City Concept Research Articles

Educational Environment and a Smart City

In the modern world, the integration of digital technologies into various spheres of life stimulates the development of the concept of smart cities, where digital innovations are used to optimize the management of resources, infrastructure and education. The article discusses the importance of digital education in the context of a smart city, emphasizing its role in the formation of the educational environment and the development of society. A study conducted in Minsk among students, graduates and retraining students reveals the requirements for digitalization of education and its impact on educational processes in a smart city. The survey results provide valuable data for the development and implementation of a unified urban educational environment based on digital platforms.

Dynamic Effect of Green Building Concept for Sustainable Cities under Climate Change via Variable-Order Fractional Derivatives

Dynamic Effect of Green Building Concept for Sustainable Cities under Climate Change via Variable-Order Fractional Derivatives

Ideal construction and adaptation: experiences and implications of idyllic urban planning in Tel Aviv

ABSTRACT As one of the earliest representatives of the garden city concept, Tel Aviv has developed a unique system of urban space under the influence of Zionism, the modern movement and globalisation. The theory of the idyllic city was proposed at the beginning of industrialisation and urbanisation in the 20th century, and is now widely used in the practice of new town construction and urban regeneration. However, the idyllic city is not only a formal expression of concentric circles and parks, but also has wider applications and intrinsic social significance. Through a historical and social contextualisation of Tel Aviv’s idyllic city development over time, we synthesise and compare the early Jewish theory of the idyllic city, the application and adaptation of the idyllic city in Tel Aviv, the strategic planning for sustainable development, and the application of idyllic city planning in today’s new towns. The “adaptive characteristics” of the idyllic city are understood in the context of the “survival and retention” of the plan, providing a reference for the better application of the idyllic city concept in the new era of urban planning to achieve the sustainable development of human beings, society and nature.

Three-Dimensional Web-Based Client Presentation of Integrated BIM and GIS for Smart Cities

Smart cities use technological solutions to reduce the drawbacks of urban living. The importance of BIM and GIS integration has increased with the popularity of smart city and 3D city concepts in recent years. In addition to 3D city models, Building Information Modeling (BIM) is an essential element of smart cities. The 3D city model web client in this study displays three-dimensional (3D) city models created using photogrammetric techniques, BIM, and campus infrastructure projects. The comparison and integration of the aforementioned systems were evaluated. A web-based 3D client framework and implementation for combined BIM and 3D city models are the goals of the submitted work. The Web is a very challenging platform for 3D data presentation. The Cesium engine based on HTML5 and WebGL is an open-source creation and the virtualcityMAP application using the Cesium infrastructure was used in this study.

Harmonizing Urban Futures: Integrating Smart and Sustainable City Principles

In an era marked by rapid urbanization and evolving urban challenges, understanding the intricate relationship between sustainable and smart city principles is paramount for shaping resilient and future- ready cities. This study delves into the integration of sustainable and smart city principles, aiming to illuminate their interconnectedness in contemporary urban contexts. By analyzing the latest academic understanding of this integration, the research contributes to the development of comprehensive frameworks guiding urban development strategies. Through bibliometric analysis using VOSviewer, key factors such as air quality, intelligent transportation systems, internet connectivity, urban growth, solar energy, and learning processes emerge as central to understanding the interplay between smart and sustainable cities. This analysis informs efforts towards integrated urban development and resilience. The study hypothesizes that smart city principles build upon sustainable city foundations, as evidenced by interrelated indicators across urban domains. Recognizing the significance of this integration, urban planners and policymakers can craft strategies that prioritize sustainability, innovation, and inclusivity, thus shaping resilient and future-ready cities. By elucidating the symbiotic relationship between smart and sustainable city concepts, this research offers insights crucial for addressing contemporary urban challenges and fostering sustainable urban development globally.

Rare yet relevant: Trondheim Cooperative Housing Association

ABSTRACT The paper explores the history of the housing cooperative Trondhjems Kooperative Boligselskap (TKB) [The Trondheim Cooperative Housing Association] in relation to societal and political currents in contemporary Norway. The article also discusses how the neighbourhood and its architectural layout were adapted to changing uses over a 100-year period. Established in 1922, the TKB is the second-oldest housing cooperative in Norway. An important distinction from similar cooperatives was its construction process, where members of the construction workers’ union built their own homes and set up a production unit to continue developing new projects. Two related movements contributed to the TKBB’s foundation: Firstly, the work of the Norwegian Association of Housing Reforms, and the Own Homes movement, both inspired by the Ebenezer Howard Garden City concept. Secondly, the labour movement, which initiated the construction of the TKB. The main actor behind the housing association was the Norwegian architect and planner, Sverre Pedersen. Consisting of 86 units in 11 duplexes and 16 quadruplexes, the timber houses are organized with small gardens and within larger green communal spaces. The article elaborates on how elements from the TKB’s organizational and architectural principles are relevant to developing social housing in Norway today.

