Concept Of Public Interest Research Articles

Dealing with Corporate Scandal under European Market Abuse Law: The Case of VW

This paper uses the current proceedings against Volkswagen Aktiengesellschaft for violations of its continuous disclosure obligation as a backdrop for addressing fundamental questions of European market abuse law. Specifically, we ask how the Market Abuse Directive and Regulation (MAD/R) and Member State corporate law together shape management’s disclosure policy vis-à-vis the stock market. Taking the perspective of German stock corporation law, our main findings are twofold: First, while European market abuse law severely limits management’s discretion when market integrity is at stake, Member States can still largely control its influence on internal corporate governance – i.e., on the distribution of information between management and shareholders. Second, MAD and MAR directly draw on conceptions of public interest in Member State law when determining the outer bounds of issuers’ ability to delay disclosure, thereby potentially promoting compliance. Based on these insights, the paper then closes with a note of caution for national legislators and suggests a more profound discussion of their responsibility for the optimal functioning of European market abuse law.

MITOLOGIAS JURÍDICAS DO ESTADO ADMINISTRATIVO: CRÍTICA GENEALÓGICA DA NOÇÃO DE INTERESSE PÚBLICO

O estudo pretende realizar uma crítica genealógica do principal mito fundador do moderno Estado Administrativo: a noção de “interesse público”. Partindo do método arqueogenealógico proposto por Michel Foucault, leva em consideração o desenvolvimento histórico do conceito de interesse público para demonstrar que, longe de limitar juridicamente a ação de governo de um Estado Absoluto até então incontrolável, é a própria noção de interesse público a justificar a construção teórica e política de um Estado capaz de “fazer coisas”, legitimando tautologicamente, em nome do bem comum, a sua ação de governo sobre os corpos de indivíduos e populações.

El interés público y su atomización. Bases para fundamentar una tesis en materia de regulación en contabilidad y control

El objetivo de este artículo es identificar y clasificar los sentidos y usos del Interés Público a partir de varios marcos de interpretación, de esta forma el texto será punto de referencia teórico para el análisis del interés público desde las diversas perspectivas o disciplinas con las que futuras investigaciones pueden apoyarse. Se tuvo como marco de referencia la Constitución Política, haciendo una descripción y síntesis del interés público en relación con el Estado Social de Derecho en Colombia. Con base a estas posturas, los resultados de la investigación esbozan que la ley 1314 de 2009 por la cual se establecen en Colombia los estándares internacionales en materia de contabilidad y control, se desvanece el sentido jurídico-político, etnológico y sociológico del concepto interés público y se instrumentaliza a favor de los intereses de mercado, cediendo el Estado soberanía regulativa y renunciando a actuar por sí mismo en defensa de los intereses de la Nación.

행정법상 공익개념에 관한 고찰

행정법상 공익개념에 관한 고찰

Особенности содержания понятия «публичный интерес» для целей антимонопольного регулирования

Особенности содержания понятия «публичный интерес» для целей антимонопольного регулирования

Profesora Jana Bocia koncepcja interesu w prawie administracyjnym

This paper does not aspire to offer an overall presentation of Prof. Jan Boć’s contribution to the concept of interest, but is intended to point out several views of this author on the design of legal interest in administrative law, including an attempt to assess their validity.Some of these views now require revising, others give them a fresh look. Professor Jan Boć commented on the relationship between public law and private law, made successful attempts to define the relationship. In the area of Professor Jan Boc’s academic interests, there has always been the individual, and therefore the Professor devoted considerable space in his work to the construction of legal interest of the individual, which went beyond the traditional definition describing the conceptof public interest.

