Concept Of Women Research Articles

IMPLEMENTASI AGENDA WOMEN, PEACE AND SECURITY DI INDONESIA PADA SITUASI PANDEMI GLOBAL COVID-19

This article elaborates the responses and challenges of implementing the WPS agenda in Indonesia in the context of the Covid-19 pandemic. These responses and challenges are seen through the four pillars of WPS, namely Prevention, Participation, Protection, and Assistance and recovery. This article using descriptive qualitative method and using concept of Women, Peace and Security. The findings are in the Prevention and Protection pillar, there has a mechanism for collecting data on gender-based violence by government institutions, as well as protocols for handling the pandemic. In the pillars of participation, assistance and recovery, there has been an increase of participation of women’s groups and civil society organizations in policy-making related to WPS, as well as assistance and handling of the pandemic. However, the mechanisms have not specifically and effectively targeted affected women in conflict areas in Indonesia. WPS RAN has not become a reference in handling pandemic.

The social and cultural consequences of infertility in rural and peri-urban Malawi.

Relatively little is known about infertility experiences among women in rural Malawi and the impact of infertility on women's marital and family relations. This article examines the perspectives of women and health care providers regarding women's concepts of reproductive health and attitudes toward infertility. The paper explores the supports and barriers to managing infertility at the individual, household, and community levels. The data presented was drawn from semi-structured interviews with health care providers and patients within a prevention of mother to child transmission program and focus group discussions with community men and women in four communities in Southern Malawi. Seventy-eight patients, 12 health care providers, and 32 community leaders participated in the study. The findings suggest that gender inequities and kinship relations intersect to produce infertility related stigma which exacerbates the social and cultural consequences of being infertile in these study communities. Social support from other women experiencing infertility is one strategy to help women manage the social and cultural burden of infertility in these study communities. These results shed light on the meaning of motherhood to women living in rural and peri-urban Sub-Saharan African communities and call for an expansion of infertility services, social services, and mental health services for both women and men who experience infertility.

A Primer for Teaching Women, Gender & Sexuality in World History: Ten Design Principles

A Primer for Teaching Women, Gender & Sexuality in World History: Ten Design Principles

Do Cooperatives Improve Female Miners’ Outcomes? A Case Study of Rwanda

Many African countries have encouraged the creation of local cooperatives in their efforts to legalize artisanal and small-scale mining. This exploratory case study of Rwanda's largest mining cooperative examines how cooperative business models, rather than direct company employment, might mitigate women's vulnerabilities in extractive industries. Through feminist political ecology's intersectionality framework, this research asks how cooperatives might improve women's outcomes along three lines—financial gains, gender violence reduction, and legal awareness and empowerment. Qualitative inquiry directly draws from semi-structured interviews, focus-group discussions, and participant observations, and indirectly from mapmaking workshops, with women who are full-time employees, seasonal miners, and farmers near six extraction sites. Based on content analysis in NVivo, this study finds the selected cooperative does not improve women's financial outcomes or lower violence rates compared to private companies in Rwanda. A specific form of gender violence, coerced transactional employment sex, is higher in the cooperative. However, cooperative work may expand women's rights conceptions and legal consciousness. Cooperative members demonstrated a greater understanding of supply chains, government functions, and conflict resolution pathways. These results indicate that cooperatives are not a panacea for rural women’s marginalization but are a starting point for enhanced understandings of socio-economic and legal equities.

Heritage of Ndeer: Performing Martyrdom as a Form of Women’s Resistance and Self-Empowerment in Senegal

In the former Wolof kingdom of Waalo, Senegal, in 1820, women of the town of Ndeer burned themselves to death in defiant resistance against a coalition of Futa Muslim clerics and marauding Moors. This article looks beyond the historicity of that event and examines the process by which its commemorations, through the lens of heritage, empower modern Waalo and Senegalese women in a prelude to International Women's Day. Observation, distance ethnography, and a textual analysis of Nder en Flammes, a play by Alioune Badara Beye, show how heritage as performance can unbury women's heroism and represent it anew to promote gender equality and women's social and economic empowerment. Artfully reperforming such a shocking event awakens strong emotions in participants and in particular helps mobilize resources for the town where the fatal encounter occurred. In evocative commemorations, Senegalese women draw from historical realities to assert their agency through cultural performance and heritage making in the present.

