Concept Of Object Research Articles

Rigor and objectivity as foundations of the rationality of physics in Evandro Agazzi

In current epistemology, there are two opposing attitudes towards the empirical sciences. Onthe one hand, they appear as an essential tool for the advancement of knowledge. On the otherhand, there is doubt about the metaphysical and epistemological bases of this confidence inscientific knowledge, which has led science down paths of skepticism and pragmatism. This paper aims to contribute philosophically to the rationality and ontological status of physics, taking as a starting point some works of the philosopher of science Evandro Agazzi. The article presented hereintroduces Agazzi’s thought and the core issues of his epistemology. It then defines the concepts of rigor and objectivity as understood by Agazzi, and finally establishes criteria of rigor and objectivity for physics, showing how they are verified in two classical experiments. Based on these ideas, it is shown that physics, as the science it is, has criteria of rigor and objectivity that allow it to effectively reach the real, thus responding to the formalist and pragmatist challenge. Thus, the article does notexhaust itself in a description of Agazzi’s thought, but will apply his ideas to the concrete field of physics, making explicit ideas that have not been sufficiently made explicit by the Italian philosopher.

Что отличает традиционную индийскую эпистемическую культуру от классической эпистемической культуры Запада?

The paper presented to the reader’s attention pursues two goals. The first is a substantiation of the productivity of the concept “epistemic culture” (hereinafter – EC) as a tool of historico-philosophical intercultural research by the example of its application to the interpretation of the meanings of Indian logico-epistemological texts. The second is a demonstration of differences in understanding the purposes and ideals of cognition in traditional Indian EC, and in the Western classical EC with its scientific orientation. Wholeness of the foundations of traditional theoretical knowledge in India, and the leading role of religion in the process of its elaboration (1) led to a different understanding of the aims (2) and ideals (3) of cognition than those which took shape in Western theoretical knowledge, and which became the basis of the scientific revolution of the XVII century. The absence of the concept of the Divine Reason in Indian culture also prevented the formation in EC of the concepts of absolute (4) and objective (5) truth, human reason (6) and rationality (7) as criteria for the truth results of cognition. Indian philosophers placed the superintelligent comprehension (anubhava, pratibhāsa) (8) of the supreme truth (paramārtha) at the top of the hierarchy of cognitive abilities. The eight listed features of the Indian EC determined significant differences in the orientations of civilizational development in India and in the West: invariable orientation to the life “according to dharma”, getting rid of the suffering of the material world – in the Indian civilization, and to a material prosperous life based on technogenic development – in the West from the modernity.

Implementation Draft Programming Oriented Objects in Parking System Application using Language Programming Java

The development of Information Technology has become increasingly rapid. Many agencies or companies that have used information systems for operations processes that manually become an automated and integrated system. One of which is a parking system. In Indonesia there are still many vehicle day care stations that use a parking system manually. This makes the parking attendant unfamiliar with the price set and the lengths of time parked the vehicle and make it difficult in the process of calculating the report of parked vehicles. For this reason, an integrated parking system is needed so that it can be applied to manual vehicle storage. So in making the parking system uses the concept of programming. The concept of the program to be used is the concept of Object Oriented Programming with the Java programming language and the editor uses Netbeans 8.2 to run the program. The method in conducting this research is to use 2 methods, namely the method for collecting data with the description method and the method for developing a waterfall system. With the parking system will provide convenience for parking users and also make efficient parking attendant performance. So expect speed, and accuracy in collecting vehicle parking at a vehicle storage in Indonesia.

Return to the Mental Interpretation of the Nature of Life

Bringing consciousness into the realm of the mind and returning the mind to the essence of life, the core is how to place the self of life. It is necessary to provide answers within the realm of the central intelligence of life and explore its natural realization in order to overcome the difficulty of consciousness. Firstly, in our view, consciousness is merely a common interpretation of the state of the mind, which is essentially integrated into life and contained in life traits. Therefore, the interpretation of the mind should be projected onto the characteristics of life itself and project onto phenomena. Understanding the mind also requires solving some basic problems and establishing interpretation norms: firstly, the basis of argument is to establish three classification concepts for objects in the sense of structure function: non self energy system, self energy system, and quasi self energy system, in order to determine a sphere of existence for life and the central intelligence of life, and to explain the available effects and spiritual phenomena of the mind; Secondly, in order to overcome the problem of the use of names for the detriment of the meaning of the word, issues such as mind and intelligence, mind and brain in mental understanding were distinguished, and the real-life experiences of consciousness were questioned. The problems in the understanding of mind such as mind and intelligence, mind and brain, and traces the reality of what happens to consciousness. Then, a summary statement was made on the occurrence and evolution of life, as well as the spiritual phenomena that arise with the supply and use effect of the mind. From the perspective of availability, based on the biological value of life control, the sense of dependence on motion, the functionality of memory, image and image flow editing, and self reflection and self illumination, the possible abilities of the mind were stated.