Mathematical Graph Based Urban Simulations as a Tool for Biomimicry Urbanism?

Biomimicry studies natural systems and attempts to use the gained knowledge and understanding to solve human problems. Can biomimicry, if applied in urban planning, help to make our cities more sustainable or, precisely, more friendly for walkable and 15-minute city models? Various researchers identify the following features of natural systems as form fits function, catalysis of cooperation, local contextuality, continuity of development, diversity, integrity, redundancy, decentralization, multifunctionality, and less energy consumption (e.g. TOD if the energy needed for transportation is considered), hierarchy, fractality, etc. The presented research has two objectives: analyze the possibility of describing and evaluating the degree of expression of the features of natural systems in urban spatial structures to use them for comparison, benchmarking, or creation of a biomimicry index; evaluate if cities with more strongly expressed biomimicry features could be considered more walkable and close to the 15-minute city concept. To give answers to the above-presented questions Riga, Vilnius, and Tallinn were investigated. They represent both certain similarities and differences in terms of history, urban planning, political context, size, etc. A simulative mathematical graph model was used as the main tool to describe and analyze complex urban structures based on spatial configurations. Various graph centralities were employed to describe and compare the expression of natural systems’ features in the selected cities. OSM data was used to overlap graph models with such information as the density of inhabitants, concentrations of various points of interest in order to evaluate walkability and 15-minute city friendliness. The research results could be seen as an important step for better understanding of informal principles of biomimicry that can help transform urban areas.

Quantifying the 15-minute city concept

Quantifying the 15-minute city concept

CIRCULARITY OF CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS IN ARCHITECTURAL HERITAGE PRESERVATION

Historic buildings represent an ensemble of related to architecture, materials and technology of the era in which they were built and contribute to the knowledge of contemporary ones. Materials resulting from the demolition of old buildings, such as: bricks, wood and vegetal materials, concrete, gravel, stone and sand, masonry and rubble, metals, plastic, glass, drywall, cardboard and paper, sanitary fixtures, fibers (asbestos, glass, steel, natural), can get a new life, becoming part of a new building, streets, facades or even a city, in the context of circular architecture and the Smart City concept. The case of the specimens based on polyurethane waste will be discussed in this paper, as partial substitutes in the composition of new building structures. Also, methods for characterization and testing of these new compositions will be discussed and evaluated.

Development of an "Integrated Sustainability Performance Indicators" Model for the Smart City Program in Makassar

The Need to Understand Factors Influencing Community Participation in Smart City Programs and to Evaluate Their Impact on Urban Progress This study aims to explore the implementation of the Smart City concept in Makassar, focusing on aspects of inclusion, sustainability, and the application of telemedicine technology. The research employs a quantitative methodology, designing a structured questionnaire encompassing variables such as environmental quality, economic vitality, social equity, and technological innovation. Data were collected through various online platforms and analyzed using statistical techniques like correlation analysis and regression modeling. The findings indicate that the majority of participants are males under 30 years old, with backgrounds in farming and entrepreneurship, reflecting high interest in the Smart City concept among this demographic group. These insights are crucial for realizing an inclusive and sustainable Smart City in Makassar and highlight the importance of accessibility and active participation from all community sectors for the success of the Smart City program.

Application of Electrical Automation in Smart City

With the acceleration of urbanization, the concept of smart city came into being, aiming to improve the efficiency of urban management and the quality of life of residents through advanced information technology and integrated innovative technologies. Electrical automation is the foundation and support of smart city construction, and its intelligent and automated application is crucial to realize the functions of smart city. This article explores several key application areas of electrical automation in smart cities, including smart grids, smart buildings, smart transportation, smart security, etc., and analyzes how these technologies contribute to the development of smart cities, as well as the benefits they bring, and looks at future trends.

Action Plans Study: Principles of Green Chemistry, Sustainable Development, and Smart Cities

The sustainability of cities is a challenge due to the growth, functioning, and needs of the population. In this context, the concept of the smart city has gained prominence worldwide in the last decades. In Brazil, it has also drawn attention driven by technological advances and the search for innovative solutions to urban challenges. Several different reports were created aiming to assess and categorize the advancement of cities in this regard. Some of them established their own indicators for this evaluation, whereas others are based on standards ISO 37120 and ISO 37122. The focus of this study revolves around the examination of indicators presently utilized, which may be influenced by initiatives grounded in the principles of green chemistry (PGCs). Furthermore, it explores how these principles can aid in the realization of the targets outlined in the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) set forth by the United Nations. Two case studies are presented, the first pointing out how PGCs and SDGs can correlate with smart city reporting indicators. The second is a case study centered on the Brazilian city of Curitiba (PR). We aim to exemplify how the city’s action plans underscore the significance of synergy among the principles of green chemistry, the objectives of sustainable development, and indicators for smart cities. Assessing how chemically green a city can be is a relevant argument for future industrial installations and stakeholders and the influence of this index on the quality of life of its population. Such an approach not only fosters innovation and efficiency but also fosters environmental stewardship, thus contributing to overall sustainability.