Nisā` Diction as the Concept of Women's Domestic Social Piety in al-Qur’an

This library research analyzes the word Nisā` in al-Qur'an, which describes the women’s domestic roles and standards of social piety in Islamic view. It uses the philosophical-hermeneutical approach and social piety theory to analyze the data. This research results in three main findings: First, social piety in Islam manifests responsibility as God's caliphs on earth. Second, one of social piety description in Islam is by the use of word Nisā` repeatedly in different verses and surahs of al-Qur'an. The last, Nisā` diction to describe the social piety concept, according to al-Qur'an, places women in the domestic dimension to show women's participation as God's caliphs on earth in building the ideal social order. This research contributes to the gender studies overlooked by previous researchers, as the concept of Nisā` in al-Qur'an was ignored.

Relationship Between the Use of Pornography and Marital Sexual Satisfaction with Attitudes Towards Marital Infidelity in Married Women in Zahedan City

Background: The spread of the Internet and the improvement of audio and video media have led to the emergence of an industry called pornography. Objectives: The purpose of this study was to investigate the relationship between the use of pornography and marital sexual satisfaction and attitudes toward marital infidelity in married women in Zahedan. Materials and Methods: This was a descriptive correlational study. The statistical population consisted of all working married women and housewives in Zahedan during 2017. Among them, a sample of 190 people (95 housewives and 95 employed women) was selected through a convenience sampling method. To collect data, the problematic pornography use scale, the Sexual Satisfaction Questionnaire (women's form), and Whatley's attitudes toward marital infidelity scale were used. Data analysis was performed using Pearson correlation coefficient and stepwise regression. Results: According to the results, there was a significant reverse relationship between the use of pornography and its components and marital sexual satisfaction, and the use of pornography to escape or avoid negative emotions was a negative predictor of marital sexual satisfaction. There was a significant direct relationship between the use of pornography and its components and the attitude towards marital infidelity, and the psychological and social problems of using pornography were a positive predictor of attitude towards marital infidelity. Conclusions: It is necessary to consider appropriate strategies to reduce the use of pornography to promote marital sexual satisfaction and reduce the attitude towards marital infidelity in married women.

Conceptualization of Women's Physical Beauty in Javanese Metaphors

Like other societies, women are important figures in Javanese society so that women's figures in Javanese society's thoughts are also described in such a way. There is a desire in the collective imagination of the Javanese community towards women, so that the Javanese people's thoughts about women are very diverse. One of them is the Javanese thought about the physical beauty of women which is idealized through the use of metaphors. This metaphor in Javanese society is an expression of Javanese society to express ideas and dreams through language. This paper aims to find out the metaphorical conceptualization of the physical beauty of women in Javanese. This study uses qualitative methods and conceptual metaphor theory according to Lakoff and Johnson (1980). The results of data analysis show that there is a relationship between the Javanese people and their natural environment in the form of physical and cultural. Physical environment in the form of animals, plants, and other objects around it

Changes in RT-qPCR Levels during and after TKI Interruptions for Attempted Conceptions in Women with CML

