Concept Of Person Research Articles

Personal Identity Matters

Abstract This article considers whether process philosophy can provide a more promising basis for understanding the closely related problems of persons and personal identity than more traditional or mainstream philosophical approaches. In particular, the article focuses on whether process conceptions of persons and personal identity provide an approach that offers greater potential for resolving the duplication and fission examples within the literature in this area than the approaches taken by Bernard Williams and Derek Parfit.

LEGAL PERSONS AND THE RIGHT TO PRIVACY

Abstract This article examines what the state of the law regarding the tortious protection of the privacy of corporations tells us about the concept of a legal person. Given that non-human persons are capable of having an interest in at least their informational privacy, logic would seem to dictate that they should be recognised such a right protecting their personality. In reality, the law is most hesitant to concede the right to privacy to non-natural persons (the same being true of reputation). This suggests that, for the dominant strand of the law at least, despite the rhetoric, legal persons do not really have rights of personality; in other words, that they are not really persons.

Conceptualizing person undergoing rehabilitation care in the light of Axel Honneth’s theory of recognition

Objective: To reflect on the concept of person, in the context of rehabilitation, in the light of Axel Honneth’s Theory of Recognition. Methods: Theoretical-philosophical essay. Results: The concepts of person, patient, user or client have given rise to central debates in health care models, especially in the area of rehabilitation. In this context, the concept of person stands out, from an anthropological and theological perspective to the inclusion of the complexity of social interactions in this meaning. Axel Honneth adds to this view by reflecting on the individuation of the being through the foundation of recognition, sustained by the need for self-confidence, self-respect and self-esteem, making it possible to draw up a collaborative care plan that strives for the good life of the person undergoing rehabilitation. Conclusion: We can conclude that conceiving of care centered on people with disabilities is much more coherent nowadays than perpetuating other debatable expressions in terms of health. Regardless of the term to be used, recognizing all the dimensions inherent in the concept of person is fundamental in terms of establishing the integral dialogical relationship that is intended between health professionals and the person-patient-user-client undergoing rehabilitation.

A rational exploration of personalist bioethics: understanding its foundations

The aim of this article is to elucidate the rational foundations upon which personalist bioethics is built, thereby enhancing understanding regarding its place within the broader discourse of secular bioethics. Personalist bioethics, as a dynamic pursuit, actively engages with scientific discoveries, periodically revisiting them and considering contemporary individuals' diverse perceptions of identity and values. It integrates two foundational trunks: personalism and Aristotelian-Thomistic theology with metaphysical reference. The method employed by personalist bioethics is illustrated through triangulation: the exposition of biomedical reality, an in-depth study of anthropological significance, and the identification of values at stake. Rooted in a substantialist concept of the human person, it follows a systematic interaction of various knowledge spheres, aiming not only to describe problematic relations but also to propose prescriptive solutions. Personalism maintains that the human person is valuable for who he is and not only for the choices he makes; he is a source from which the choices proceed. According to personalist ethics, the ethical value of an act will have to be considered under the subjective aspect of intentionality, but it will also have to be considered in terms of its objective content and its consequences. The natural moral law that urges every conscience to do good and avoid evil, therefore, becomes concrete in respect for the human person in all the fullness of his values, his essence, and ontological dignity.

VAT and Directors’ Fees: Can Directors Who Are Individuals Be Considered Taxable Persons?

In the aftermath of the ECJ’s decision in the TP (C-288/22) case, the author of this article argues that directors who are private persons can be taxable persons for VAT purposes. The author argues that this idea is a solution in line with the broadness inherent in the concept of taxable person and that directors can fulfil the requirements of “any person”, “economic activity” and of acting “independently”. In addition, the author stresses that depriving an individual of such a status may equate to hindering legal neutrality (or at least the principle of equal treatment), as well as affecting system neutrality. Furthermore, this article reveals the alignment of this position with economic reality. Lastly, it will signal some of the undesirable consequences of negating the taxable person status: from non-taxation and creation of opportunities for tax avoidance, to tax non-neutrality.

