved hundreds of new molecules and cardiac oncology has escalated its complexity. The introduction of new target therapy, proteasome inhibitors, immuno-modulators, and inhibitors of the immunitary checkpoint, magnified the concept of cardio-toxicity to a wider definition of ‘cardiovascular toxicity’ incorporating arterial hypertension, ischaemia, cardiomyopathy, myocarditis, arrhythmic complications, long QT, and arterial and venous thrombosis. We are still lacking guidelines on the new and varied forms of toxicity, as well as monitoring strategies in the short- and long-term follow-up.

Impact of the Stroma on the Biological Characteristics of the Parenchyma in Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma.

Solid tumors consist of the tumor parenchyma and stroma. The standard concept of oncology is that the tumor parenchyma regulates the tumor stroma and promotes tumor progression, and that the tumor parenchyma represents the tumor itself and defines the biological characteristics of the tumor tissue. Thus, the tumor stroma plays a pivotal role in assisting tumor parenchymal growth and invasiveness and is regarded as a supporter of the tumor parenchyma. The tumor parenchyma and stroma interact with each other. However, the influence of the stroma on the parenchyma is not clear. Therefore, in this study, we investigated the effect of the stroma on the parenchyma in oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC). We isolated tumor stroma from two types of OSCCs with different invasiveness (endophytic type OSCC (ED-st) and exophytic type OSCC (EX-st)) and examined the effect of the stroma on the parenchyma in terms of proliferation, invasion, and morphology by co-culturing and co-transplanting the OSCC cell line (HSC-2) with the two types of stroma. Both types of stroma were partially positive for alpha-smooth muscle actin. The tumor stroma increased the proliferation and invasion of tumor cells and altered the morphology of tumor cells in vitro and in vivo. ED-st exerted a greater effect on the tumor parenchyma in proliferation and invasion than EX-st. Morphological analysis showed that ED-st changed the morphology of HSC-2 cells to the invasive type of OSCC, and EX-st altered the morphology of HSC-2 cells to verrucous OSCC. This study suggests that the tumor stroma influences the biological characteristics of the parenchyma and that the origin of the stroma is strongly associated with the biological characteristics of the tumor.

Hepatocellular carcinoma from the view of a transplant surgeon.

Curative treatments for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) traditionally include liver transplantation, liver resection, and in some very early HCCs, local ablation. Of these methods, transplantation brings the best long-term prognosis. Therefore, it should be considered by all multidisciplinary teams. Transplant treatment of HCC has developed significantly in recent years as does the concept of transplant oncology and in some centers HCC has already been the most common indication for liver transplantation. The aim of this work is to review the role of liver transplantation in the treatment of patients with HCC, its indications, results and the current situation in IKEM, the biggest transplantation center in the Czech Republic.

Establishment of Microbeam Radiation Therapy at a Small-Animal Irradiator

Microbeam radiation therapy is a preclinical concept in radiation oncology. It spares normal tissue more effectively than conventional radiation therapy at equal tumor control. The radiation field consists of peak regions with doses of several hundred gray, whereas doses between the peaks (valleys) are below the tissue tolerance level. Widths and distances of the beams are in the submillimeter range for microbeam radiation therapy. A similar alternative concept with beam widths and distances in the millimeter range is presented by minibeam radiation therapy. Although both methods were developed at large synchrotron facilities, compact alternative sources have been proposed recently. A small-animal irradiator was fitted with a special 3-layered collimator that is used for preclinical research and produces microbeams of flexible width of up to 100 μm. Film dosimetry provided measurements of the dose distributions and was compared with Monte Carlo dose predictions. Moreover, the micronucleus assay in Chinese hamster CHO-K1 cells was used as a biological dosimeter. The focal spot size and beam emission angle of the x-ray tube were modified to optimize peak dose rate, peak-to-valley dose ratio (PVDR), beam shape, and field homogeneity. An equivalent collimator with slit widths of up to 500 μm produced minibeams and allowed for comparison of microbeam and minibeam field characteristics. The setup achieved peak entrance dose rates of 8 Gy/min and PVDRs >30 for microbeams. Agreement between Monte Carlo simulations and film dosimetry is generally better for larger beam widths; qualitative measurements validated Monte Carlo predicted results. A smaller focal spot enhances PVDRs and reduces beam penumbras but substantially reduces the dose rate. A reduction of the beam emission angle improves the PVDR, beam penumbras, and dose rate without impairing field homogeneity. Minibeams showed similar field characteristics compared with microbeams at the same ratio of beam width and distance but had better agreement with simulations. The developed setup is already in use for invitro experiments and soon for invivo irradiations. Deviations between Monte Carlo simulations and film dosimetry are attributed to scattering at the collimator surface and manufacturing inaccuracies and are a matter of ongoing research.

Educating Our Colleagues: Radiation Basics for Obstetrics and Gynecology Residents

Exposure to Radiation Oncology is minimal among medical students, except for those who intend to pursue a career in Radiation Oncology. Consequently, fundamental knowledge of radiation treatment in gynecologic malignancies may vary among Obstetrics and Gynecology residents depending upon their experiences and level of training. To develop a curriculum to educate Obstetrics and Gynecology residents about basic concepts in Radiation Oncology to improve coordination and management of patients with gynecologic malignancies. Radiation oncology residents met with Obstetrics and Gynecology residents to identify gaps in their knowledge related to radiation oncology topics of interest. A lecture was developed to cover these topics with the help of Radiation Oncology and Gynecologic Oncology attending physicians. The target audience of the lecture were the members of the Department of Gynecology and Obstetrics, including residents, attending physicians, nurse practitioners, and patient care coordinators. The session was divided into an orientation lecture, followed by hands-on training. The orientation lecture covered the following topics: • Common gynecologic malignancies and standard of care treatments • Indications for radiation treatments including emergent radiation treatment • Description of different radiation modalities including external beam radiation and brachytherapy and how they are used • EBRT: CT simulation, radiation planning software, and treatment machines • Brachytherapy: Basic physics background, placement of Smit sleeve for cervical cancer brachytherapy, CT simulation, and treatment planning and delivery • Expected treatment side effects • Radiation safety and protection • Radiation and pregnancy A demonstration/ hands-on-training session was conducted with patient mannequins to familiarize attendees with treatment planning, brachytherapy equipment, and placement of devices. Attendees also toured the department to learn more about the following: • Tandem and ovoids, tandem and ring, cylinders, and interstitial needles/catheters • Treatment planning software • Treatment machines – LINAC, brachytherapy after-loaders. This training session resulted in a better understanding of the rationale and logistics of radiation treatments and improved coordination of patient care for gynecologic oncologic patients. Future research opportunities and avenues for collaboration were identified as well. A Radiation Oncology education program targeted at Obstetrics and Gynecology residents led to greater knowledge about radiation treatments and enhanced patient care and coordination.