Introduction: Amongst the benefits of tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKI) for chronic myeloid leukemia (CML) is the ability for younger patients to consider parenthood. TKI are contraindicated in pregnancy, so for women attempting pregnancy therapy is interrupted. Although successful pregnancy outcomes are well-recognised there are limited data on the likelihood of relapsing off-treatment, and the impact on the disease long-term. This observational study included 28 women who interrupted TKI on 38 occasions, for either planned interruptions to attempt conception or stopping on discovering pregnancy. Our data suggest that although disease and pregnancy outcomes were less good in patients with unplanned interruptions, good outcomes are still possible. Furthermore, the outcome for patients with MMR or better at stopping is so favourable that current recommendations regarding approaches to conception could be revised to address actual rather than optimal behaviour in this unique circumstanceMethods: Using our comprehensive database of 935 TKI-treated patients with CML we identified all women of child-bearing age, and then those who interrupted TKI therapy in the context of planned or unplanned pregnancy. Irrespective of subsequent pregnancy, we collected information regarding previous obstetric history, TKI, RT-qPCR level, line and date at stopping, three monthly RT-qPCR levels during time off treatment, RT-qPCR level at restarting treatment, best RT-qPCR response after restarting, and TKI and RT-qPCR at most recent follow up.Results: Of 174 women aged <46yrs at diagnosis, 28 discontinued TKI on at least one occasion to attempt or continue pregnancy (total attempts =38). There were 18 planned attempts by 14 women to conceive off-treatment, of which 8 were successful. Women were advised to limit their attempt at conception to 6 months, to allow for a maximum time off-treatment of 15 months should pregnancy occur. The median time off-treatment prior to conception or re-starting was 193 (61-223) days. The 8 conceptions, resulted in 6 healthy babies and two spontaneous abortions. The median time off-treatment for successful conception attempts was 373 (173-1131) days. Four further women used assisted conception because of some combination of older age, history of unsuccessful conception prior to diagnosis and less deep response levels. IVF was unsuccessful in 2 cases (29/32 days off-treatment), the remaining 2 women progressed to term and had three healthy babies (one twin pregnancy) each with 304/658 days off-treatment. Responses at stopping were MR3 or deeper in 20/22 (91%). Eight women remained in MMR or better while 12 lost MMR, eight also lost CCyR, but none lost CHR. Ten of the 12 have regained MR3 and the remaining 2 cases have only recently restarted TKI.Thirteen women discovered on 16 occasions that they were pregnant on TKI, and all stopped treatment beyond 5 weeks gestation but within the first trimester. There were 3 abortions (1 elective and 2 spontaneous), and 13 live births (10 healthy, 2 with perinatal problems and 1 with a congenital abnormality). At stopping, 9/16 were in MR3 or deeper: 8 lost MMR, 7 lost CCyR and 1 lost CHR. Seven of 8 regained MMR but the remaining case has not regained CCyR 1933 days after re-starting treatment. Of the 7 patients not in MMR at stopping, 6 obtained MMR or deeper on re-starting therapy and the remaining case is in CHR, 123 days from re-starting TKI.Conclusion: By considering the outcomes of 38 attempts at pregnancy in women taking TKI treatment, we found first and foremost that temporary cessation of therapy can allow women with CML to have a baby. Twenty-nine women were in MMR at time of stopping, of whom 9 remained in MMR off therapy, which suggests that advice pertaining to time off TKI should be tailored to RT-qPCR results and not to arbitrary time-limits. Of 20 women who lost MMR, 18 regained this level on re-starting (remaining 2 women too early after re-starting to assess response), which supports the general advice that stopping therapy should be delayed until MMR is obtained, However of the 9 women who were not in MMR at stopping, 6 have subsequently obtained MMR with 3 achieving MR4, suggesting that good responses can still be obtained and the possibility of more flexible approaches (assisted conception, pulsed TKI treatment, TKI holidays etc) for women unable to obtain optimal responses in a biologically timely manner. DisclosuresMilojkovic:Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria, Speakers Bureau; BMS: Consultancy, Honoraria; ARIAD: Consultancy, Honoraria. Abruzzese:Novartis: Consultancy; BMS: Consultancy; Incyte: Consultancy; Pfizer: Consultancy. Mauro:Bristol-Myers Squibb: Consultancy. Foroni:Incyte: Honoraria, Research Funding; Ariad: Honoraria, Research Funding. Apperley:Sun Pharma: Honoraria; Ariad: Consultancy, Honoraria, Membership on an entity's Board of Directors or advisory committees, Research Funding; Novartis: Consultancy, Honoraria, Other: travel, accommodations, expenses , Research Funding, Speakers Bureau; Bristol Myers Squibb: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Pfizer: Consultancy, Honoraria, Research Funding; Therakos: Honoraria; Incyte: Honoraria.

