Nature Of Science Conceptions Research Articles

ИДЕОЛОГИЧЕСКАЯ НАПРАВЛЕННОСТЬ ПОНЯТИЯ «ЕСТЕСТВЕННЫЕ НАУКИ» В СОВЕТСКОЙ ИСТОРИОГРАФИИ ДЕКАБРИСТСКОГО ДВИЖЕНИЯ СЕРЕДИНЫ 1950-х гг.

The article examines culturally determined meanings of the “natural sciences” concept in the mid-1950s Soviet historiography of the Decembrists. The theoretical and methodological basis of the work is connotative semiotics, developed by the French semiologist Roland Barthes. It is shown that the concept of natural sciences in the Soviet historiography of Decembrism has not only a direct denotative meaning, referring to the activity of obtaining verified knowledge about nature. This concept within the Soviet culture of the mid-20th century had an additional connotative semantic level. The narrative of Soviet historians about the study of nature by members of secret societies connoted, within the Soviet cultural code, the idea of the undoubted revolutionary nature of the Decembrists. Thanks to these connotations, the main goal of the Soviet historical narrative was achieved — the confirmation of Lenin’s thesis about the Decembrists as the first Russian revolutionaries who started the work that the Bolsheviks had completed. The study of the connotative semantics of the concept of natural sciences based on the semiotic approach allows us to speak about the mechanism of the conceptualization of Decembrism in Soviet historiography. Conceptualization was carried out at the level of a secondary sign system due to intertextual connections. The historical narrative through the signs of the active subject, applied aspect of natural science research, materialism, enlightenment, atheism was correlated with texts precedent for Soviet culture. Due to these correlations, the story about the Decembrists acquired an additional semantic level. The theoretical and methodological apparatus of semiotics is quite applicable to the history of concepts, since it allows reading semantics at all levels of the text — both denotative and connotative. Semiotics provides precise tools for analyzing the semantics of concepts in the context of their parent culture.

Formation And Development Of Natural Science Concepts As One Of The Methods Of Ecological Education Of Students In The Conditions Of Additional Education

Formation And Development Of Natural Science Concepts As One Of The Methods Of Ecological Education Of Students In The Conditions Of Additional Education

Analysis of Understanding Natural Science Concepts on Elementary School Class IV Energy Source Material

The purpose of this study is to find out the understanding of science concepts in the fourth grade energy source material at elementary school. The research method used in this research is a quantitative description. Data collection techniques in this study were tests, interviews and documentation. The data obtained were then analyzed using percentages. The results of this study indicate that the average understanding of science concepts in the fourth grade energy source material at elementary school belongs to the moderate criteria of 49%. This is evident from the results of the study that the percentage of students' understanding of science concepts from three indicators which include: giving examples and non-examples of a concept by 39% low criteria, classifying objects according to their nature or according to the concept by 63% high criteria and assigning returned a concept by 47% of the moderate criteria.

Новая научная грамотность: проблемы и трудности формирования

In a pandemic, science literacy is transformed from a subject of sociological research into a question of the survival of society itself. attitude of various groups and individuals to vaccination shows the real state of science literacy and reveals significant problems in its formation. The article examines the main stages in the development of the concept of natural science (science) literacy and the importance of critical science literacy in a stream containing conflicting scientific information and expert opinions. The article demonstrates the ineffectiveness of formation strategies without specially organized work on the development of initial pre-science ideas in children and adults.

The Ludic and Human Rights: The Anti-Racist Fight in Science Education for a Political-Scientific Formation through Graffiti Art

Context: With the growing denunciations of violence and injustices in the social relationship, inside and outside schools, education based on human rights is insurgent in the current system of teaching and learning. Using the concept of school as a process of scientific, social and political construction, we planned the teaching and learning process of chemical interactions using the art of graffiti as a playful activity. Objectives: Reflection on chemistry teaching beyond the concepts of natural sciences, but also towards social issues to promote an education that transfigures the traditional model established by the hegemonic power during Brazilian history. Design: We use an ethnographic case study as a method. Scenario and Participants: In this way, we chose to bring graffiti art to chemistry workshops, since the paints are fixed on urban walls through chemical interactions between substances, building images and/or protest phrases that make us rethink the injustices and inequalities existing in Brazilian society and to dialogue the emergence of this art in the black movement with the political aspects of Human Rights. Thirteen students enrolled in a state basic education high school in the city of Goiânia-GO, Brazil, joined the workshops on Human Rights, Graffiti and Chemistry. Eight graffiti artists also participated in the workshop for free. Data collection and analysis: We used transcripts of semi-structured interviews and video-recorded workshops to categorise the data, analysing them with the Descending Hierarchical Classification technique and the use of dendrograms performed by the Iramuteq Software. Results: We obtained categories that evidence the chemical understanding of the content of chemical interactions and the socio-political understanding of human rights, and seven drawings on graffiti murals that show this correlation. Conclusions: The transgression of morals and the empowerment of the subordinate promote playfulness in the individual or collective social visibility of individuals, enabling better assimilation of scientific and social content.

