Concept Of Unification Research Articles

Analysis on the issue of hijri taqwim development from the perspective of fiqh methods and the impact on the unification of the Ummah.

Unifying the concept of hijri taqwim is urgently needed nowadays in order to reunite the ummah. This is due to the fact that the variety of taqwim methods has posed differences in determining the beginning the new moon, as happened in the celebration of Eids Fitri this year in Indonesia. Muslims in one country and internationally are separated because of the unified taqwim system, so they often carry out various dates of prayer at different times’. This study is a qualitative study which will examine how the application of maqasid shar'iyah and selected methods summarized in the Main Fiqh Methods in hilal issues and the unification of hijri taqwim. This study will analyze some of the minor methods of the five major fiqh methods. This study found that Unifying ummah in taqwim is indeed a call written in the Qur’an and Hadith’ and Its compatibility with the fiqh methods means that it strengthens the validity, so its necessity for realization the unification of taqwim. This study also finds the Rukyah Muhaqaqah method suitable to provide a solution of the differences method in determining new moon. The method of Rukyah Muhaqaqah combines maqasid sharia as the first guideline and also technology use to realize a simple and high quality method of taqwim.
 Keywords: Concept of Unification of the Ummah, Taqwim System and Fiqh Methods

통일의 당위성 교육 비판

This article aimed at finding the decisive cause of the weakening of will to unification within the educations on the dangweesung(Sollen/justification) of unification itself. To do so, first, based on Kant, this article conceptualized the dangweesung as the logical necessity between ideas and as the categorical imperative. Second, by examining the discourses on the dangweesung of unification could be classified such as nationalism, pragmatism and universalism and their bases, this article showed that these had logical defects, limitations, and characteristics so did not conform to the dangweesung. And it showed as well that such could be the decisive cause of the weakening of will to unification. Third, inspired from Kant who thought of ethics as philosophy on the law of freedom, this article proposed that the redefinition of freedom as self-directed activeness and arbitrariness of soul based on Aristotle after examining the theories on freedom fulfills Kant’s notion of dangweesung. In conclusion, it argued that the redefinition of freedom has the logical necessity on the concept of unification, thus should be the aim of the educations for unification.

Unification of assemblies and units of sophistic technical complexes and systems

Unification means homogeneity based on a rational reduction in the number of types, types, and dimensions of products) of the same functional purpose. In the standards, standardisation is reflected in the size series, from which the main technical characteristics and rational parameters are derived. In the existing literature, there are different interpretations of the concept of unification of machines, products, parts; the available formulations are not contradictory, but are not exhaustive, as they do not cover the full range of tasks solved by unification. A prerequisite for unification is the development and approval of a prospective series of types and dimensions of products of similar purpose. The prospective size range of similar products should be considered approved only if it is included in the current standard.

France and the Kingdom of SCS at the Peace Conference in Paris .

The international position of the Kingdom of Serbs, Croats and Slovenes in the post-war period was extremely difficult and complex. This was primarily due to the issues related to the dynamics and the very concept of unification of South Slavs, but also because of the situation on the European continent as a whole, which once again faced the redrawing of borders as a consequence of the disappearance of great empires – the Russian Empire, the Ottoman Empire, the Austro-Hungarian dual monarchy, and the German Empire – and the emergence of new states. In such a turbulent period, political leaders and diplomats of the common state of Southern Slavs, which was founded on December 1, 1918, were expected to use the Paris Peace Conference to search for new diplomatic alliances, as well as to preserve the traditional ones, the alliance with France in particular. The representatives of the Kingdom had to strike a balance between abiding by the wishes and demands of the great powers and defending national interests, with the primary goal being to preserve the territories that the Kingdom of Serbia, as a victor of the Great War, liberated and united.

Existence of Solutions for Coupled Higher-Order Fractional Integro-Differential Equations with Nonlocal Integral and Multi-Point Boundary Conditions Depending on Lower-Order Fractional Derivatives and Integrals

In this article, we investigate the existence and uniqueness of solutions for a nonlinear coupled system of Liouville–Caputo type fractional integro-differential equations supplemented with non-local discrete and integral boundary conditions. The nonlinearity relies both on the unknown functions and their fractional derivatives and integrals in the lower order. The consequence of existence is obtained utilizing the alternative of Leray–Schauder, while the result of uniqueness is based on the concept of Banach contraction mapping. We introduced the concept of unification in the present work with varying parameters of the multi-point and classical integral boundary conditions. With the help of examples, the main results are well demonstrated.

