Concept Of Health Care Research Articles

Правова концепція охорони здоров’я, дружня до дитини

Правова концепція охорони здоров’я, дружня до дитини

Cloud Computing in Smart Health Care

The concept of smart health care is rapidly increasing due to the advancement in technology. Smart Health care is defined as diagnosis the disease, improve the quality of patient’s life and enhance the quality of service with the advancement features in Information and Communication Technologies. The technologies used for smart health care are Cloud Computing, Big Data, Internet of Things, Artificial Intelligence and Block Chain. The most acceptable technology for providing quality and enhanced service to the patients is the cloud computing. The impact of cloud computing is expected to be stronger and more positive in forthcoming years. This paper is aims to provide the importance of cloud computing in health care. First, the concept and the role of cloud in smart health are discussed. Then the benefits and the risks of cloud in health care are explained.

Using Safety-II and resilient healthcare principles to learn from Never Events.

Conduct a secondary analysis of root cause analysis (RCA) reports of Never Events to determine whether and how Safety-II/resilient healthcare principles could contribute to improving the quality of investigation reports and therefore preventing future Never Events. Qualitative and quantitative retrospective analysis of RCA reports. A large acute healthcare Trust in London. None. None. Quality of RCA reports, robustness of actions proposed. RCA reports had low-to-moderate effectiveness ratings and low resilience ratings. Reports identified many system vulnerabilities that were not addressed in the actions proposed. Using a Safety-II/resilient healthcare lens to examine work-as-done and misalignments between demand and capacity would strengthen analysis of Never Events. Safety-II/Resilient Healthcare concepts can increase the quality of RCA reports and focus attention on prospectively strengthening systems. Recommendations for incorporating Safety-II concepts into RCA processes are provided.

Medicine's collision with false hope: The False Hope Harms (FHH) argument.

The goal of this paper is to introduce the false hope harms (FHH) argument, as a new concept in healthcare. The FHH argument embodies a conglomerate of specific harms that have not convinced providers to stop endorsing false hope. In this paper, it is submitted that the healthcare profession has an obligation to avoid collaborating or participating in, propagating or augmenting false hope in medicine. Although hope serves important functions—it can be ‘therapeutic’ and important for patients’ ‘self‐identity as active agents’— the presentation of false hope along the hope continuum entails a misconstrued balancing act. By not speaking up against unrealistic patient and family requests—including some requests for rights to try, resuscitative efforts in terminally ill patients, or other demands for non‐beneficial treatments—healthcare providers precipitate harms, i.e., the FHH. These harms arise on both individual and communal levels and cannot be ignored. The goal of this paper is not to offer a definition of false hope, because the phenomenon of false hope is too complex for any simple definition. Instead, this paper seeks to make four points while outlining the FHH argument: consumer medicine and false hope are connected; providers and patients are very vulnerable in the system of consumer medicine; providers have a responsibility to stand up against false hope; and how the FHH argument could perhaps offer a footing to resist giving in to false hope.

Mental health and psychological activity to preserve it

The article explores the methodology of psychological activity to preserve mental health on the material “Concepts of Mental Health Care in Ukraine until 2030”, approved by the Decree of the Cabinet of Ministers of Ukraine of December 27, 2017 under No. 1018-p. It is noted the conditionality of coverage by the named Concept the spheres of activity of psychologists of the main specializations - educational, clinical, judicial and other as the spheres of psychological knowledge and specialty application, as well as their corresponding specializations, reflecting to a greater extent the field of psychological knowledge application, than its specification locations. The methodologem of the research as a universal way of thought solution of the outlined the problem is the definition of psychology’s social role as a dichotomy of psychology and society: “What is psychology for society?” and “What is society in its own mental being-reflection?” It was carried out the psychological clarification and supplementation of used in substantiated Concept definition of mental health of the World Health Organization (WHO) as a state of complete mental human activity, which provides self-regulation of psychophysiological functions of an organism and self-realization of personality in society. Thus, psychological approaches to the definition of mental health, each of which is based on different sides of the normal and abnormal functioning of the psyche, are harmoniously combined in the above mentioned methodologem of human psychology, developed and grounded by R. Trach. In addition, the category of mental health quality developed by the author and introduced into scientific circulation as an individual trait of personality to provide his own integrity, adequate to his own internal nature. Mental health expressions in various spheres, summarized by M.V. Savchin, methodological foundations of the development of scientific knowledge in this direction, sponsored by A.V. Furman, are presented. The analysis of the problem in the field of mental health in Ukraine was carried out in the form of defining the main ten constituent components named by the Concept. The directions of mental health care and preservation are distinguished, which should represent the integrity of medical and psychological activity. The reflection of the current state of scientific understanding and its implementation into the model of the psychological service of education and other spheres of social practice is carried out. The most important directions of psychological activity of educational psychologists, which ensure mental health preservation of children, adolescents and adults, are outlined.