Resilience of electric utilities during the COVID-19 pandemic in the framework of the CIGRE definition of Power System Resilience

Resilience is a vital concept in engineering, business, and natural sciences, and is a measure of the ability of an entity to withstand High Impact Low Probability (HILP) events. During the COVID-19 pandemic, which started in late 2019/early 2020, power system utilities around the globe have responded in effective and efficient ways to enhance the resilience of their organisations, both in terms of real-time operations and prudent management of its infrastructure, in order to continue their mandate in providing reliable supply to meet customer demands. This paper presents the CIGRE definition for power system resilience, established by the C4.47 Working Group in 2018, and demonstrates the application of resilience-oriented thinking within the electrical sector. The response and recovery efforts are described, with respect to the key actionable measures integral to the power system resilience definition, taken before, during and after the COVID-19 pandemic. A practical conceptual framework is also presented for thinking about resilience in terms of three key components of resilience strategies: organisational, infrastructure and operational resilience. The paper also discusses the different strategies adopted in response to COVID-19, based on the C4.47 members’ experiences during the pandemic. Finally, a case study is presented, which proves the effectiveness of a set of response measures, using graph theory and the characteristics of the staff-asset interactions.

Concreteness fading in learning secondary school physics concepts

Concreteness fading has been proposed as a general instructional approach to support learning of abstract mathematics and science concepts. Accordingly, organizing external knowledge representations in a three-step concrete-to-idealized sequence should be more beneficial than the reverse, concreteness introduction, sequence. So far, evidence for the benefits of concreteness fading come mainly from studies investigating learning of basic mathematics concepts. Studies on learning natural science concepts are scarce and have not implemented the full three-step-sequence. In an experimental classroom study (N = 70), we compared concreteness fading and concreteness introduction in high school science education about electromagnetic induction using a detailed assessment. Furthermore, we explored whether these sequences differentially affect the use of the different representations during instruction. Both sequences were equally effective and there were no differences in using the representations. We discuss why our results question the proposed advantages of concreteness fading and highlight conceptual differences and learning goals across domains.

ИНТЕГРИРОВАННЫЙ ПОДХОД В МЕТОДИКЕ ПРЕДСТАВЛЕНИЯ ЛЕКЦИОННОГО МАТЕРИАЛА ПО ДИСЦИЛИНАМ ГУМАНИТАРНОГО ЦИКЛА

This article presents the methodological development of lectures, material which may be used in the study course "Philosophy", "Philosophy of science and technology" and "concepts of modern natural Sciences" (cmns) for students of the Humanities in Russian universities. This lecture on "Philosophical understanding of the concept of "life": biocentricity picture of the world" presents the main approaches to the idea of the modern scientific picture of the world. Such a summary of the lecture material, according to the authors, due to the need to change existing approaches to teaching of specific disciplines. In particular those which involve integrated knowledge from different scientific disciplines and the subject of study which are universal categories and phenomena. It is noted that in the conditions of modern technogenic civilization machineoriented, justified is the issue of revision of existing views about the current ideological approach to the basic concepts, components of a comprehensive scientific picture of the world. In this article, the authors examine biocentricity picture of the world in which the author focuses on the leading role of the life. It is concluded that a comprehensive summary of the lecture material various areas of scientific knowledge, contributes to the formation of metacognitive abilities of students in the course of studying the above disciplines.