Conceptualising personhood in nursing care for people with altered consciousness, cognition and behaviours: A discussion paper.

The aim of this discussion paper is to explore factors and contexts that influence how nurses might conceptualise and assign personhood for people with altered consciousness, cognition and behaviours. While a biomedical framing is founded upon a dichotomy between the body and self, such that the body can be subjected to a medical and objectifying gaze, relational theories of self, multiculturalism and technological advances for life-sustaining interventions present new dilemmas which necessitate discussion about what constitutes personhood. The concept of personhood is dynamic and evolving: where historical constructs of rationality, agency, autonomy and a conscious mind once formed the basis for personhood, these ideas have been challenged to encompass embodied, relational, social and cultural paradigms of selfhood. Themes in this discussion include: the right to personhood, mind-body dualism versus the embodied self; personhood as consciousness, rationality and narratives of self; social relational contexts of personhood and cultural contexts of personhood. Patricia Benner's and Christine Tanner's clinical judgement model is then applied to consider the implications for nursing care that seeks to reflexively incorporate personhood. Nurse clinicians are able to move between conceptions of personhood and act to support the body, as well as presumed autonomy and relational, social and cultural personhood. In doing so, they use analytical, intuitive and narrative reasoning which prioritises autonomous constructions of self. They also incorporate relational and social contexts of the person receiving care within the possibilities of technological advances and constraints of contextual resources.

The substantiality of “zaman” in the worldview of Abai and Shakarim

In the Kazakh worldview, the issue of the variability of the world is extensive. This variability extends beyond just time, encompassing changes in nature, the world, and even the appearance of individuals. Referred to as “zaman”in the Kazakh worldview, the changing of time and individuals are seen as equivalent. It is debated whether individuals influence time, time influences individuals, or if both are influenced by external phenomena. Thinkers such as Abai and Shakarim, who defied the norms of their time, exemplify the ability of individuals to navigate through changing times.Abai and Shakarim delved into questions about the meaning of life, morality, and faith amidst the constantly changing world. Their works highlight the complexity of contemporary and universal issues, showcasing how a clear and open mind can navigate and influence time. Reason allows individuals to connect with a higher power and understand the purpose behind creation.The concepts of time, person, society, spirituality, honor, value, knowledge, science, and change are deeply intertwined in the Kazakh worldview.Overall, the teachings of Abai and Shakarim emphasize the importance of a sound mind, a pure heart, and a person free from vices. Their philosophies continue to hold significance in every era, offering guidance on navigating through changing times. The Kazakh worldview, with its focus on harmony with nature and spiritual values, provides valuable insights on the essence of time and humanity's role in shaping the futur

How is a Theological Bioethics and Medical Ethics Possible: A Study on Background and Foundation of the "Ethic of Personhood"

The core issue in bioethics is how to define humans. Contemporary bioethics is in trouble on many issues because of limitations in principles and methods. Ethics of personhood tries to rethink these issues from a different perspective. The premise of the ethics of personhood is to redefine humans. From the perspective of Christian thought, it introduces the concept of "person" into bioethics and points out that the research object of bioethics is human being as human person. The concept of human person is the basis of the ethics of personhood. Human person possesses both substantiality and relationality. This makes up for the shortcomings of contemporary bioethics that either only value individual interests, or only value collective interests. Although the ethic of personhood is a very good paradigm and framework for studying bioethics, it still faces many fundamental problems in modernity, such as how to be widely accepted.