A Critical Review on the Expansion of Law for Public Interest Report - Especially from Perspective of Criminal Law -

공익신고자보호법은 공익침해행위를 신고한 사람을 보호하고 지원하여 깨끗한 사회풍토의 확립을 목적으로 한다. 그러나 이러한 동법의 목적과 달리 현실적으로 공익신고자는 국가적으로 보호받지 못하고, 사회적으로 보호되지 않고 있다. 이러한 문제점에 입각하여 본연구에서는 실무상 동법의 효과를 극대화하기 위하여 특히 형사법적 관점에서 공익(公益) 에 대한 개념과 정의, 공익침해행위의 구체적 적시와 판단기준, 공익신고 대상법률의 확대 방안에 대한 방향성, 공익신고의 오남용 방지를 위한 소관기관의 오남용 선별권한의 필요성에 대하여 검토를 하였다. 그 결과 본 연구에서는 동법의 실효성을 위하여 첫째, 공익의 개념으로서 헌법 제37조 제 2항에 규정된 “공공복리(公共福利)”로 정의하여 입법하는 방안이 바람직하다고 생각된다. 둘째, 공익침해행위의 구체적 적시와 판단기준을 적시함으로써 공화조건(公化條件)을 충족 하는 경우에 한하여 신고자가 공익신고를 할 수 있도록 하는 것이 최대한의 공익실현과 공익신고자의 보호 그리고 공익신고의 오남용을 방지할 수 있다고 생각된다. 셋째, 공익신고 대상법률의 확대적용은 신중하게 접근하는 것이 타당하다고 생각된다. 특히 형법, 상법 등을 공익신고 대상법률에 포함시키는 것은 특별법만능주의로 흐를 수 있어 결코 바람직하지 않다고 생각된다. 따라서 포괄주의가 아닌 현행과 같이 예시적 열거주의를 적용하는 것이 바람직하다고 생각된다. 넷째, 최대한 공익신고의 오남용을 방지하기 위하여 소관기관에 오남용 선별권한과 동시에 형사고발조치를 할 수 있는 권한을 부여하는 것이 필요하다고 생각된다.The Protection of Public Interest Reporters Law is to contribute to the stabilization of the livelihood of citizens and the establishment of a transparent and clean social climate by protecting and supporting those who have reported any conduct that is detrimental to the public interest. However, unlike the purpose of the Law, public interest reporter is not protected nationally and are not socially protected. Based on these problems, the author reviewed the concept and definition of the public interest in terms of the criminal law, the specific suggestion and judgment criteria of conduct detrimental to the public interest, the direction of the expansion of law for public interest report, and the necessity of selecting the abuse of the competent agency to prevent misuse of public interest report. As a result, the author thinks that it is desirable to legislate as “public welfare” as defined in paragraph (1) of Article 37 of the Constitution as the concept of public interest for the effectiveness of the Law. Second, it is thought that maximum realization of public interest, protection of public interest reporter, and misuse of public interest reporting can be prevented by allowing the complainant to report the public interest only if the public condition is met by presenting specific suggestion and judgment criteria for conduct detrimental to the public interest. Third, it is reasonable to approach the expansion of law for public interest report carefully. In particular, it is not desirable to include criminal law and commercial law in the act subject to public interest report act because it can flow into special act universalism. Therefore, it is desirable to apply current and exemplary enumeration rather than all-inclusive theory. Fourth, it is necessary to grant the authority to the competent agency to select the abuse and to take criminal charges at the same time in order to prevent abuse of public interest report as much as possible.

Viešasis interesas žiniasklaidoje: asmens iškelta vartotojų teisių apsaugos problema kaip viešojo intereso atvejis Lietuvos interneto žiniasklaidoje