«Тонкие» объекты Эйстейна Линнебо: проблема референции

Introduction. The introduction formulates the problem of abstract objects for the philosophy of mathematics, epistemology, and metaphysics. Special attention is paid to the problem of reference. Theoretical analysis. The first section examines Linnebo’s proposed concept of abstract objects as “thin” i.e., not imposing substantial demands on the world. The second section is devoted to the criteria of identity as a special tool for introducing abstract objects into discourse. Linnebo interprets abstraction principles as a particular kind of identity criteria. They allow fixing reference and ensuring its success. The third section presents metasemantic arguments used by Linnebo to justify the preference for a realistic interpretation of the semantics of singular terms. The fourth section criticizes Linnebo’s proposed mechanism of referential access to abstract “thin” objects. In our view, the metasemantic constraints proposed by Linnebo are insufficient to determine the uniqueness of the referent. An additional principle is necessary. Lewis’s “referential magnetism” can be considered as such, but it threatens the concept of “thin” objects. Conclusion. In conclusion, the strengths of Linnebo’s project are acknowledged. His interpretation better reflects how we actually use language. The importance of Linnebo’s theses and ideas for contemporary philosophy is noted.

IMPLEMENTATION OF TPACK-BASED LEARNING DESIGN ON THE ROTATING OBJECT CONCEPT

This study aims to implement a learning design based on technological pedagogical and content knowledge (TPACK) on the concept of rotating object. The research subjects were students of class XII IPA SMAK Santo Bonaventura Madiun. The data were obtained from observations and student test results in completing the concept of rotating object. This research is a development research. Mathematics is still considered a difficult subject by some students. For elementary and middle school level mathematics, it is still possible to deliver it based on students' experiences in everyday life. For the senior high school level, the concept of rotating object is difficult to imagine because it requires a higher understanding. Therefore, it is necessary to design learning that can provide direct experience to students. TPACK is learning that uses a combined application of an education system that prioritizes technology and certain applications (content) in learning. In implementing TPACK-based learning, there are several things to pay attention to, namely aspects of pedagogy, content, and technology. The findings of this study indicate an increase in student learning outcomes in the rotating object concept

Formation, Nature and Structure of the Concept

A person perceives the surrounding world through sensory organs. The received information is conceptualized in his (her) cognitive world, gets a name, and when it is realized, it is conveyed through that name or names. Concepts are gradually formed, enriched by taking on new shades of meaning. According to the characteristics of formation and the level of complexity, they are 1) objective and 2) abstract. Concepts with objects arise in the mind basing on the information received directly through the sensory organs and appear in the form of an image of a specific object and event. The second group of concepts arises on the basis of later, object concepts in human thinking. Keywords: concept, nature, mind, structure, language, information

Integrated Data Processing Architecture Applied to Learning Objects Repository for Educational Robotics: Proposing Approach

Educational Robotics has emerged as a multidisciplinary field integrating Information and Communication Technologies, Engineering, and Artificial Intelligence areas in education. Furthermore, Educational Robotics offers an innovative approach to teaching and learning by incorporating the construction and programming of robots. However, the small number of platforms for sharing Educational Robotics Learning Objects with a large amount of well-described metadata poses a challenge for efficient search and retrieval of relevant educational content. This study presents an architecture for data processing and ingestion in the RepositORE system, a Learning Objects Repository for Educational Robotics that stores educational content and associated metadata based on the Dublin Core standard. Based on microservices architecture, the proposed system aims to facilitate the location and reuse of learning objects by adapting the RepositORE system to work as a client service. The theoretical framework explores the concepts of learning objects, repositories, and the significance of Educational Robotics in education, and reviews related works. The proposed architecture and system can potentially enhance the accessibility and discoverability of Educational Robotics Learning Objects, fostering effective teaching and learning experiences.