Exploring a practice theoretical tool-kit approach for studying professional and organisational learning processes: a pragmatist interpretation

ABSTRACT This article conceptually explores different practice theoretical vantage points in empirical studies of professional and organisational learning processes. Through an ethnographic study of a management development program in Denmark, possibilities and limitations of three different practice-theoretical approaches are considered. Firstly, learning processes are examined as professional identity formation through participation in the community of practice around the development program. Next, Schatzki’s practice-theoretical approach is applied, focusing on management as situated work practice. A third approach focusing on persons’ learning paths in professional and organisational practices is considered: Ole Dreier's concept of person is discussed as a further development of practice theories in line with Schatzki’s thinking. The article explores the epistemological and ontological stances taken by the three practice theories in relation to the study of learning processes. A pragmatist interpretation of a ‘tool-kit’ approach to operationalising different practice theoretical approaches in alliance is developed, considering how this can generate constructive analytical tensions for exploring and understanding learning processes.

Place and Person at Pre-Hispanic Teotihuacan, Mexico

There are significant societal differences evident in the material remains of the Classic period (ca. AD 250-600) city of Teotihuacan in central Mexico compared to contemporary Maya kingdoms in southern Mexico and Guatemala, despite both being part of the larger Mesoamerican civilization, sharing many cultural features. One proposed explanation for these differences derives from an analytical social science dichotomy that contrasts groups and individuals. According to this approach, Maya art and architecture indicate a society centered on individuals, particularly the rivalrous semi-divine rulers. Teotihuacan’s depersonalized art, lack of royal tombs, and gridded city plan are believed to indicate a corporate ethos in which individuals were subsumed by the societal collective. However, archaeological evidence for these interpretations is not compelling; moreover, the dichotomy itself is misleading. The key to these differences may lie in conceptions of embodied versus emplaced personae. The identity of Teotihuacanos was shaped by living within the city itself, and their concepts of personhood were entwined with their built environment in ways different from their Maya counterparts.

Physical and social warmth.

The concept of a warm person has played a key role in western social psychological research, particularly in how people perceive others. Williams and Bargh (2008; Study 1) found that individuals holding a cup of warm beverage perceived the individuals they faced as psychologically warmer than those who held a cup of cold beverage. In this article, we set out to replicate and extend these findings by exploring whether various factors modify the effect of physical and social warmth. Specifically, we tested three moderating variables: participants' awareness of the purpose of the experiment, warmth of participants' personality and the target person's gender. We found no main effect of physical warmth, and very little evidence for any moderating effects. It is clear from this and other recent studies that the embodiment effect is not simple to replicate and, therefore, is difficult to exploit for practical purposes.

CONCEPTUALIZATION OF FREEDOM AND THE PERSON IN THE GREAT INQUISTOR BY DOSTOYEFSKY AND IN THE THEOLOGICAL THOUGHT OF THE METROPOLITAN OF PERGAMO IOANNIS ZIZIOULAS

In this particular work, a tightrope and as accurate as possible rendering of the relationship between the person and freedom and freedom as our obligation and attitude towards the Other is attempted. The concept of freedom, in essence, is undoubtedly and inescapably intertwined with the authenticity of the person and, in particular, with the deeper meaning of human destiny and existence. In this sense, Dostoyevsky focuses in his work on the dual phenomenon of freedom, that is, on the function of man between internal and external freedom, as well as on the individual responsibility of each subject, towards society and the Other. Subsequently, an in-depth theological and existential analysis and interpretation of the person is presented, which is based on the work of the Metropolitan of Pergamos, Ioannis Zizioulas, who recently passed away/fallen asleep, as well as the meaning of the content of the concept of person in modern theological anthropology. Finally, the interweaving of theology and literature is attempted through the active and analytical presentation of the person and freedom.

Partners in Forming the People: Jacques Maritain, Saul Alinsky, and the Project of Personalist Democracy

At first glance, Jacques Maritain, the influential Catholic philosopher, and Saul Alinsky, the infamous “dean” of community organizing, could scarcely be more different, in temperament or reputation. Nevertheless, for nearly three decades, these two men were close friends and dedicated collaborators, drawn together by a passionate commitment to democracy. By reading the two alongside each other, this article offers a new interpretation of both. After historically contextualizing the relationship between Maritain and Alinsky, it advances two major claims about their democratic thought. First, it shows that Maritain and Alinsky shared a commitment to a political project best described as “personalist democracy,” insofar as it founded democratic politics upon a specific ethical (and, for Maritain, theological) conception of the human person. Second, the article argues that both thinkers understood personalist democracy to be realizable, in practice, only through a particular kind of democratic organization. They saw the process of organizing as the indispensable means for forming the diffuse persons who comprised society into a coherent “people,” capable of acting for the common good and, in so doing, discovering their own dignity. The article concludes by offering reasons why the project of personalist democracy, as Maritain and Alinsky conceived it, may still have much to offer today.