[full article and abstract in Lithuanian; abstract in English]
 Public good is the basis of public interest that determines the (co)existence of the community as well as the society. The media and its role in civic society play a major role in defining public interest, and it helps in manifesting this public interest to various stakeholders. Likewise, the public’s need to know of the role of the media in the presentation, consideration and representation of the public interest is extremely important.
 The relevance of public interest to a society is related to meeting the needs of a society. Changes in the functions of media from a forth power or a watchdog, to a moderator of public discussions had drawn media’s attention to the need for an inquiry of public interest and discussions about it in the media.
 The aim of this article is to determine how public interest is presented in Lithuanian online media. This article analyzes the case of presenting the protection of the rights of heat consumers – as an interest of the public – in Lithuanian online media. This article discusses the concept of public interest, the role of the media in discussing the public interest, and, when choosing a specific public interest issue, investigates how the topic of public interest is presented in Lithuanian online media.
 The case of public interest raised by the representative of the society – P. Markevičius, a lawyer and member of the Žvėrynas district community in Vilnius, was selected for the case study. The case is connected with the protection of the heat consumers’ rights, as P. Markevičius had detected potential violations of consumer rights being done by Vilnius energija (the provider of heat services in Vilnius city). All publications made during the period of 2010–2012 found using the Google search engine with the keywords “P. Markevičius” and “Vilniaus energija” were selected for the case study; qualitative and quantitative content analyses were used.
 The case study of public interest manifested in 2010–2012 in Lithuanian online media shows that the representation of the “public interest” by the representatives of the media is understood only as a way of giving space to citizens to present their views and talk about the problems relevant to them. The case leads to some consideration that the public interest in the media and by media is mostly understood as a way of supporting active citizens by inviting them to discussions and providing time for presenting their arguments, as well the position statements of experts and officials, but without any specific journalistic investigations.
 The development of civil society makes it possible to assume that the raising of issues related to public interest have also made some changes in the media – there could be seen an aspiration to raise problematic issues and promote discussions. Such monitored changes in civil society encourage the continuation of the ongoing investigation of the issue how public interest is manifested in online media – social media in particular.

Dealing with Corporate Scandal Under European Market Abuse Law: The Case of VW

This paper uses the current proceedings against VW for violations of its continuous disclosure obligation as a backdrop for addressing fundamental questions of European market abuse law. Specifically, we ask how the Market Abuse Directive and Regulation (MAD/R) and Member State corporate law together shape management’s disclosure policy vis-a-vis the stock market. Taking the perspective of German stock corporation law, our main findings are twofold: First, while European market abuse law severely limits management’s discretion when market integrity is at stake, Member States can still largely control its influence on internal corporate governance – i.e., on the distribution of information between management and shareholders. Second, MAD and MAR directly draw on conceptions of public interest in Member State law when determining the outer bounds of issuers’ ability to delay disclosure, thereby potentially promoting compliance. Based on these insights, the paper then closes with a note of caution for national legislators and suggests a more profound discussion of their responsibility for the optimal functioning of European market abuse law.

A AUTOCOMPOSIÇÃO EM MATÉRIA TRIBUTÁRIA

O presente artigo versa sobre a possibilidade de extinção dos créditos tributários mediante concessões mutuas, ou seja, da aplicabilidade da resolução de conflitos em matéria tributária através da autocomposição. O problema da pesquisa reside na seguinte questão: os métodos alternativos de resolução de conflitos podem ser aplicados em matéria tributária sem que isso comprometa ou ponha em risco a indisponibilidade e a supremacia do interesse público? Para dar conta de responder a essa pergunta, foi preciso buscar as raízes do Sistema Tributário Brasileiro, procurando compreender o tributo a partir dos seus aspectos principiológicos. O propósito aqui foi o de tentar relativizar a tese da indisponibilidade, ainda muito arraigada ao Direito Administrativo, procurando demonstrar um novo conceito de interesse público, à luz da economicidade e da eficiência. Assim sendo, o objetivo geral do trabalho reside em avaliar os mecanismos extrajudiciais de solução de conflitos e seus benefícios a fim de propor a regulamentação e normatização de tais mecanismos no Sistema Tributário brasileiro. A pesquisa tem como justificativa a ineficiência dos métodos tradicionais de cobrança dos créditos tributários, dentre os quais a Execução Fiscal, que oneram demasiadamente os cofres públicos, além de ser moroso e pouco eficaz no que concerne à constrição do devedor que não possui patrimônio para saldar a dívida. A falta de autonomia da Fazenda Pública em extinguir o crédito tributário, em condições adversas como essa, expõe a precaridade do sistema de cobrança. A relevância da pesquisa reside, portanto, justamente em tentar propor um “novo” modelo arrecadatório, incorporando a hipótese de que dispor do crédito público em determinadas condições para tentar solucionar o conflito também é uma forma de atender ao interesse público.