APPLICATION OF INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES IN MEMORY OBJECTS ON THE EXAMPLE OF THE TERRITORY OF BABYN YAR

The article is dedicated to researching the possibilities of interaction of modern information and communication technologies with objects of memory, which in the long term will remain the main examples of architectural and sculptural means for immortalizing certain figures, events, circumstances in Ukrainian society, primarily related to the military aggression of the Russian Federation. The relevance of this topic also lies in local familiarization with modern multimedia techniques and information methods, with the help of which it is now possible to emotionally influence the observer and more fully and clearly convey a certain message of a significant place or building. An overview of the currently available studies that fully or tangentially touch on the raised issues has been conducted. The essence of the concept of the research object and its basic provisions are formulated. Significant installations and places of the territory of the National Historical and Memorial Reserve «Babyn Yar» are described in detail, which serve as reference points, samples, based on which conclusions are formed regarding the quality and feasibility of using information technologies. The material on memory objects has been analyzed and synthesized, which can become an impetus for further research and a basis for the creation of memorials and monuments of various types. Еhe use of information and communication technologies in the process of functional-spatial formation of memory objects is the latest effective method for the most complete preservation and the brightest, most expedient delivery of information, strengthening the impression of a place, expressing the composition, etc.

Rethinking organizational culture in intersectoral coordination: the perspective of boundary work

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to rethink the concept of organizational culture as something that emerges bottom-up by using the sociological concepts of boundary object and boundary work as an analytical lens and to show how this approach can help understand and facilitate intersectoral coordination.Design/methodology/approachWe used observations and qualitative interviews to develop “deep” knowledge about processes of intersectoral coordination. The study draws on a conceptual framework of “boundary work” and “boundary objects” to show how a bottom-up perspective on organizational culture can produce better understanding of and pave the way for intersectoral coordination. We use a case of health professionals engaged in two Danish intersectoral programs developing and providing health promotion services for women with gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM).FindingsThe study showed how boundary work revolves around negotiations on how to define, understand and act on the diagnosis of GDM. This diagnosis has the characteristics of a “boundary object”, being more loosely structured in general terms, but strongly structured in local settings. Boundary objects help connect different professionals and facilitate coordination. The analysis showed how the introduction of time and the concept of “lifelong health promotion” helped to transgress existing organizational and professional boundaries.Research limitations/implicationsThe findings contribute to the literature on organizational culture and intersectoral coordination. We highlight the benefits of a practice-oriented, bottom-up perspective for a better understanding of how shared meaning is produced in cross professional coordination and collaboration. While the theoretical implications will be general applicable when studying organizational culture, the implications for practice are sensitive to context and the processes we have described as the outcomes of boundary work are generated from cases that were most likely to provide deep insight into our research topic.Practical implicationsFor practice this can build bridges between organizational and professional boundaries.Originality/valueThe findings contribute to the literature on organizational culture and intersectoral coordination. We highlight the benefits of a practice-oriented, bottom-up perspective for a better understanding of how shared meaning is produced in cross professional coordination. This may build bridges between organizational and professional boundaries in practice settings.

Уголовно-правовое значение экономической деятельности при теоретическом моделировании уголовного закона

The article conducts a comprehensive theoretical and applied study of the universal criminal law category “object of criminal law protection” as a basic concept for the formation of a theoretical model of criminal law protection. The author determines what should be understood by the object of criminal legal protection in the process of theoretical modeling of the criminal law, distinguishes the definition in question from related concepts, and identifies two functional meanings of the object of criminal legal protection - actual and normative. The identification of a general category - an object of criminal legal protection allows us to formulate proposals on the concept and classification of the specific object of crimes in the field of economic activity, which can be used as the basis for the structure and content of the criminal law on liability for economic crimes.

In Our Mind's Eye: Thinkable and Unthinkable, and Classical and Quantum in Fundamental Physics, with Schrödinger's Cat Experiment.

This article reconsiders E. Schrödinger's cat paradox experiment from a new perspective, grounded in the interpretation of quantum mechanics that belongs to the class of interpretations designated as "reality without realism" (RWR) interpretations. These interpretations assume that the reality ultimately responsible for quantum phenomena is beyond conception, an assumption designated as the Heisenberg postulate. Accordingly, in these interpretations, quantum physics is understood in terms of the relationships between what is thinkable and what is unthinkable, with, physical, classical, and quantum, corresponding to thinkable and unthinkable, respectively. The role of classical physics becomes unavoidable in quantum physics, the circumstance designated as the Bohr postulate, which restores to classical physics its position as part of fundamental physics, a position commonly reserved for quantum physics and relativity. This view of quantum physics and relativity is maintained by this article as well but is argued to be sufficient for understanding fundamental physics. Establishing this role of classical physics is a distinctive contribution of the article, which allows it to reconsider Schrödinger's cat experiment, but has a broader significance for understanding fundamental physics. RWR interpretations have not been previously applied to the cat experiment, including by N. Bohr, whose interpretation, in its ultimate form (he changed it a few times), was an RWR interpretation. The interpretation adopted in this article follows Bohr's interpretation, based on the Heisenberg and Bohr postulates, but it adds the Dirac postulate, stating that the concept of a quantum object only applies at the time of observation and not independently.