Estigma hacia habitantes de calle, consumo de drogas y género. Consecuencias en derechos humanos y salud pública

Objective: comprehend the stigmatization of the homeless population, its relationship with drug use, gender and its consequences from the perspective of the assistance personnel in Medellin. Methods: qualitative research with a descriptive-interpretative scope. Data were generated through focus groups. The information was analyzed with grounded theory techniques and contrasted with the scientific literature on the subject. Results: two conceptions of the homeless person emerged: disposable and citizen. About gender, the multiple stigmas towards women and the LGBTI population living on the streets were highlighted, and the consequences of stigmatization were described. Conclusion: Living on the street and having a lifestyle contrary to the dominant values, makes homeless people to be discriminated, dehumanized and corrected by society, which is worse when belong to non-hegemonic genders, this situation limits the guarantee of fundamental human rights, especially the right to health.

Цивилизационная основа бытийственности институционального человека

Introduction. Atheistic literature insists that religious faith owes its origin to human ignorance. In its turn, this ‘ignorance’ of a person is closely connected with the ontological foundations of an institutional person determining the civilizational basis of his or her beingness. Theoretical analysis. Overcoming intellectual limitation the study of the ontological foundations of the formation of social being is now acquiring important scientific and socio-political significance in the development of social space. Considering the existence of a person through the category of an institutional person the philosophical concept of an institutional person involves diverse studies including both the analysis of the civilizational basis of the beingness of the social space and the living space of a person as mutually conditioned categories connected with historical tasks. Empirical analysis. Despite the perfect understanding of the laws of dialectics, the effect of the laws of the development of social being in the context of the tasks of history remains a poorly developed problem at the present time. Revealing the interdependence of the laws of self-organization and organization of being a new knowledge is born, and the civilizational basis of the beingness of an institutional person expands. Conclusion. The expanding possibilities of the civilization that has entered the space entail changes in the organization of social life. New meanings of an institutional person – a person of the universe system – are emerging.

Axé as the cornerstone of Candomblé philosophy and its significance for an understanding of well-being (bem estar)

Abstract According to Candomblé, axé is present in every living being and is necessary to life. To develop and maintain a sense of well-being, one must maintain a balanced level of axé which is linked to a reciprocal relationship between human beings and orixás (African deities). This article will explore the link between the spiritual force axé and well-being (bem estar) within Candomblé philosophy. Starting with explaining axé within the context of Candomblé and its concept of personhood, the article will reflect in the latter part on the concept of well-being from the perspective of axé and put forward an argument for the inclusion of Candomblé in philosophy of religion.

O conceito de pessoa como fundamento da ação humana de Cícero a Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi

The aim of this article is to show how the concept of person, first coined by Cicero, reappears in a new guise in the work of philosopher Friedrich Heinrich Jacobi. It reappears as a way to justify his “non-philosophy” and, at the same time, to criticize the German philosophy of his time, especially transcendental philosophy. We will investigate what it means for Jacobi to affirm that philosophy is first and foremost history, that it is personal. In other words, to affirm that the way of living precedes the way of thinking. If history is the subject matter of philosophy, it cannot create its own subject matter (as would be the objective of transcendental philosophy). Jacobi recovers the notion of “philosopher” as it was conceived in Antiquity and puts back at the center of the debate of his time the wise Socratic non-knowledge, an art of living as the most authentic meaning of philosophy. To make this bold move, the concept of person is fundamental. It is at the center of Jacobi's philosophy and can be understood even better by comparing it with an opposing position: the notion of “philosophizing history of philosophy” defended by Kant, an ahistorical and a priori history, an archaeology of reason.