Exploration Of Matematical Concep And Natural Sciences From The Local Wisdom Of Society As Learning Materials In The Curriculum 2013

The population growth is closely related to the utilization of natural resources and will impact on environmental degradation. Therefore, identifying and inventorying the local wisdom of the community that aims to conserve the environment is very important. Natural science perspective lifting local wisdom in education is one way to revitalize, develop and maintain the values of local knowledge. This study aims to explore the elements of local wisdom in society, examines the concept of Natural Science and Mathematics contained in the elements of local wisdom and is designed for learning materials. The research was conducted in the District Manganitu Sangihe Islands in January 2016. Data collection using observation techniques and interviews with related parties and data obtained analyzed the concept of science underlying the forms of local wisdom existing in Manganitu community.The result of the research is a concept map which contains the network of Mathematics and Natural Science concepts. This research product can meet the needs of high school teachers and become one of the solution of thematic learning problem in Sangihe Island.Keywords : Concept of Mathematics and Science, Local Community Wisdom, Curriculum 2013

A Note on Evolution

Evolutionary theory has attracted great interest recently in biology and game theory. What about the humanities and social sciences? Are we to explain human action with new natural science concepts?

Подходы к выявлению типовых ошибок младших школьников при освоении естественно-научных понятий

The article describes approaches to the typology of the main mistakes of primary schoolchildren studying natural science concepts. This is the overview of the problem of the development of natural science concepts in the works of native and foreign researchers. In the course of the analytical study, a comparison was made of the content, structure of tasks and methods of assessing the monitoring studies, as well as a comparison of descriptions of typical mistakes of primary school children. In “VPR” (“Vserossiiskie proverochnie raboti” are the obligatory Russian tests for schoolchildren), all subject knowledge is presented through certain skills, and the mistakes that chidlren make are interpreted as "gaps" in knowledge and skills that need to be filled. SAM (Student Achievement's Monitoring) reveals the "structure" of achievements and backlogs. SAM evaluation tool has proven itself well in assessing the natural science literacy of younger schoolchildren, namely the ability to act according to a model, the ability to act with understanding and the degree of freedom (the manifestation of natural science literacy) in the possession of certain modes of action. TIMSS (Trends in Mathematics and Science Study) aims to evaluate three parameters: "knowledge", "application" and "reasoning". Along with the correct answers of the children, their incorrect reasonings are also recorded. The analytical study showed no unified approach to the assessment of typical mistakes in the development of natural science concepts existing today. One of the promising directions can be the arrangement of a unified typology of the main mistakes of primary schoolchildren when studying natural science concepts and creation of an assessment tool based on it.

ОБРАЗОВАТЕЛЬНАЯ ТЕХНОЛОГИЯ ФОРМИРОВАНИЯ ОСНОВ СОЦИАЛЬНОГО МИРОВОЗЗРЕНИЯ

Based on theoretical and experimental research on the problems of education reform in the context of humanitarization of education, the authors elaborate and present a model of educational technology used to reform the activities in humanitarization of educational process, to create a flexible effective system at secondary school with the focus on teaching natural science disciplines. The theoretical study shows that humanization and humanitarization of education as a holistic system does not have a mechanism to implement social and pedagogical technologies and does not have a driver to realize this educational concept. This fact led to the development of educational technology aimed to form the basics of social worldview. The authors offer possible solutions for the problem by uncovering the pedagogic potential of natural sciences’ disciplines in forming the basic social determinants, namely, social competence and social intelligence of the students of secondary school. The main methods used are: the method of philosophical and subject expansion of natural sciences’ disciplines as a resource to form and develop social intelligence in the context of humanitarization of natural sciences, and statistical analysis to process the quantitative results of the pedagogical experiment. The development of a model of the author's technology is based on ecological approach to the research and design of educational environments. The methods of organizing educational technology that form the foundations of social worldview and paradigm of social thinking in modern conditions of scientific and technical progress are presented. The experimental data show that the organization of educational process of the secondary school students (7–11 forms) according to the model of social and pedagogical technology provides the increase of the level of quality of educational activity that satisfies the educational demand and meets the requirements of Federal Educational Standards of Russian Federation are present in the work. The authors considered the achievements of natural sciences from the point of view of the search for a public ideal. They made recommendations on the application of new scientific approaches, on the introduction of new interpretations, concepts of physical and natural-scientific outlooks. The developed educational technology contributes to the change of thinking paradigm, addressing the problem of authentic understanding of the world. This socio-pedagogical technology contributes to the creation of interdisciplinary interaction and interpenetration of the scientific and humanitarian understanding of the world within the framework of the modern concept of natural sciences.