PUBLIC INTEREST VERSUS FORESTS

ABSTRACT This article analyses role of the concept of “public interest” in forest management, governance and conservation in Turkey and seeks to obtain an insight into the “public interest” through exploring the permit process given by the State, and to help better understanding the roots of current issues. An institutional approach will be followed and various formal and informal legislation will be explored in their complex and dynamic interplay, which leads and shapes practices on the ground and resulting outcomes. The purpose of this paper is to bring some new perspectives to the debate about the proper balance between economic development policies and forest protection. It is also hypothesized that the concept of “public interest” could increase and lead deforestation through legislation. It first explains the theoretical framework on resource management, forest policy, and public interest. This general overview is followed by a more in-depth analysis of the role that public interest plays in deforestation via the permit process in the State forests. Turkey has lost irrevocably an area of 654.833 hectares in the State forests via the 94.148 permits granted. This analysis of public interest confirms that it is important to avoid legislation that overreaches. The concept of public interest may exceed implementation capacity (i.e., there may be an imbalance between the activities, procedures and institutional arrangements prescribed by legislation and high court decisions). Re-organization of decision-making mechanisms/process with a more participative approach is an important step toward achieving good governance and sustainability of the forest resources.

Rationalising the basis for utilization of compulsorily acquired property in Ghana: Issues arising

This paper discusses the evolution, current status and future prospects of the governance framework on compulsory acquisition in Ghana with particular emphasis on the scope of the state’s prerogative to determine the purpose for which compulsorily acquired lands may be utilized. The paper examines how the concept of public interest has been interpreted and applied in assessing the utilization of compulsorily acquired lands against the background of expanding developmental and infrastructural needs, the state’s evolving role in economic development, increasing pressure on land resulting from rapid population growth and urbanization; and drastic changes in land use and demand in recent times. The paper comments on the judicial interpretation of the governance framework on compulsory acquisition in the 1992 Constitution and examines the legislative proposals on the utilization of acquired lands made in the Land Bill, which is currently under consideration by Parliament prior to enactment. Some recommendations are offered toward the achievement of a more balanced approach to the determination of legitimate uses of compulsorily acquired lands in Ghana based on the constitutional governance framework on compulsory acquisition.

О понимании общественного интереса Е. В. Васьковским и о значении его воззрений по этому вопросу для современного права и процесса

The article raises the issue of public interest concept as understood by E. V. Vaskovsky. In particular, it is demonstrated that the scientist proceeded from an idea that such a phenomenon as law exists within social benefit. He associated development of many institutions of law specifically with social needs. The article also provides insight into certain aspects of how E. V. Vaskovsky interpreted the social meaning of various civil law institutions, as well as different restrictions of legal rights to the shared benefit. It is shown that the scientist believed that court activities related to justice administration are of particular social importance. It is also underlined that E. V. Vaskovsky did not equate public and state interests. The author’s reflections on E. V. Vaskovsky’s views and the relevance of his ideas to date are also provided.

Freedom of information and the public interest: the Commonwealth experience

ABSTRACTThis article commences with a discussion of the concept of public interest generally and more specifically within the context of the common law. It then considers the role of public interest tests in the Freedom of information (FOI) legislation of Commonwealth countries and presents a taxonomy of public interest tests in Commonwealth FOI legislation. It concludes by considering the merits of the ground-breaking developments in the approach to public interest tests in Australian FOI law and argues that there are valuable insights to be gained from the experience of this early FOI adopter.

Поняття публічного інтересу у цивільному праві України

Поняття публічного інтересу у цивільному праві України

The conception of public interest in Dutch flood risk management: Untouchable or transforming?