A Quantitative Assessment Approach to Implement Pneumatic Waste Collection System Using a New Expert Decision Matrix Related to UN SDGs

An innovative decision matrix has been developed to guide the selection and implementation of Pneumatic Urban Solid Waste Collection Systems (PUSWCS) in smart city projects. This study comprehensively collects and analyzes data on the advantages and disadvantages of pneumatic collection systems from technical, economic, and social perspectives. A decision-making tool was created to address the complexities of evaluating the desirability of incorporating PUSWCS in municipalities or specific areas, using a holistic approach. The tool assesses the technical, economic, and social feasibility of implementing PUSWCS, aligning it with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). Specific variables are measured to assess compliance with the SDGs, distinguishing technical aspects from economic and social aspects. The methodology includes surveys of system users and technicians, expert assessments, and the development of a decision matrix that cross-references study variables and SDGs. The matrix assigns numerical values to the Magnitude (M) and Impact (I) of each variable, enabling quantitative interpretation. This holistic approach accommodates the complexities of waste management and diverse stakeholder perspectives. The results demonstrate the matrix’s effectiveness in accurately assessing the desirability of implementing PUSWCS. This confirms the matrix’s ability to optimally integrate with innovative smart city concepts and align with long-term sustainability goals. The study concludes that the design of the decision matrix allows the collection of information from experts, users, and stakeholders about economic, social, and environmental variables and relates them to the SDGs, to obtain a numerical result that allows to decide whether in a given urban environment it is advisable to implement a PUSWCS.

The Intersection of the Internet of Things and Smart Cities: A Tertiary Study

Since the transition from an agricultural to an industrial economy, cities have attracted large masses of people in search of their facilities. Cities are symbols of progress and opportunities. However, urbanization also brings with it several problems and challenges. Smart Cities (SC) offer a way to address these challenges by using technology to make cities more efficient, sustainable, and livable. There are numerous technologies that enable the concept of smart cities, including the Internet of Things (IoT). The IoT provides the fundamental sensing infrastructure that allows connecting and virtualizing the physical world, extracting environmental variables that serve as initial inputs for decision-making processes. Such processes are provided by software systems whose construction and execution need to deal with the dynamism, heterogeneity and often serendipitous nature that permeate both the domains of smart cities and IoT. As the integration of IoT and Smart Cities paradigms is still at an early stage, and there are not yet holistic solutions to explore the full potential of such a synergy, we carried out a literature review on the topic. In particular, the objective of this article is to describe the results of a structured literature review to identify general concepts about quality attributes, applications, technologies, and challenges of IoT solutions applied to the SC domain. Our main goal is to assist in understanding the basic concepts of the research area through the search for secondary studies. This review is a tertiary study covering 17 reviews and aims to promote a high-level discussion on the identified characteristics and provide an overview of the area to promote a better perception of current development needs and opportunities.

Implementation of smart mobility and relationship with transportation planning and regional development: A case study of South Tangerang city

Urbanization and suburbanization have led to high population growth in certain city regions, resulting in increased population density and mobility. Therefore, there is a need for a concept to address congestion, public transportation, information and communication systems, and non-motorized vehicles. Smart mobility is a concept of urban development as part of the smart city concept based on information and communication technology. Through this concept, it is expected that transportation services will be easily accessible, safe, comfortable, fast, and affordable for the community. This research aims to analyze smart mobility and its relationship with regional transportation planning and the development of South Tangerang, as well as to design a policy strategy model for the planning and development of South Tangerang with smart mobility. The research method used in this study is a mixed method, including analyzing the relationships and weighting of relationships between variables using the Cross Impact Multiplication applied to a classification (MICMAC) matrix. Multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) with Promethee software is also used to obtain the necessary policies. The results of this research indicate that the measurement of relationships between variables shows that smart mobility influences regional transportation planning, smart mobility affects regional development, and regional planning affects regional development. This research also provides alternative policies that policymakers should implement in a specific order. First, ensure the availability of public transportation; second, improve public transportation safety; third, enhance public transportation security; fourth, improve public transportation routes; fifth, provide real-time information access; sixth, improve transportation schedules; and seventh, increase the number of bicycle lanes.