Towards a relational conceptualization of empathy.

Empathy is a fundamental concept in health care and nursing. In academic literature, it has been primarily defined as a personal ability, act or experience. The relational dimensions of empathy have received far less attention. In our view, individualistic conceptualizations are restricted and do not adequately reflect the practice of empathy in daily care. We argue that a relational conceptualization of empathy contributes to a more realistic, nuanced and deeper understanding of the functions and limitations of empathy in professional care practices. In this article, we explore the relational aspects of empathy, drawing on sources that offer a relational approach, such as the field of care ethics, the phenomenology of Edith Stein and qualitative research into interpersonal and interactive empathy. We analyse the relational aspects of three prevalent components of empathy definitions: the underlying ability or act (i.e. the cognitive, affective and perception abilities that enable empathy); the resulting experience (i.e. empathic understanding and affective responsivity) and the expression of this experience (i.e. empathic expression). Ultimately, we propose four inter‐related understandings of empathy: (a) A co‐creative practice based on the abilities and activities of both the empathizer and the empathee; (b) A fundamentally other‐oriented experience; (c) A dynamic, interactive process in which empathizer and empathee influence each other's experiences; (d) A quality of relationships.

Masculinity, aging, and sexuality in health-disease-care processes among male workers in Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil.

This article presents an analysis of the representations and experiences of male workers regarding self-care, and the ways in which configurations of health-disease-care processes and aging affect male sexuality. A qualitative study was conducted that included semi-structured interviews with fifteen men living with a chronic disease. Respondents had an average age of 56 years old, most had not completed elementary school, and they were residents of a low-income neighborhood in the city of Campinas, São Paulo, Brazil. Two findings emerge from the analysis: on one hand, conceptions of health care, gender, and the reproductive process are socially mediated by gender-biased sexual prejudices or reproduce stereotypes such as those based on sexual medicine; on the other hand, the aging process has repercussions on the conception and practice of male sexuality, and disease opposes values socially attributed to traditional masculinity. However, the aging process has made it possible for some to reinterpret gender relations, as well as ideals of dominant masculinity.

An interpretative phenomenological analysis of dignity in people with multiple sclerosis.

Dignity is a fundamental concept in healthcare. The symptoms of multiple sclerosis have a negative effect on dignity. Understanding of lived experience of dignity in people with multiple sclerosis is crucial to support dignity in practice. The aim was to explore the sense of dignity experienced by people with multiple sclerosis. An interpretative phenomenological analysis design was adopted, using data collected through face-to-face interviews with 14 participants. The study was approved by the faculty Ethical Committee (No. EC 1828/2016). Four interconnected superordinate themes emerged from analysis: Loss of a fully-fledged life: Violating the dignity-of-self; To accept and fight: Promoting the dignity-of-self; Contempt and rudeness: Indignity-in-relation; and Those who know and see, help: Promoting dignity-in-relation. The loss of former fully-fledged life has a dramatic impact on integrity and impaired dignity-of-self. Accepting illness and changed identity impaired by multiple sclerosis was the step that the participants considered to be important for reacquiring the sense of dignity. The participants encountered misunderstandings, prejudices, embarrassment, insensitive remarks, labelling, unwillingness and impersonal treatment as indignities. Acceptance of their condition, needed support, the feeling of being part of a group, sensitivity and the sharing of problems had a positive effect on their dignity. Continual changes in functional ability threaten an individual's identity and were experienced as violations of dignity. Based on this, participant's dignity-of-self was not a moral, but much more existential value. Acceptance of changed identity and fighting spirit were important for restoring their dignity-of-self. The misunderstandings, prejudices and unwillingness had a negative impact on their dignity-in-relation. On the other side, support from others in fighting promoted their dignity-in-relation. Dignity is manifested as a complex phenomenon of lived experience of people with multiple sclerosis and also an umbrella concept for providing good quality of person-centred care.