Reform Difference of Chinese Women's Consumption Concept Under the Background of Computer Big Data

With the development of science and technology, since the ad emerging of computers, life is becoming faster and faster, and social development is becoming faster and faster. With the development of the times, big data is frequently mentioned, in this context, as well as in the context of the current promotion of national rejuvenation, more and more mention of Chinese clothing, and because the purchase of clothes is mainly women, so chinese women's clothing mention rate is the highest. Therefore, the purpose of this paper is mainly to explore the reform differences of Chinese women's consumption concept under the background of computer big data. After collecting the data by looking for the appropriate algorithm, this paper analyzes the differences between chinese women's consumption differences before and after the reform, and discusses them in order to experiment to get the data results. The experimental results show that with the development of the times, the difference of Chinese women's consumption concept is changing more and more.

فہمیدہ ریاض کے تصور ِحقوق نسواں کا اسلامی تعلیمات کی روشنی میں ایک جائزہ: An Overview of Fehmīda Riāz's Concept of Women's rights in the light of Islamic teachings

This article presents an overview of Fehmīda Riāz's concept of Women's rights in the light of Islamic teachings. Fehmīda Riāz may not have considered Islamic teachings to be flawed in terms of women's rights, but her study of eastern was that of those who believed in Islamic beliefs, but were far from the practical form of the Islamic social system. History has shown that it is the so-called Muslims who have brought Islam into disrepute, who have only embraced the Islamic system of worship, while ignoring other aspects. However a reader sees Fehmīda Riāz as far from moderate in this regard, which may lead to the conclusion that under the guise of women's rights, men's rights appear to be affected, and in the light of Islamic teachings, men's denial is often an essential part of this thinking. As the Quran and Sunnah insist that a woman's existence will be protected as long as she is inside the house, Fehmīda Riāz insists on pulling her out, which is an unmediated attitude. Veil and modesty is an important and fundamental subject of Islam, the details of which are clear in the Quran and Ḥadīth, as well as the aspect of establishing peace and order in Islamic society in terms of mutual relations. The way in which women are portrayed in Fehmīda's fictions and novels, Islamic values ​​are not ready to accept even for a moment. Fehmīda's influence by the West cannot be denied, but her sincerity and deafness to Islamic teachings do not go unnoticed. In fact, Fehmīda's seems to be a representative of the particular class, who are imitators of feminist rights in Europe, while the majority of Pakistani society tends to be Islamist and traditionalist. That is why Fehmīda and her ideas are being severely criticized.

الوعي بالتجارة الإلکترونية لدى المرأة : دراسة استشرافية بالمملکة العربية السعودية في ظل جائحة کورونا کوفيد-19