Stories as Boundary Objects: Digital Storytelling with Migrant Communities for Heritage Discourses

Heritage is a dynamic concept, being constantly redefined by those that value it. Modern approaches to heritage bring focus to participatory processes that put communities at the centre of the heritage discourse. For migrant communities, these participatory processes can show the tension of integration versus identity, as migrants integrating into their host country can maintain, adapt or loose connections to their cultural identity. Digital storytelling platforms can offer space for exposing such tensions. In this paper, storytelling is adopted as a practice to engage three communities of migrants (with different socio-cultural contexts) on their relation to heritage. Through workshops, participants created 78 stories (accessible through a Digital Storytelling platform), which were thematically analysed. Using the concept of boundary objects, we discuss how participant's stories reflect heritage discourse and how they are entangled within the wider social, economic, and environmental context.

Concept of Operations as Epistemic Object: The Sociotechnical Design Roles of a Systems Engineering Document

When large, complex interorganizational collaborations create new systems, they must discover how the system should work and how it should integrate into the overall organizational milieu. These collaborations must also draw upon and accommodate a host of processes and resources. In this paper, we present results from a qualitative case study of a key policy and process document for a large design project for a civic traffic management system that must serve multiple organizations and government agencies. The document is one common to systems engineering, but less familiar to CSCW: the Concept of Operations (ConOps). We describe the sociotechnical design functions of the ConOps. We also analyze the document and its developmental process using Ewenstein and Whyte's concept of epistemic objects," which has been useful for CSCW and design research scholars to understand the roles artifacts play in the messy processes of design and cooperative work. We find that the ConOps exhibits many qualities of an epistemic object and supports the deeply integrated work of "designing" both the system and the interorganizational collaboration itself. We then explore avenues for future research in similarly complex infrastructural design settings.

Missed Opportunities for Human-Centered AI Research: Understanding Stakeholder Collaboration in Mental Health AI Research

In the mental health domain, patient engagement is key to designing human-centered technologies. CSCW and HCI researchers have delved into various facets of collaboration in AI research; however, previous research neglects the individuals who both produce the data and will be most impacted by the resulting technologies, such as patients. This study examines how interdisciplinary researchers and mental health patients who donate their data for AI research collaborate and how we can improve human-centeredness in mental health AI research. We interviewed patient participants, AI researchers, and clinical researchers in a federally funded mental health AI research project. We used the concept of boundary objects to understand stakeholder collaboration. Our findings reveal that the social media data provided by patient participants functioned as boundary objects that facilitated stakeholder collaboration. Although the collaboration appeared to be successful, we argue that building consensus, or understanding each other's perspectives, can improve the human-centeredness of mental health AI research. Based on the findings, we provide suggestions for human-centered mental health AI research, working with data donors as domain experts, making invisible work visible, and privacy implications.

Objects as human bodies: cross-linguistic colexifications between words for body parts and objects

Abstract Many languages have words that denote a human body part and an object, for example, hand, which refers to a part of a person and a watch. As of yet, there is no systematic study on the distribution of these shared names, i.e., colexifications, between two concrete semantic domains in a variety of languages. Here, I present a study that investigates colexifications between body and object concepts, i.e., body-object colexifications. By using a newly established workflow, colexifications are automatically extracted based on a seed list containing 134 body concepts and 650 object concepts. The analysis focuses on the frequency, distribution, cognitive relations, and coincidental cases of 78 body-object colexifications occurring across 396 language varieties. The results show that some body-object colexifications are widespread, but most occur in a small number of language varieties. By creating a network structure to examine individual relations and additionally comparing ratings of visual and haptic perception across concepts, the study indicates that the similarity of visual perception plays a central role in the emergence of body-object colexifications. The findings provide a first general overview of the phenomenon and offer ample opportunities for future research.

Causal learning by infants and young children: From computational theories to language practices.