The concept of health care as an object of administrative and legal support

The article is devoted to the formulation of the author’s definition of the concept of health care as an object of administrative and legal support with further definition of its features. The urgency of the issue outlined in the article is due to the medical reform of the health care system and the need to properly ensure the constitutionally guaranteed right to health care. The article distinguishes the concept of protection and defense. The essence of the category «health care», which is defined at the legislative and doctrinal levels, is revealed. Based on the analysis of the concept of «health care», it is noted that this concept is enshrined in law, but in legal science there is no agreed interpretation; the vast majority of definitions contain meaningful components of health care; the meaning of the term «health care» consists of measures, means, subjects and purpose. Concepts such as «security», «legal security» and «administrative and legal security» are considered. It is emphasized that in the context of this issue, the rules of administrative law have an impact on health care. The essence of administrative and legal provision of health care is determined. It is concluded that health care as an object of administrative and legal support should be understood as a system of measures and tools implemented by public administration through a rule-making mechanism to ensure the rights, freedoms and legitimate interests of the population needed to maintain optimal performance and social activity of the person, having created thus conditions for the maximum possible individual life expectancy. The peculiarities of health care as an object of administrative and legal support are highlighted.

Про конституційність закону, або чи можуть українці лікуватись?

The article investigates the lawfulness of the adoption and the consequences of the implementation of the Law of Ukraine "On State Financial Guarantees of Public Health Services". On the basis of the analysis of the norms of international law, the Constitution of Ukraine and the decisions of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine, the thesis about the unconstitutionality of this law is substantiated and the consequences of its implementation in the life of Ukrainian society are analyzed. The concepts of health care and medical services are compared. The negative consequences of the introduction of medical reform are analyzed. Proposed ways to solve the problem of passing laws that are unconstitutional and contradict the current legislation. Specific legal mechanisms of implementation of which will contribute to ensuring the constitutionality and legality of legislative activity are proposed. The main directions of violation of the Constitution of Ukraine of the introduced "medical reform", which was initiated by the Law of Ukraine "On State Financial Guarantees of Medical Services to the Population", have been identified. The thesis about the illegality and illegitimacy of this law is confirmed, justification of the unconstitutionality and contradiction of the provisions of this law is made by the decision of the Constitutional Court of Ukraine. The conclusion was made about the necessity of termination of this Law and other normative acts adopted on its basis.

A survey on feasibility of telehealth services among young Italian pharmacists.

Background:Telemedicine is defined as “the use of medical information exchanged from one site to another via electronic communications to improve a patient’s health status”. This relatively new concept of healthcare is based on the fusion between medical assistance and Information and Communication Technology (ICT) to provide support to people located in remote and underserved areas. It can be found not only in hospitals, but also in other healthcare facilities such as pharmacies. Starting from 2010, telemedicine or telehealth was formally introduced in the Italian pharmaceutical context with the “Pharmacy of Services Decree”. In spite of this regulatory framework, the implementation of this technology was very slow and there are no data about the spreading and use of these services in Italian pharmacies.Objective:The present study has therefore developed a survey to collect information on the diffusion of telemedicine/telehealth services within Italian pharmacies.Methods:A two-part questionnaire in Italian was developed using SurveyMonkey, setting a mechanism aimed to have different outcomes according to the answers given. Six hundred eighty-three respondents returned the questionnaire. The results were then analysed statistically.Results:The questionnaire results have shown a limited diffusion of telemedicine/telehealth services among Italian pharmacies and an apparently limited interest of health authorities in supporting the integration of this technology.Conclusions:More efforts should be spent by national public health stakeholders to better analyse the contribution of telemedicine services available in public pharmacies and to find the best solutions to implement this innovative technology as an established service.

Continuity of Care in Chronic Diseases: A Concept Analysis by Literature Review.