The governance of flood risks varies considerably in different parts of the world. Obviously this is due to the nature and characteristics of flood risks, but in part governance approaches vary because of political differences in the nature of governance itself. What is ‘appropriate’ in this respect depends partly on the prevailing conceptions of the public interest in a country. By applying Alexander’s (2002) categorization of public interest to flood risk management practices in The Netherlands, we show that the strongly unitary conception of the public interest (a historic ‘flood risk safety for all’), is intertwined with a state-based, sector-based, hydro-technical governance and expertise system. Although this conception is very strong it is no longer self-evident. Because of changing conceptions of governance in general and because of the felt necessity to adapt to climate change, Dutch flood risk management is gradually changing. Increasingly, the Dutch government has to deal with more dialogical and utilitarian approaches to public interest in the governance of flood risks. The Dutch approach is rooted in community-based interests in flood protection and was centralized and rationalized during the 19th and 20th century. The current flood risk standards are based upon a coarse utilitarian benefit-cost analysis, but evolved into mostly a unitary idea of national safety materialized in law by statutory flood risk standards. The findings show that this unitary concept and status of the public interest of flood risk safety has not diminished; it must, however, increasingly take into account the importance of both processes of decision making (dialogues, deliberations) and neighboring public interests. We conclude that the Dutch conception of the public interest on flood safety is still strong but nevertheless gradually changing, not the least because of a general availability of the information and technology to calculate and differentiate risks.

The Varying Interpretations of Public Interest: Making Sense of Finnish Urban Planners’ Conceptions

During the past decades, the concept of public interest has been severely criticized. It nevertheless remains to be a key normative reference point against which public planning may be evaluated and justified. The article claims that there are multiple conceptions of public interest that coexist in everyday planning practice. These conceptions are grounded in the age-old debate on the duties of the State. In the article, four different approaches to public interest were recognized on the basis of two dimensions of the concept. These dimensions are individual/collective and regulation/non-regulation. The theoretical assumptions were tested with interview data of Finnish planning professionals. The coexistence of multiple conceptions of public interest was revealed. This ambiguity makes public interest dubious as a rhetorical tool. Without the explication of the discursive context, the concept is largely devoid of meaning. Thus, when truly seeking justification to planning decisions, with reference to “public interest”, the explication of the context and the discursive framework applied is necessary.

Operationalizing the public interest in the local planning context of Serbia

The concept of the public interest has often been revisited within theoretical debates related to the fields of politics, decision making, and planning. While it has been claimed that the public interest should serve as one of the main pillars for decision-making, various authors reject the possibility of its operationalization, describing it as a vague criterion for any empirical analysis. With that in mind, the main aim of this paper is to present the role of the public interest and its long lasting tradition in Serbian planning practice from socialism until today, as well as its operational dimensions in relation to the specific post-socialist planning context. This paper will first briefly discuss the nature of the public interest concept in relation to planning. It will go on to present some of the socio-economic aspects of Serbian socialist and post-socialist planning practice, so as to better understand the local context in which the public interest is framed. Finally, it will propose the dimensions of planning practice in which the public interest is articulated. The findings were derived from the analysis of the role of the public interest in planning theory, planning practice, and the Serbian legal planning framework.

Klauzula generalna interesu społecznego w postępowaniu administracyjnym, sądowoadministracyjnym oraz egzekucyjnym w administracji

<p>Autorzy opracowania skupili swe rozważania na klauzuli generalnej interesu społecznego w ogólnym postępowaniu administracyjnym, postępowaniu sądowoadministracyjnym oraz postępowaniu egzekucyjnym w administracji. W ten sposób otrzymali kompleksową, aczkolwiek ograniczoną ze względu na ramy opracowania, analizę funkcji tej klauzuli w podstawowych postępowaniach systemu procedury administracyjnej. Artykuł wyjaśnia skomplikowane pojęcie interesu społecznego oraz jego stosunek do pojęcia interesu publicznego. Podkreślenia wymaga, że oba pojęcia występują choćby w przepisach kodeksu postępowania administracyjnego. Przedmiotem rozważań autorzy uczynili również kwestie dotyczące możliwości zaistnienia kolizji między interesem społecznym a interesem indywidualnym.</p>

Tightrope walking towards maximising secondary uses of digitised health data: A qualitative study

BackgroundTimely progress with attaining benefits from Health Information Technology (HIT) investments requires UK policymakers and others to negotiate challenges in developing structures and processes to catalyse the trustworthy secondary uses...