Causal reasoning-the ability to reason about causal relations between events-is fundamental to understanding how the world works. This paper reviews two prominent theories on early causal learning and offers possibilities for theory bridging. Both theories grow out of computational modeling and have significant areas of overlap while differing in several respects. Explanation-Based Learning (EBL) focuses on young infants' learning about causal concepts of physical objects and events, whereas Bayesian models have been used to describe causal reasoning beyond infancy across various concept domains. Connecting the two models offers a more integrated approach to clarifying the developmental processes in causal reasoning from early infancy through later childhood. We further suggest that everyday language practices offer a promising space for theory bridging. We provide a review of selective work on caregiver-child conversations, in particular, on the use of scaffolding language including causal talk and pedagogical questions. Linking the research on language practices to the two cognitive theories, we point out directions for further research to integrate EBL and Bayesian models and clarify how causal learning unfolds in real life. This article is categorized under: Psychology > Learning Cognitive Biology > Cognitive Development.

Detecting Hidden and Irrelevant Objectives in Interactive Multiobjective Optimization

Evolutionary multi-objective optimization algorithms (EMOAs) typically assume that all objectives that are relevant to the decision-maker (DM) are optimized by the EMOA. In some scenarios, however, there are irrelevant objectives that are optimized by the EMOA but ignored by the DM, as well as, hidden objectives that the DM considers when judging the utility of solutions but are not optimized. This discrepancy between the EMOA and the DM’s preferences may impede the search for the most-preferred solution and waste resources evaluating irrelevant objectives. Research on objective reduction has focused so far on the structure of the problem and correlations between objectives and neglected the role of the DM. We formally define here the concepts of irrelevant and hidden objectives and propose methods for detecting them, based on uni-variate feature selection and recursive feature elimination, that use the preferences already elicited when a DM interacts with a ranking-based interactive EMOA (iEMOA). We incorporate the detection methods into an iEMOA capable of dynamically switching the objectives being optimized. Our experiments show that this approach can efficiently identify which objectives are relevant to the DM and reduce the number of objectives being optimized, while keeping and often improving the utility, according to the DM, of the best solution found.

Subjective Modality and Means of its Expression in a Journalistic Style

This article is dedicated to the study of one of the categories of the sentence — modality. Many domestic linguists define this category as the attitude of the speaker to reality. Representing a complex phenomenon,it does not have a clear definition and according to many linguists requires clarification. The article presents the main provisions from the works of V. V. Vinogradov, who compiled a voluminous list of means denoting modal meanings, and G. A. Zolotova. The definition of the concepts of objective and subjective modality is given according to the «Russian grammar» (of 1980) and the «Linguistic encyclopedic dictionary». The means of expressing subjective modality are analyzed in journalistic style texts by means of an example of online newspaper «Culture». Cases of expression are identified and considered at the level of simple and complex sentences. It is noted that the subjective modality is associated with the use of lexical repetition, phrases, introductory words, separate, interjections, words that cause desire, possibility, intention or non-union complex sentences, complex sentences, unions and allied words. It was found in the article that the subjective modality is mostly expressed by using units of lexical and syntactic levels.

Gauging non-invertible symmetries: topological interfaces and generalized orbifold groupoid in 2d QFT

Gauging is a powerful operation on symmetries in quantum field theory (QFT), as it connects distinct theories and also reveals hidden structures in a given theory. We initiate a systematic investigation of gauging discrete generalized symmetries in two-dimensional QFT. Such symmetries are described by topological defect lines (TDLs) which obey fusion rules that are non-invertible in general. Despite this seemingly exotic feature, all well-known properties in gauging invertible symmetries carry over to this general setting, which greatly enhances both the scope and the power of gauging. This is established by formulating generalized gauging in terms of topological interfaces between QFTs, which explains the physical picture for the mathematical concept of algebra objects and associated module categories over fusion categories that encapsulate the algebraic properties of generalized symmetries and their gaugings. This perspective also provides simple physical derivations of well-known mathematical theorems in category theory from basic axiomatic properties of QFT in the presence of such interfaces. We discuss a bootstrap-type analysis to classify such topological interfaces and thus the possible generalized gaugings and demonstrate the procedure in concrete examples of fusion categories. Moreover we present a number of examples to illustrate generalized gauging and its properties in concrete conformal field theories (CFTs). In particular, we identify the generalized orbifold groupoid that captures the structure of fusion between topological interfaces (equivalently sequential gaugings) as well as a plethora of new self-dualities in CFTs under generalized gaugings.