Konceptualizacja podmiotowości prawnej w zakresie praw podstawowych

While the capacity to have rights has been a question since people started creating states and law, having the capacity to exercise fundamental rights is a contemporary legal issue. The article focuses on the legal capacity to fundamental rights and presents an innovative proposal for the legal doctrine related to the concept of the normative constitution of fundamental rights. The authors argue that protecting fundamental rights is incomplete if uncertainties exist regarding these rights’ subjects. Due to the complexity of the problem and the relevance of the “judge-made law”, the article offers a new methodological tool: instead of building a pre-set, abstractly defined comprehensive concept, concept mapping is advocated for conceptualizing the legal capacity to fundamental rights. The concept map is an organic and beneficial way to collect and structure the interrelated factors determining legal capacity. It can be a decision-support tool for judges in fundamental right-related cases to bring well-grounded decisions. As a starting point, the authors argue that an autonomous dogmatic category of legal capacity to fundamental rights is crucial for effectively protecting rights. To support this point, the complex theoretical background (the concept of person, personality, rights and fundamental rights) is reviewed. The authors point out that existing approaches do not give an unambiguous answer to what entity and how far can be the holder of what fundamental right. The article concludes with a methodological proposal of conceptualizing by mapping to maximize the effect of knowledge on factors that influence judicial decisions in this regard.

"KONSTITUTSIONALIZMNING PAYDO BO‘LISHI VA UNING RIVOJLANISH ASOSLARI "

"In this article, the classic theories and classical concepts of constitutionalism, as well as the characteristics and practice of constitutional government in the whole world, are considered from a scientific theoretical point of view. Also, the role of constitutionalism in the historical process of the countries of the world up to the stage of achieving democratic freedoms and the fact that it was the basic concept in the organization of state power are studied. In today’s globalized world, we can understand that constitutionalism is the foundation and basis of any developed country from the point of view of the organization of the state and law. It is revealed that constitutionalism played an extremely important role in the gradual development of humanity and in the emergence of basic human rights and freedoms based on the basic concepts and approaches of ancient philosophers. The traditions of constitutionalism in the creation of the state and law, which is one of the most urgent problems of today, and its organization and main concept in this process, are based on deep thoughts and scientific considerations. When familiarizing myself with the article, the proportion of constitutionalism and similar theories created by the human mind in the transition to the democratic society it dreamed of from the beginning of humanity to the present day has been scientifically compared and studied. Based on the concepts of person, state, and society and their rights and obligations before the constitution and the law, the most ideal form of these three subjects is the basis of constitutionalism. It is interpreted through existing theories and methods. "

Who is the human in the machine? Releasing the human–machine metaphor from its cultural roots can increase innovation and equity in AI

AbstractComputer science and cognitive science have a shared past, with many intertwined goals and perspectives. The conceptual metaphor, shaping the discoveries of these fields for decades, has been the human mind–machine. New cross-cultural findings indicate that it is time that we interrogate the origin of the metaphor and develop a more global representation of attributes labeled human. This paper describes a gap in fairness research in cross-cultural bias affecting international participation in the field. It further outlines opportunities to diversify and test core concepts inspiring design and increasing equity. The proposed adaptation would shift our approach to knowledge and technology creation by (1) altering the attributes of the human mind–machine metaphor that define intelligence, memory, categorization, logic, inference, perception, concepts of time and space, concepts of personhood, and other cognitive terms which both fields study; (2) interrogating the universality implied by the conceptual metaphor to both machine and end-user; and (3) seizing the broadened conceptual metaphor to create new math, science, and disrupt the current paradigm scripting the inferences of research findings in computer science and cognitive science. A more globally attuned conceptual metaphor, updated to enfranchise the full membership the term human implies, will increase our collective ability to investigate, describe, and develop new science and technology and increase the equity of those involved in the process.