Понятие унификации предварительного расследования в свете многомерности идеи унификации

The article discusses approaches to understanding the unification of the preliminary investigation. According to the author, the concept of unification can have different interpretations. The initial understanding of unification, as bringing the form to unity, is quite applicable to understanding the unification of individual institutions, proceedings and the entire judicial process as a whole. Such a view helps to better understand the dialectical connection of unification and differentiation, to imagine their interrelated phenomena.

Koneczny a Fukuyama. Szkic porównawczy

The article compares the views of the Polish philosopher of civilisation, Feliks Koneczny with the American political philosopher and political scientist, Francis Fukuyama. Koneczny is a conservative, while Fukuyama is a liberal, but there are great similarities in their concepts of the world’s major civilisations. Their views on national identity are also similar. The author considers Koneczny’s concept of pluralism of civilisations compared to Fukuyama’s concept of unification of the world by liberal democracy as the main difference between the two scholars.

Данте Алигьери и эпоха Рисорджименто: религиозный аспект исторической связи

<p>Religious viewpoints occupied a special place in the revolutionary-democratic theory of Giuseppe Mazzini, a well-known political and social activist considered to be among the chief ideologues of Risorgimento. La Giovine Italia<em> («Young Italy»), </em>the organization established by Mazzini, had as its slogan «Dio e Libertà!» — <em>«God and Liberty!». </em>To demonstrate how important it is to study the religious aspect of the Italian unification concept in this article, the author made a brief excursion into the history and etymology of the word that named the era in question, with the following corollary: <em>Risorgimento </em>is synonymous with <em>Rinascimento, </em>it is a vague allusion to Jesus Christ’s Resurrection. Additionally, the historical personage of 13<sup>th</sup>-century Italian poet Dante Alighieri had a profound influence on the formation of national thought about a free and unified state: Dante’s so-called cult has been evolved. His philosophical treatises «The Convivio» and «De Monarchia» are used when analyzing Dante’s views on the idea of Italy’s unification. Such concepts — both Mazzini’s and Alighieri’s — are concluded to be seen in a utopian context.</p>

Конституционные социальные права в странах Европейского союза. Теоретические положения и проблемы реализации

Introduction. Social rights belong to the second generation of human rights and freedoms, they ensure social security, all-round development of the individual. They are widely represented in the national legislation of the countries of the European Union, primarily in the relevant legislation. However, the same cannot be said about constitutional law, which is associated with different approaches of legal scholars and proven practices in the legal regulation of the implementation of social guarantees in a particular state. The methodological basis of the work was formed by general scientific and special legal research methods. Theoretical analysis. In the scientific European literature there is no single approach to the definition of basic social rights, their essence, types, legal consequences. Moreover, there are fundamentally opposite points of view about the need for their recognition and consolidation at the constitutional level. Thus, the discussion is on in individual states and the European Union as a whole. In the legal doctrine of a number of countries, for example Germany, broad and narrow approaches are used to define social rights. At the same time, at the pan-European level, a broad approach is mainly used, which draws attention to the presence of social guarantees in the Constitutions and, accordingly, state target programs of a social orientation. Empirical analysis. In general, the Constitutions of the EU countries enshrine certain social rights, which may differ in the actual form of their expression in constitutional acts. This form depends on legal approaches, traditions, historical path, economic and political experience of the state. Meanwhile, the point of view about the need to recognize social rights at the highest level, despite the existing criticism, became decisive during their subsequent inclusion in the Charter of Fundamental Rights of the European Union. Results. The working document of the European Parliament distinguishes between three systems for integrating social rights into the Basic Law: liberal (for example, Austria), moderate (for example, Germany) and southern European (typical of Spain, Italy, Portugal, Greece). At the same time, the comparison shows that for the realization of the rights of the second and third generations, constitutional consolidation is not enough; a socio-political consensus is needed, reflected through the normative legal acts adopted by the legislative body. In the European Union, attempts are being made to expand social guarantees, which face the rejection of the concept of unification of social rights by individual member states.