مستخلص: هدفت الدراسة إلى التعرف على مفهوم التجارة الإلکترونية لدى المرأة السعودية من وجهة نظر طالبات جامعة الأميرة نورة ، کما هدفت إلى تقديم تصور مقترح لاستشراف هذه التجارة بالنسبة للمرأة في ظل جائحة کورونا کوفيد- 19. واستخدمت استبانة حوت (33) عبارة شملت: مفهوم التجارة الإلکترونية؛ ومزايا التجارة الإلکترونية، وتحديات التجارة الإلکترونية، وأهمية التجارة الإلکترونية، والاتجاه نحو التجارة الإلکترونية. کما تم قياس الصدق والثبات. ووزعت الاستبانة إلکترونيا على عينة بلغت (300) طالبة. وتم إجراء مقابلات مع عينة بلغت (30 طالبة).واستخدمت التکرارات والنسب المئوية واختبار مربع کاي والرتب في تحليل البيانات. وکشفت النتائج تباين المفاهيم، حيث جاء مفهوم بيع وشراء السلع باستخدام التطبيقات الإلکترونية بالرتبة الأولى. وکانت أبرز المزايا إتاحة التجارة الإلکترونية خلال 24 ساعة على مدار السنة. وتصدرت قائمة التحديات رغبة البعض في الدفع عند التسليم بدلا عن الدفع الإلکتروني المقدم؛ وعدم ثقة المستهلک بجودة المنتجات؛ وعدم الاطمئنان على البيانات والبطاقات البنکية. إضافة إلى الغش في الأسعار وخدمات التوصيل. وبينت النتائج وجود اتجاهات سالبة بسبب هذه التحديات . کما کشفت الوعي بهذه التجارة و أنها فرصة لزيادة الدخل والتمکين الاجتماعي للمرأة. و اتفقت العينة على أن التزام التاجرة الإلکترونية بأخلاقيات التجارة يعزز صورة الاسلام المعتدل، ووضحت أهمية تأسيس متاجر إلکترونية خاصة بالمنتجات السعودية. وقدمت المجيبات مقترحات متعددة. وشملت التوصيات ترقية منظومة التجارة الإلکترونية بتضمين محور إدارة الأزمات، وإکساب المرأة مهارات المشارکة الفاعلة في هذه التجارة، و إنشاء جمعية للتجارة الإلکترونية للمرأة. وقدمت الدراسة مقترحا لاستشراف التجارة الإلکترونية للمرأة السعودية. Abstract ; The study aims to investigate the Saudi woman's awareness of electronic commerce (EC) from Princess Norah University (PNU) students' points of view. It also aims to provide a suggested futuristic framework for (EC) on the shade of the coronavirus covid-19 outbreak. For data collection a questionnaire of (33) items was developed containing (5) themes. These are: The concepts of (EC), advantages of (EC) represented, the challenges of (EC), the awareness of the importance of (EC) and the woman's attitudes toward (EC). The questionnaire was reviwed by specialists and both its validity (alpha= 0.001) and reliability were statistically measured(alpha= 0.001) . The research followed the futuristic studies methodology. The results indicate the high value for both the validity and reliability of this tool to be implemented. The questionnaire was electronically distributed to a sample of (300) students. To investigate the depth of the responses, an interview guide that included 8 main questions and some probes was conducted with a sample of (30) PNU students. The results showed women's diverse concepts of (EC) such as electronic buying & selling and lack of using banking services. Also, (EC) allows its service for 24 hours without time or geographical barriers. In addition, (EC) supports women's small-scale business projects. On the other hand, the challenges emerged included lack of trust of (EC) especially with regard to banking services, as well as women's poor technological skills and competencies. Also, they included fraud in prices, specifications of products and in delivery services. Moreover, the results revealed women's negative attitudes toward (EC) due to these challenges. Additionally, the results pointed out that the ethical commitment of women electronic merchants enhances the image of moderate Islam. They showed the importance of establishing international electronic shops specially for Saudi products. The sample provided multiple suggestions including: customer services, presentation and marketing, building trustin EC, payment methods, rules and regulations. The study provided a set of recommendations included action steps for upgrading Saudi's (EC) foresight and encompassing crisis management as a theme into its system, urging researchers to conduct continuous evaluative studies in (EC) on the shade of the coronavirus covid-19 crisis, establishing an (EC) association for women, and empowering Saudi women with skill and competency to participate effectively in the (EC).

Timing of Maximal Weight Reduction Following Bariatric Surgery: A Study in Chinese Patients.

Introduction: Bariatric surgery is a well-received treatment for obesity with maximal weight loss at 12–36 months postoperatively. We investigated the effect of early bariatric surgery on weight reduction of Chinese patients in accordance with their preoperation characteristics.Materials and Methods: Altogether, 409 patients with obesity from a prospective cohort in a single bariatric center were enrolled retrospectively and evaluated for up to 4 years. Measurements obtained included surgery type, duration of diabetic condition, besides the usual body mass index data tuple. Weight reduction was expressed as percent total weight loss (%TWL) and percent excess weight loss (%EWL).Results: RYGB or SG were performed laparoscopically without mortality or complications. BMI generally plateaued at 12 months, having decreased at a mean of 8.78 kg/m2. Successful weight loss of >25% TWL was achieved by 35.16, 49.03, 39.22, 27.74, 20.83% of patients at 6, 12, 24, 36, and 48 months after surgery. Overall, 52.91% of our patients had lost 100% of their excess weight at 12 months, although there was a rather wide range among individuals. Similar variability was revealed in women of child-bearing age.Conclusion: Chinese patients undergoing bariatric surgery tend to achieve maximal weight loss and stabilization between 12 and 24 months postoperatively, instead of at >2 years. The finding of the shorter stabilization interval has importance to earlier intervention of weight loss related conditions and women's conception planning.