This study aimed to utilize concept analysis to obtain a better understanding of the concept of "continuity of care" in chronic diseases. The concept of continuity of care was analyzed using the Walker and Avant method. Covering literature in English from 1930 to 2018, the data sources included CINAHL Complete, Academic Search Complete, MEDLINE, PsyARTICLES, Health Source: Nursing/Academic Edition, Google Scholar, Science Direct, and the Cochrane Library. A comprehensive definition of concept of continuity of care was developed based on a systematic search and synthesis. The key defining attributes were identified as (a) care over time, (b) the relationship between an individual patient and a care team, (c) information transfer, (d) coordination, and (e) meeting changing needs. The antecedents of continuity of care were having a chronic disease, inexperienced with disease management, a poorly coordinated healthcare system, and medical care limitations. The consequences of continuity of care were decreasing hospital admissions, reducing costs, reducing emergency room visits, improving the quality of life, improving patient satisfaction, and delivering good healthcare. The thorough concept analysis provides insight into the nature of "continuity of care" in chronic diseases and also helps ground the concept in healthcare.

The Comorbidity conception of somatic diseases in cardiology practice.

The article review discusses the comorbidity of somatic diseases in cardiology practice. There are discussed the definition and formation history of comorbidity theory prevalence and options for the development of comorbidity. In the article also is analyzed the prevalence of comorbidity in the population and cohorts of individuals with various diseases. The commonality of risk factors for chronic non-inflectional diseases is an important prerequisite for the development of comorbidity. This study considers various options for the comorbidity development. We have to apply the concept in practical health care create. We also have to create the available tools to determine the prognostic of comorbidity of somatic diseases and. In the article are presented three methods for assessing the prognosis and survival in case of comorbidity of somatic diseases. There are considered unified views on the tactics of treatments, prevention of comorbidity and high risk of complications. At the moment the data is being accumulated on the benefits of poly pills tactics treatment. However, studies with firm endpoints are few in number to date. We have to combine the medicine with different mechanisms of action that have an evidence base for achieving target levels of individual indicators requires. The authors propose algorithms for managing patients with comorbid pathology, for which they have developed schemes of actions from diagnostics to monitoring the main indicators for evaluating the effectiveness of therapeutic interventions and preventive measures.   &nbsp

ПОВСЯКДЕННЕ ЖИТТЯ НА ВОЛИНІ КІНЦЯ XIV – СЕРЕДИНИXVI СТОЛІТТЯ: ЇЖА, ОДЯГ ТА РОЗВАГИ

In the article some aspects of the everyday life of Volhynia burghers and peasants of the Grand Duchy of Lithuania at the end of the 14th and mid-16th centuries are considered. The variety and variations of food, the types of clothing available to ordinary people, the concept of body care and health care, as well as the entertainment of the common people and places of rest such as taverns and baths are explored. It was discovered that the Volhynians’ diet was rich and included meat products, such as fish like carp, pike, sturgeon, beluga and even Danzig herring, flour products, seasonings and natural preservatives, which were bought at city auctions and grown on their own. By the middle of the 16th century, Volhynians formed separate ideas about medicine, where approaching Jewish or Welsh doctors were common. Usually, medicines were herbal drinks and ointments Examination of the body was carried out to identify the causes of the disease. Activities of local people were analyzed, such as dice, chess, dance, communication with other residents of Volhynia cities and villages, usage of prostitutes. In fact, depending on the success of the production sphere, the citizen or the peasant could afford a standard of living. It was found out that the everyday life of the Volhynian was relatively bright and filled with events and included the choice of products for dinner, the selection of a new wardrobe item, the discussion of local news after work, participation in lawsuits in ham, playing games and taking the glass of a strong drink. The Volhynians’ ideas of «unprofitable people», which had analogies in Western European countries, were singled out.