The Use of Capital Computer-mediated Communication Expressions in the Non-Capital Cities as a Sign of Language Unification

Recent researches on computer-mediated communication (CMC) have focused mainly on linguistic analysis for the different types of internet chats. This study observes the differences in chats between the informal social chat and the formal chat by Iraqi university non-capital informants. The difference is on their use of capital and non-capital expressions. The location of the experiment is the University of Sumer. The research focuses upon the capital and non-capital expressions used at the university community depending upon 9 variables for 97 samples. The data reveals that there is a distinction between university and non-university chat on their capital expressions usage: (Laad, Aady, Hello, Dez, Mnower, Shakbark, Wyaya, Ok and Bye), at the non-capital area. Moreover, data shows that there is a distinction between university chat at the university community and their chat outside the university community. This study observes the written chats of the Iraqi university informants: students, teaching staff, and employees. The study sample is random using social media such as Viber, Facebook and WhatsApp. This is to observe that how the public and private atmospheres participate in language change to be unified at the time of the social networking use. Although they did not use certain expressions at their real life or informal chat, it is explored that how much they used the capital expressions in the non-capital areas. The study manages a quantitative and statistical analysis and investigates the use of capital expressions by users from the noncapital inhabitants’ background. Results of the study revealled that the university informants elude to use the capital expressions at the university atmosphere in the non-capital areas. It also reflects the fact that the use of capital expressions in the non-capital areas is a clear sign for the language unification concept.

Theoretical aspect of unification of legislation.

The article examines the theoretical aspect of unification and its impact on the effectiveness of legislation. It is noted that regardless of the place of creation, the legislative process has always been and remains a difficult task, the solution of which requires a comprehensive approach. Unification is studied from a philological and legal point of view. It is emphasized that unification has been actively studied with the development of international organizations, and is an effective way to regulate legislation and integration into the international legal space, as expressed in the joint cooperation of different countries through the adoption of similar legal acts. It is now widespread in the legal systems of countries such as Denmark, Sweden, Finland, where maritime, trade, contractual, binding legislation, etc. are unified. Unification directly affects the quality of legislation, as well as contributes to the convergence of legal systems. In general, it can be described as a way of converging legal systems by forming a uniform legal regulation within the relevant legal space. The points of view of legal scholars on the definition of the concept of unification of legislation are considered. Unification is characterized as a process of streamlining legislation in order to uniformly regulate social relations in different legal systems. Emphasis is placed on the mandatory implementation of unified norms in the domestic law of the state. Key words: unification of legislation, legal regulation, implementation, system of legislation.

Deep Integration and Topological Cohabitation of Active Circuits and Antennas for Power Amplification and Radiation in Standard CMOS

In this article, a densely integrated and unified paralleled amplifier and antenna architecture is proposed and demonstrated for next-generation millimeter-wave (mmW) and terahertz (THz) front-end modules. It makes use of topologically paralleled transistors cohabitated within a compact rectangular patch antenna (CRPA) as a unified cell. This design simultaneously amplifies and radiates power without resorting to any power divider, input and output matching networks, or power combiner whatsoever, therefore, greatly reducing front-end loss, size, and complexity. Then, the unified unit cell is self-consistently distributed to form a unified planar array with active elements between array elements as power feeders. In this demonstration, the input power is sequentially amplified, radiated through each array element, and spatially added up, resulting in low on-board circuit losses and efficient radiation. In this article, we investigate and present challenges and early results of implementing this unification concept of active circuitry and antenna at mmW frequencies. Using a standard 65-nm CMOS process, a set of chips were designed, fabricated, and tested under different amplifier biasing conditions at 146 GHz for experimental demonstration. The realized low-loss, matched, and compact unified prototypes have demonstrated an amplified radiation, with power enhancement of 3.4 dB through single element and 6 dB through 2 × 2 layout compared to their respective passive counterparts. Moreover, frequency tuning is observed varying drain bias and self-matching is improved with increasing gate bias. Therefore, the feasibility of a unique feature in the architectural implementation of low-loss, compact, and densely integrated and topologically cohabitated mmW and THz front-end modules is confirmed.