Artificial Intelligence and Sustainability in Architecture: Scientific mapping in WoS with Biblioshiny

This paper explores the evolution of academic debate and research in the field of architecture on AI and sustainability up to 2023. It focuses on the quantitative development of scientific publications on AI, the key countries and organizations behind these publications, key research topics and areas, and whether and how these publications address sustainability. A total of 428 international scientific publications (peer-reviewed articles, reviews and proceedings) on AI and sustainability in architecture were identified in the Web of Science database between 2020-2023. It has been noticed that the number of publications on artificial intelligence is increasing rapidly. Since 2021, a significant increase in the number of publications is observed. The countries with the highest number of publications are China (59%), USA (17%) and UK (15%), while the most frequently used keywords in publications are "performance" (13%), "design" (9%) and "model" (8%). The journals with the highest number of publications are Building and Environment (26%), Buildings (16%) and Journal of Building Engineering (14%). In the most cited papers, it was seen that AI is used to achieve goals such as implementing sustainability principles, reducing environmental impacts and increasing energy efficiency. As a result, the concept of sustainability is integrated into research on artificial intelligence as one of the most important concepts of future cities and architecture.

Integrating Smart City Technologies for Enhanced Urban Sustainability

The concept of smart cities has emerged as a transformative approach to addressing urban challenges while promoting sustainability and enhancing quality of life. This paper explores the integration of smart city technologies as a strategic framework for achieving urban sustainability goals. Key components include the deployment of Internet of Things (IoT) devices, data analytics, and digital infrastructure to optimize resource management, improve efficiency in public services, and mitigate environmental impact. By analyzing case studies and current trends, this study underscores the potential of smart city technologies to foster innovation, resilience, and inclusive growth in urban environments. Ultimately, it advocates for a holistic approach where technological integration is leveraged to create sustainable, livable cities for present and future generations.

Exploring the Environmental and Social Sustainability of Natural Cities. Challenges and Opportunities of Unfinished Buildings Development

As the consequences of climate change become increasingly apparent, it is imperative to enhance the efficiency and control of the construction sector to adapt and mitigate the crisis. This essay examines the complex relationship between informal settlements and sustainable urban development. It emphasizes the significance of adopting a human-centered approach to comprehend and tackle the challenges encountered by these settlements. Fur- thermore, it acknowledges the interconnectivity of urban informality, human nature, and archi- tecture, underscoring the need to observe. The concept of Natural Cities, which evolved from informal settlements, challenges the traditional divide between society and nature by high- lighting their interdependence and coexistence within urban spaces. Sustainable cities embrace this interdependence by following the principles of sustainability and environmental steward- ship, striving to strike a balance between the needs of people and the requirements of the natural world. The article addresses the challenges of abandoned or stalled construction projects in Natural Cities, which can be overcome with the right guidelines and boosts, by presenting a theoretical analysis and suggesting several development approaches for unfinished buildings in these settlements. These practices are based on the principles of "build nothing, less, cleaver, and efficiently" by the World Green Building Council. The article evaluates the approaches in terms of costs, greenhouse gas emissions, and their alignment with the UN's sustainable development goals. Public investments and services can be encouraged in these structures to incentivize sustainable development, ultimately benefiting the residents of informal settlements who are most affected by these challenges. Empowering and including the residents in the planning and decision-making processes is crucial for success. A human-centered approach that recognizes the interconnectedness of urban informality, human nature, and architecture is pivotal in realizing sustainable urban development in informal settlements. By considering the symbiotic relationship between urban and natural elements and involving the community in decision-making processes, we can foster inclusive and resilient natural cities that harmonize with their surroundings and enhance the well-being of their residents.

How does urban industrial structure upgrading affect green productivity? The moderating role of smart city development

The concept of the smart city, which has recently gained prominence as a new urbanization model, represents a practical approach to achieving a balance between economic development and environmental protection. This article analyzes the effect of upgrading urban industrial structures on green total factor productivity (GTFP) and addresses a gap in evaluating the mediating role of smart city development. Utilizing panel data from Chinese prefecture-level cities, the study finds that internal advancements and diversification in industrial structures significantly enhance GTFP, while industrial structure rationalization displays a complex, non-linear correlation with GTFP. Moreover, smart city development is found to positively moderate the relationship between industrial structure and productivity, particularly in terms of outer-advancement, diversification, and rationalization. The moderating effect is evident in green technical efficiency rather than green technological innovation. Cluster analysis reveals significant effects in regions characterized by irrational, diversified, and naturally rational industrial structures. Additionally, the study identifies five impact mechanisms facilitated by smart cities, namely ICT, finance development, digitalization, smart governance, and social trust. These conclusions are of material significance to promote high-quality urban development.

Embracing the digital era: the integration of urban design management in smart city concepts on Kertek Urban Area

Embracing the digital era: the integration of urban design management in smart city concepts on Kertek Urban Area