A unifying theory of physics and biological information through consciousness

ABSTRACT This article represents a transdisciplinary theory that attempts, in a nonmathematical way, to reconcile some contemporary concepts of physics with a novel theory of the mind. It represents a thought experiment that consolidates complexity by melding certain unifying natural science concepts into a coherent reality. The foundations of quantum mechanics and the cosmological mysteries of dark energy, dark matter, and normal matter non-dogmatically explained may be accessible to individuals other than those immersed in mathematical formulas. Through reasoning and models, terms are defined and illustrations provided, further clarifying concepts. In this theory, consciousness represents dynamic differences that come to an end. It exists through interdependent relationships between dark energy, focal points of dark matter (FPDMs), and normal matter with associated states of mind: pure awareness, pure mental state, and mental images state, respectively. Consciousness enables the emergence of an observing ego, a viewpoint that defines conscious events but which is not consciousness in and of itself. For topics described throughout the article, there is a mental and physical aspect that through relationship produces change that makes a difference. In this way, the reader, an ‘observing ego,’ with a human cognitive viewpoint, may bridge the ‘gap’ connecting the mental and physical domains. Although the theory can be developed mathematically in more detail, the main emphasis is to provide an intriguing explanation of how physics melds with ‘mind,’ thus laying the foundation for future explorations into how this theoretical framework of the mind reciprocates with other areas of science.

The Establishment of Reality

The paper is, formally, a fragment of the soon-to-be-published book Forms of Reality. But in fact, it is an introduction to the author study into the fundamental theme of anthropology of form. First, it considers a form as an appearance— the image of phenomena. The author briefly describes the significance of the so-understood form for the existence of animals and people, human communities. And second, it is precisely anthropology of the form that is at the centre of the analysis: the form, its phenomenality and organization, differentiated integrity as derivatives from the interaction of consciousness with objects, a kind of its synthesizing ordering projection on the external reality. The paper preliminary examines the most essential, in the author’s view, anthropological foundations of the formal plan of reality that is opening up to people and, at the same time, is being generated with the involvement of their consciousness. The concept of reality, along with form, is the second key concept of the paper. The concept forwarded in the article rests on the philosophical and anthropological ideas of several philosophers (I. Kant, J. Bataille, M. Heidegger, J. Deleuze and F. Guattari, and especially E. Souriau), present-day natural science concepts, and, especially, the experience of art and the reflection of artists (F. Pessoa, Renaissance painters, C.D. Friedrich, E. Degas). For the author, the work of art and the relationship of consciousness with it act as a typological model of anthropology of the form. The paper analyzes the most significant factors and aspects of form and the resulting reality. It is the existential context of the subject-object relationship; their immediate and pre-unconscious nature. It is a visual distance in its dynamics and gestaltazation; it is a generation of meaning as morphogenesis of form. Distinguishing, following D. Lapoujade, between existence and reality, the author relies on E. Souriau’s concept of different modes of reality, in which the term l’instauration takes on the key meaning: the establishment as the self-affirmation of reality, equal to the birth of form at the intersection of human subjectivity and independent in-being (works of art). The reality, in the end, is the result of the constitution through a system of forms that is complex in its metamorphosis, in which “immanence” — preand beyond-subjective consciousness, a transcendental field that precedes concrete consciousness — occupies an important place. The author shows the complex (paradoxical, heterogeneous and, at the same time, unified/holistic) nature of so-understood forms of reality on the example of the evolution and dialectics of perspective in painting and through the analysis of C.D. Friedrich’s paintings.

Об опыте подготовки двуязычного словаря природоведческих понятий в картинках для начальной школы

This paper reveals some issues of preparing a bilingual dictionary of natural science concepts in pictures. In the course “The World Around”, junior school children get acquainted with various natural science concepts (physical, geographical, geological, phenological, astronomical, biological, agricultural, ecological). The process of their formation is rather complicated and extended. In studies of this process, the problems associated with the education of children, who do not speak or have limited proficiency in the Russian language, remain insufficiently studied. The formation of natural science concepts in such children should be based on sensory perception and on the basis of the principle of “reliance on the native language”. In the dictionary, concepts in Russian have equivalents in Khakass and Tuvan languages. Pictures convey essential visual information about an object and natural phenomena.