Architecture between Islamic thought and the phenomenon of deconstruct

"What inspires the learner or scholar in the field of architecture, as a need to satisfy, is the ability of the architect to deal with many of the architectural trends at the same time through the identification and investment in the creation of architectural configurations acceptable or have the balance among many architects. This approach has united the idea that architecture originated from a single source connected to man and his continuous quest to create an acceptable and acceptable environment. What interested the research is dealing with the Islamization of deconstruct architecture. The research found the emerged from the architecture of deconstruct has achieved disjointed products of interpretation has been struck with the intention of the concept of unification in the architecture of Islam by abolishing the social concept and the impact of this in the creation of a unified architecture. While dealing with the texts shown in the Quran has achieved deconstruct as a purification of information by dealing with the phenomenon of production, it maintains its composition and do not deal with the deconstructive vision common to them. Or the circumference of the phenomenon as manipulated by the deconstruction through a distortion of the apparent configurations."

Improving healthcare through process standardization: a general hospital case study

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to analyze two process standardization theoretical conceptual constructs: process variants unification; and distinction between standard, routine and non-routine processes.Design/methodology/approachThe authors analyze two conceptual constructs based on a single case study representing a general hospital’s (GH) process standardization, approach and results. The authors research whether process standardization implemented in a GH conforms to the process variants unification concept approach and its assumed benefits and whether implemented process standardization enables process management improvement based on distinguishing standard, routine and non-routine processes.FindingsIn accordance with the process variants unification conceptual construct, the hospital task force determined a uniform basic patient comprehensive treatment process at the hospital level, which allows synergy among departments. Uniform process activities reflect the differences between standard, routine and non-routine processes.Practical implicationsProcess standardization through unification improves performance by establishing a common framework enabling shared experience based on improved process understanding. Distinguishing standard, routine and non-routine processes is useful for analyzing process management. This distinction provides guidelines for process implementation and measurement improvement. The paper also shows that increased routinization and standardization represent levers for process improvement.Originality/valueThe authors analyze theoretical constructs based on a single case study and confirm that theoretical conceptual construct application can provide better process management, which is important for practitioners.

Evaluation of mixture swirl in the cylinder chamber in a conceptual system with combustion surrounded by inactive gases

Internal combustion engines have seen a reduction of the dynamics of their efficiency growth in recent years. All kinds of new modifications and changes introduced in this field can only manage changes of engine efficiency at the level of a fraction of a percent. Considering the concept of unification of SI and CI internal combustion engine structures, one can expect to see their efficiency increase by the reduction of losses, whose causes and occurrence is commonly known. The improvement of the combustion system is mainly related to the reduction of thermal losses generated in this process. Therefore, the current issue is the advanced analysis of any possibilities of improving the combustion conditions and more fully understanding the processes that accompany them. The authors of the article see such a possibility in the conceptual control of the combustion process, which aims to obtain a combustible mixture surrounded by nonflammable gases. This way the flame contact with the cylinder walls is limited, which should in turn contribute to reducing the heat exchange with the walls. This research is a continuation of previous research work; current work focuses on determining the actual distribution of gases in the combustion chamber using the advanced shadow photography method. The article specifies the effect of nonflammable gas injection pressure increase on the area of the boundary layer formed between the non-flammable gases and cylinder walls.

КОНЦЕПТУАЛЬНІ ЗАСАДИ УНІФІКАЦІЇ ДЕРЖАВНИХ МЕХАНІЗМІВ ЩОДО ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СОЦІАЛЬНО- ЕКОНОМІЧНОЇ БЕЗПЕКИ