A Secured Framework for SDN-Based Edge Computing in IoT-Enabled Healthcare System

The Internet of Things (IoT) consists of resource-constrained smart devices capable to sense and process data. It connects a huge number of smart sensing devices, i.e., things, and heterogeneous networks. The IoT is incorporated into different applications, such as smart health, smart home, smart grid, etc. The concept of smart healthcare has emerged in different countries, where pilot projects of healthcare facilities are analyzed. In IoT-enabled healthcare systems, the security of IoT devices and associated data is very important, whereas Edge computing is a promising architecture that solves their computational and processing problems. Edge computing is economical and has the potential to provide low latency data services by improving the communication and computation speed of IoT devices in a healthcare system. In Edge-based IoT-enabled healthcare systems, load balancing, network optimization, and efficient resource utilization are accurately performed using artificial intelligence (AI), i.e., intelligent software-defined network (SDN) controller. SDN-based Edge computing is helpful in the efficient utilization of limited resources of IoT devices. However, these low powered devices and associated data (private sensitive data of patients) are prone to various security threats. Therefore, in this paper, we design a secure framework for SDN-based Edge computing in IoT-enabled healthcare system. In the proposed framework, the IoT devices are authenticated by the Edge servers using a lightweight authentication scheme. After authentication, these devices collect data from the patients and send them to the Edge servers for storage, processing, and analyses. The Edge servers are connected with an SDN controller, which performs load balancing, network optimization, and efficient resource utilization in the healthcare system. The proposed framework is evaluated using computer-based simulations. The results demonstrate that the proposed framework provides better solutions for IoT-enabled healthcare systems.

Patients' Experiences With a Digital Primary Health Care Concept Using Written Dialogues: A Pilot Study.

Background: The changing health care environment promotes the adoption of new information technologies to connect patients and health care providers. However, individuals greatly vary in their ability to use new digital systems, and in their feelings regarding integrity and validation. Caregivers in southern Sweden plan to implement a new digital primary health care (DPHC) service, and patients’ experiences must be studied to guide the best possible implementation of this service. Purpose: To examine the patients’ experiences with DPHC using written dialogues. Method: Patients were consecutively recruited from June 2018 to April 2019. This prospective pilot study used questionnaires with fixed response options, summarized as index values (IV, 0-1.0) in the following domains: communication, technical functionality, and general experience of DPHC. Results: Participants included 286 patients with a mean age of 40 ± 15 years. The response rate was 49% (n = 140), including 40 men (29%) and 100 women (71%). Communication using DPHC was experienced as fairly good (IV, 0.58), technical functionality was experienced as good (IV, 0.80), and the general experience of DPHC was positive with an IV of 0.76. The overall experience of the concept (IV, 0.71), corresponds to a median satisfaction value of 8.0 (interquartile range, 6-9). The patients felt well-prepared and experienced reasonable time aspects. Of the responding patients, 81% would recommend DPHC to others, and a notable reason for satisfaction was availability. However, patients expressed some uncertainty regarding the physician’s ability to assess correct care needs. Conclusion: The patients in our pilot study described their satisfaction and expressed good experiences with the concept of DPHC using written dialogues.

Using a Supermind to Design a Supermind: A Case Study of University Researchers and Corporate Executives Co-Designing an Innovative Healthcare Concept

In 2019-2020, the Collective Intelligence Design Lab (CIDL), an initiative of the MIT Center for Collective Intelligence (CCI), worked jointly with Takeda Pharmaceutical’s Center for Scientific Leadership and Innovation (CSLI) to address a challenge faced by Takeda. This paper describes the collaboration as a case study of university researchers interacting with company executives to explore the potential of a new approach for undertaking organizational design. The joint CIDL-CSLI project involved 38 executives from across Takeda applying principles from Thomas Malone’s book Superminds to address an important business problem: how to use innovative socio-technical solutions to tackle depression among working age people in Japan. The Takeda executives, called “Superminds Fellows,” participated in a series of face-to-face and virtual meetings that were informed by ideas from the fields of collective intelligence and design thinking. The Takeda group generated six business concepts to address the challenge, and a group of researchers convened by the CIDL and the Community Biotechnology Initiative (CBI) of MIT’s Media Lab subsequently commented and expanded on these concepts. The ideas generated by the Takeda executives and the MIT group were then synthesized by the CIDL team and reviewed by all participants. The concept that emerged was CareNet, a web-enabled collected intelligence system that relies on a combination of human expertise and artificial intelligence to diagnose and recommend actions that can help people who are susceptible to or suffering from depression, as well as their caregivers and healthcare providers. The collaboration yielded multi-faceted results. First, Takeda is developing the CareNet business concept by working with key stakeholders in the Japanese healthcare system. Second, the superminds concepts introduced to the Takeda executives who participated have begun to proliferate across the organization. For instance, even though only 38 executives participated directly in the Superminds Fellows program, a Takeda survey found that through the end of 2019, more than 200 people at the firm have become familiar with the supermind concepts at the center of the CIDL-CSLI collaboration. Finally, for CIDL, the collaboration led to the development of new elements of its superminds design methodology and also provided insights into how universities can undertake activities that combine some of the benefits of both traditional university research and management consulting.