Efforts to Improve Understanding of Science Concepts Through Audio-Visual Media for Elementary School Students

<em>The purpose of this research is to improve understanding of the concept of Natural Science (IPA) in the material of the Food Digestive System in Humans. This research is a classroom action research (PTK) which is conducted in two cycles, each cycle consisting of planning, implementation, observation, and reflection stages. The subjects of this study were 17 students of class V SD Negeri Kedungmulyo for the 2020/2021 academic year. Data collection techniques using test and non-test techniques. The assessment instrument uses item items and observations of the scoring rubric. Analysis of the data used in the study included a comparative descriptive technique, namely a statistical technique by comparing the scores between cycles, the mean, the minimum score, the maximum, and the percentage. The results of the study that the use of audio-visual media can improve student learning outcomes in science subject content on the food digestive system material. The conclusion of this study is that using audio visual media can improve understanding of the concept of science in the material of the digestive system in humans in fifth grade students of SD Negeri Kedungmulyo.</em>

Geochemistry landscape classification: toxicity of chemical elements and their impact on human health

In the article, the following were considered: classification of geochemical landscapes of the investigated territory, migration and accumulation of toxic chemical elements and their impact on human health. The research article was carried out in two directions: the first part-migration patterns of the chemical elements. The migration of chemical elements by landscape types has been identified, and a map has been developed showing the migration of chemical elements across the landscape. The second part of the article explores the toxicity of chemical elements that are common in the area and examines the relationship between the diseases observed in areas where the toxic elements are most commonly encountered and their effects on human health. The article is devoted to the study of the peculiarities of the geochemical transformation of landscapes in the research area (of the Kura intermountain basin) based on the patterns of concentration and migration of macro-compounds and trace elements found in samples of mountain rocks, soil, plants and water, for which a comparative method of research and the relationship of landscape components was used. For the first time, a medium-scale "Geochemical classification of landscapes" and then "map scheme of diseases caused by anomalous concentration of microelements" of this region were compiled. The article reveals the characteristic features of the compiled maps and the features of the geochemical transformation of the study area. The geochemistry of landscapes studies the patterns of migration of chemical elements in the Earth's geographical shell. It deals with patterns of substance migration in that shell of the Earth that is the place of human life. The landscape is a fundamental concept of natural science as "chemical element," mineral, "soil." The landscape is a large and complex nonequilibrium dynamic system of the Earth's surface, in which the elements of the lithohydrology and atmosphere are interpenetrated.

The Student Ability in Graph Understanding for Mastering Natural Science Concepts through the Process Skills Approach

The Student Ability in Graph Understanding for Mastering Natural Science Concepts through the Process Skills Approach

Retention of acquired argumentation skills and nature of science conceptions

ABSTRACT The study aimed to investigate the retention of acquired argumentation and NOS conceptions among grade 10 students three months after the treatment. Thirty-six grade 10 students in two intact sections, randomly assigned into the Treatment and Comparison groups, participated in the study. The participants engaged in a treatment that lasted for four months and involved two units. Participants in both groups were involved in explicit argumentation instruction. However, participants in the Treatment group received the additional explicit NOS instruction. To assess the learning and retention of participants' argumentation skills and NOS conceptions, all participants responded to two open-ended questionnaires three times during the study (pre-, post-, and delayed post-test) followed by individual semi-structured interviews. Results showed that participants of the Comparison group, who engaged in explicit argumentation instruction only, mostly did not retain their argumentation skills, three months after the treatment. While participants of the treatment group, who engaged in explicit argumentation and explicit NOS instruction, mostly retained their argumentation skills and NOS conceptions after a three-month period following the treatment. These findings were discussed in terms of the following premises: prolonged contact with the content, distributed multiple experiences, meaningful cognitive connections, and NOS as a metacognitive tool.

DEVELOPMENT OF STUDENT WORK SHEETS BASED PREDICT-OBSERVE-EXPLAIN ON CLASS IV NATURAL SCIENCE LESSONS

This study aims to produce teaching materials in the form of Predict-Observe-Explain-based student worksheets in class IV science lessons the theme of Always Saving Energy is valid, practical, and effective in improving understanding of concepts. The research approach uses mixed methods with the Research and Development (R and D) methodology with procedures consisting of 4 steps namely 1) define, 2) design, 3) develope, 4) disseminate. Furthermore, the data collection instruments used questionnaire sheets for product validation by experts, teacher response questionnaire sheets, and items about understanding the concept of science. Data collected sequentially were analyzed using the Content Validity Index (CVI), Descriptive Statistics, and Independent Sample t Test. The results obtained are Predict-Observe-Explain student worksheets: 1) content valid criteria with a CVI value of 0.9, 2) good practicality criteria with a percentage of 79.56%, and 3) effective criteria in increasing understanding of the concept of Natural Sciences with evidence of a significant difference between an increase in the average understanding of the concept of experimental class science by 21.3750 higher than the increase in understanding of the concept of science in the control class of only 16.2500.