The conceptual bases of unification of the state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine are created in the article. The modern world economy forms the system, which relies on groups of the interconnected political and economic factors. In this regard the phenomenon when certain economic, social or political processes appear locally but extend to all world social and economic system is even more often observed. Accordingly, the identification of prerequisites and factors of ensuring of the social and economic security of Ukraine demands, first of all, streamlining of the main theoretical and methodological aspects into the uniform system within the concept of unification of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety. The scientific works of numerous scientists are devoted to the questions of development and deployment of mechanisms of state regulation of the social and economic safety nowadays. However the question of unification of multidirectional state mechanisms of regulation of social and economic safety in Ukraine still remain insufficiently investigated. The purpose of article is formation of the conceptual bases of unification of the state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine. The structural and logical and descriptive analysis and also the process approach are applied in the research. The technology of formation of the concept of unification of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine is developed. The properties of the concept of unification of the state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine are marked out. The model of unification of the state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety is constructed. The technology of formation of the concept of unification of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine is developed. The specified technology includes the following levels: theoretical and methodological, model, methodical, tool and practical ones. The attention is paid to the fact that methodical level is the most powerful one in the course of formation of the concept of unification of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine. This level provides the following actions: assessment of national social and economic security; identification of structural disproportions of development of national social and economic system; diagnostics of vectors of financial and investment factors of state ensuring of the social and economic safety; analysis of resource potential of state ensuring of the social and economic safety and assessment of the state energy security. The following properties of the concept of unification of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety of Ukraine are marked out: orientation on realization of the principles of market economy for ensuring of high rates of economic growth; possibility of forecasting of further development of economic, demographic and political events; completeness of available tools of state administrative personnel for neutralization of negative consequences of the external and internal social and economic and political phenomena; basis for realization of strategy of sustainable development of the national social and economic system by the most effective use of all available resources. The model of unification of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic safety is constructed. The specified model provides existence of the following stages: unification of principles and priorities of ensuring of the social and economic security; unification of structure and norms of organizational and legal support of social and economic security; unification of methods and instruments of realization of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic security; unification of criteria for evaluation of efficiency of functioning of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic security; standardization of procedures of improvement of state mechanisms of ensuring of the social and economic security. The offered concept of unification of the state mechanisms on ensuring of the social and economic safety has to be based on use of integration approach and has to contain the model of the state ensuring of the social and economic safety directed on realization of the state policy on ensuring of the social and economic safety as the central element. That, in turn, will cause certain transformations in structure and degree of openness of national economy and also in the level of integration of the state into the system of the world economy.

The concept of unification of state mechanisms on ensuring social and economic security of Ukraine

The concept of unification of state mechanisms on ensuring social and economic security of Ukraine

Effects of Inter-Korean Events on the Conception of Unification

Effects of Inter-Korean Events on the Conception of Unification

Komunikasi Politik Mohammad Natsir

This study aims to reveal aspects of political communication made by M. Natsir when formulating, socialize, until the date of the adoption by MPRS integral motion. This study uses qualitative descriptive approach, so as to reveal the fact that more comprehensive. This study has revealed a struggle that is not simply how a motion integral before being accepted and confirmed by parliament. M. Natsir when trusted to formulate make the concept of unification of Indonesia in response to the threat of disintegration, he conducted political lobbies are quite long, before finally when dipidatokan no interruptions and obstacles of other MPs. These findings make clear that aspects of political communication becomes very important in reading a historical fact related to the socialization integral motion Natsir.

Grand Unification Concept with Bio-force as the Fifth Fundamental Force

All the four fundamental forces of nature have been explained in terms of space time. Coupling constant of grand unification has been defined by space time. The density of space time calculated by ‘Siva’s classical equation for space time’ describes the nature of fundamental force. Thus for all fundamental forces, there exist a separate universe with a separate space time and a separate ‘maximum signal velocity’. The transformation has been explained as an expansion of a single universe for which maximum signal velocity is ‘velocity of light’. This transformation affects the concept of consciousness. Thus all other forms of space times explained as different forces of nature within the limitations of consciousness. Thus ‘Bio-Force’ defined as a form of space time like all other fundamental forces and considered as a fifth fundamental force. Consciousness is an affect of interactions of ‘Bio-Force’. Coupling Constants for ‘gravity’ and ‘Bio field’ have been calculated by space time concept and concerned maximum signal velocities. For other three forces strong force, electromagnetic force and weak forces, the space time has been defined by their coupling constants. All these calculations have been done by one single equation Vd=K. With this equation, space time parameters for all fundamental forces have been explained. The conclusions described grand unification of all five natural forces in a different way which has been extended to ‘Bio-Force’, an important aspect of consciousness.