Value based healthcare - principles and recommendations for organizational solutions in Poland.

The aim of this paper is is to present the assumptions of the Value Based Healthcare concept, the related benefits and examples of countries in which the concept is implemented. The article also proposes solutions based on the VBHC model that could be implemented in the Polish healthcare system. A literature search was conducted using the PubMed via Ovid database using the following keywords: Gray literature items were also analyzed using the Google Scholar tool and other documents, eg of the European Commission. Then the work was divided into the following thematic areas: definitions and principles of VBHC, benefits and challenges related to the implementation of the model, VBHC in Europe, recommendations for solutions in Poland based on VBHC. Value Based Healthcare (VBHC) is a healthcare financing model developed by M. Porter and E. Teisberg. It is based on the assumptions of financing healthcare providers based on treatment outcomes, that is, values. This concept was created in connection with the constantly growing costs in the American healthcare system, which, however, did not translate into health indicators in the population. The aim of VBHC is to minimize the cost of the system while achieving the best result for the patient. In this model of healthcare organization, it is assumed that those healthcare providers who provide the best quality care should be best financed, thus contributing to cure or significantly improving the quality of life of patients. Value Based Healthcare is the recommended method of financing due to the optimization of healthcare expenses while maintaining the appropriate quality of services provided to patients. Currently, many countries in Europe and around the world have started implementing this system solution. However, the transition from a service charge to value for money model is a complex process. In the authors' opinion, the longterm benefits of such a financing model bring a significant improvement in the quality of services and patient satisfaction.

Equity Indicators for Health System Performance Assessment

Equity in healthcare is included as a key dimension in the most conceptual frameworks for health system performance assessment. Measuring equity is one of the cornerstones by the assessment. The aim of the study is to identify and systematise the primary indicators used to measure equity by the health system performance assessment. A review of reports from international and national organisations as well as scientific publications is completed. The descriptive analysis of the equity concept in healthcare is complemented by a structured synthesis of the indicators used for its assessment - the outlined indicators are grouped, and the most frequently used are analysed. Plenty of equity indicators are used in different frameworks, depending on how this complex concept is interpreted and the definition adopted in the relevant conceptual framework. The literature review identifies 359 indicators, which, after grouping and removing duplicates and similarities are reduced to 157. The most commonly used concern equity in access to health services for different population groups and equity in financing, including financial protection. The largest number of indicators are identified in the groups related to the quality of health services and health status of the population. Different interpretations of equity result in a large number of indicators for its assessment and the lack of consensus for a standard set of such. Measuring equity is still a challenge in health system performance assessment.

Ontologies for Liver Diseases Representation: A Systematic Literature Review.

Ontology, as a useful knowledge engineering technique, has been widely used for reducing ambiguity and helping with information sharing. It is considered originally to be clear, comprehensive, and with well-defined format. It characterizes several domains purposes description through structured and formalized languages. In various areas of research, it has become a significant way to realize successful and powerful accomplishments. Actually, medical ontologies were turned into an efficient application in medical domains. They also become a relevant approach to process large medical data volumes. Consequently, they are behaving as a support decision system in some cases. Also, they ensure diagnosis process acceleration and assistance. Additionally, they have been integrated especially to represent human healthcare concepts. For that reason, plenty of research works applied ontologies to design and treat liver diseases. In this article, we present a general overview of medical ontologies to stand for this type of disease. We expose and discuss these works in details by a complete comparison. Also, we show their performance to arrange clinical data and extract results.