Impact of culture on refugee women's conceptualization and experience of postpartum depression in high-income countries of resettlement: A scoping review.

The global refugee population has reached a staggering 25.9 million. Approximately 16% of global refugees resettle in high-income countries which are often culturally very different from their home countries. This can create cross-cultural challenges when accessing health services, leading to inappropriate assessments, diagnoses and treatments if cultural background is not factored in. The impact of culture on the conceptualization and experience of postpartum depression (PPD) amongst migrant women has received growing attention in recent years, however, a specific focus on refugee and asylum-seeking women is lacking. Given the unique mental health challenges refugee women face, it is hypothesized that the interplay between culture and postpartum depression amongst refugee women may differ from other migrant women. Therefore, a scoping review was conducted to characterize what is known about the impact of culture on the conceptualization and experience of PPD in refugee women resettled in high-income countries. This study was conducted as a scoping review in accordance with the Joanna Briggs Institute's Methodology for Scoping Reviews. A systematic search of studies addressing the relationship between culture and postpartum depression amongst refugee women (including asylum-seeking women) resettled in high-income countries was conducted across 6 databases including MEDLINE, PsycINFO and SOCINDEX between June 2018 and August 2019. A total of 637 articles were found. Studies were eligible if they focused on refugee women who had a pregnancy during forced migration or upon resettlement in a high-income country and focused on the impact of culture on women's conceptualization and/or experience of PPD. Eight studies met inclusion criteria and were included in the final analysis, the majority of which were qualitatively driven. Four key themes emerged: 1) there are diverse conceptualizations and experiences of postpartum depression amongst refugee women; 2) mental health stigma has a significant impact on women's conceptualizations and experiences of postpartum depression and help-seeking behaviors; 3) cultural traditions and social support play protective roles in postpartum mental wellbeing; and, 4) host culture has a significant influence on the pregnancy and postpartum experience of refugee women. The overall themes align with those seen in the literature on migrant women in general, however significant research gaps remain. The studies identified through this scoping review provide a rich description of the significant impact culture has on the conceptualization and experience of postpartum depression among refugee women resettled in high-income countries. Though overall themes align with those seen in the literature on migrant women in general, further research is needed to better characterize how culture impacts refugee women's experiences of PPD as a distinct sub-group of migrant women.

Concepts of Women’s Sexual Education and Dispute over Co- -education in Poland between Two World Wars

Concepts of Women’s Sexual Education and Dispute over Co- -education in Poland between Two World Wars

Japanese women's perceptions of gender roles and leadership and the effects of a Women & Leadership Course: A qualitative analysis

In this qualitative, exploratory study, we interviewed 35 Japanese college women about their awareness of gender roles/stereotypes, leadership conceptions/experiences, and future aspirations. We further compared participants who took a Women & Leadership course with those who did not to examine the program's consciousness-raising potential. Using an iterative, thematic analysis approach, several themes emerged, including leadership barriers (e.g., confidence), role model influences (particularly other women), and the course's effects on women's leadership conceptions (e.g., feminine = leader). We discuss our findings in terms of existing literature on Japanese gender roles and leadership and argue that more research on college-aged Japanese women and their professional identity development is necessary to facilitate cultural/policy changes.

Bipolar Disorder in the Menopausal Transition.

We review recent data on bipolar disorder in menopausal-aged women, particularly in women undergoing the menopausal transition (MT). We discuss evidence on the severity of symptoms in bipolar women during the MT. Moreover, we address two factors in bipolar disorder and menopausal research: standardized menopausal staging and women's conceptualization of their menopausal and bipolar symptoms. While there are few studies within the last 5years on bipolar women undergoing the MT, new evidence suggest that mood symptoms in women worsen with progression through the MT. Consistent use of the standardized menopausal staging system can facilitate understanding of the timing of worsening symptoms. Moreover, whether women conceptualize their symptoms as arising from their MT or bipolar disorder can influence whether they seek hormonal therapy or psychiatric treatment, respectively. The MT is a potential time for mood instability in vulnerable women, which can manifest as first-onset development of bipolar disorder or increased symptom severity in women with pre-existing bipolar disorder. Adoption of a standardized menopausal staging may offer novel frameworks for understanding of the role of the MT in bipolar disorder.

Success and agency: localizing women’s leadership in Oman

Purpose This study aims to examine women’s leadership in Oman, seeking to empirically determine whether and how local perceptions of “success” and lifestyle preferences are related to women’s agency and propensity for leadership. Design/methodology/approach Drawing on the literature, this paper qualitatively analyzes 32 semi-structured interviews of diverse Omani women leaders, identifying their conceptions of success as predominantly subjective or objective. At the same time, the study uses Hakim’s (2006) lifestyle preference model to explore women's agency. Findings Contrary to the literature on the central importance of domestic responsibilities for Arab Muslim women, more women in leadership positions are identified as career-centered (14/32, 44%); those who did identify as family-centered (6/32, 19%) did not cite Islam to justify that preference, and success is envisioned more subjectively (19/32, 59%). Research limitations/implications The sample has an urban bias and does not claim to be representative of all Omani women. Interviews were conducted in English; most women leaders in Oman are required to speak English. Practical implications By analyzing work-life balance preferences as a proxy for agency and interrogating Omani women's own conceptions of success, the study may lead to more robust and culturally aware policies to support women’s leadership. Social implications Defining in subjective terms suggests that success is not necessarily equated with achieving a high level position for Omani women. Further, only 6/32 were identified as home-centered, thus indicating the critical importance of domestic support from hired labor or family members. Originality/value This study contributes new empirical findings on women leaders in Oman that illustrates the role of personal agency and lifestyle preference in contrast to many studies that treat culture as a constant.

Intersex, infertility and the future: early diagnoses and the imagined life course.

Infertility is often recognised as a status that is medically identified in adulthood after unsuccessful attempts to conceive. This paper develops existing literature by illustrating how current conceptualisations of infertility do not incorporate a full range of experiences. Drawing on detailed, reflective diaries and in-depth interviews with five participants, I explore how infertility is experienced and understood by women with variations of sex characteristics (VSCs) or intersex traits. I argue that greater consideration needs to be applied to intersex people and the circumstances of an infertility status that may be received in infancy, childhood or adolescence, before or outside of attempts to conceive, and without undergoing fertility treatment. Through discussions of time and futurity, this paper seeks to explore how visions of the future coalesce with an infertile status that is received in combination with an atypical sex status early in life. The paper indicates that early infertility can hinder some intersex children and young people's ambitions. However, infertility is not understood to be pathological or consistently prohibitive throughout the lives of everyone affected. Intersex women's conceptions of a potentially childless future are varied, complex, ambivalent and, in some cases, transitional throughout the life course.

DELEUZE CINEMATICA’ ETHIC IN JAVA WOMEN'S REPRESENTATION ON ‘SETAN JAWA’ GARIN NUGROHO'S FILM

Film is a medium of visual communication that plays a role in the dissemination of women's concept discourse in Indonesia, one of which is due to its distinctive characteristics that can last for a long period of time, potentially wider in its dissemination, including also being a mass media hypnotic culture. The film is closely related to the concept of gaze, male gaze in the cinematography industry, which according to overly uses men's views, which is positioning women as subjects who have no power over themselves (self-possessiveness) but as objects of male gaze. Women become commodities in the film, a sex object that is commodified to construct an image that represents the position of women is as an additional role that is not important in one film narrative. In the male gaze narration, women in the film do not act, but become part of the actions of men. Morally, male gaze assumes that the behavior of women in films has a vacuum, but in Garin Nugroho's 'Setan Jawa’ using Deleuze's cinematic study, women are positioned to have other representations that differ from the ethics of cinematics which do not place women as signs of sex objectification for the sake of fulfillment of men's desires, but as subjects who are fully empowered and may wish of themselves.