Concept Of Welfare State Research Articles

Evaluasi Program Rumah Sejahtera di Kabupaten Hulu Sungai Selatan

Implementation of the Prosperous Home Program (PRS) as an implementation of the welfare state concept in alleviating poverty and creating a livable area is the government's effort to realize the nation's prosperity. In this study, the researcher aims to comprehensively analyze and describe how the distribution of the Prosperous Home Program (PRS) grant assistance to poor communities in Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency is implemented. This research uses the method qualitative to comprehensively examine the results of the achievement of the Prosperous Home Program (PRS) without using statistics in the analysis procedure. The data collection process carried out was direct observation, structured interviews and documentation. The results of the research show that the target that the Regional Government wanted to achieve through the Hulu Sungai Selatan Regency Social Service in 2014 has been realized, by repairing around 6,077 units of uninhabitable houses by 2023. Apart from achieving the target, in its implementation there are several obstacles such as failure to provide craftsmen who have an impact on the home repair process and can influence the reporting process for the implementation of the Prosperous Home Program which results in delays in the home repair process.

Government Policies in Implementing Social Welfare for National Development

This study evaluates the welfare state model applied in the development of Indonesia and the relevance of the welfare state concept in developing Indonesian policies. The method used is qualitative research, and the research object is government policies utilized in the application of the welfare state concept (welefar staat) in the forms of documents, books, and journals, as well as research results. Secondary data in the form of documents, laws and regulations, references/books, journals, and other supporting documents were obtained by researchers from existing sources in the literature. . Data were recorded and materials were systematically analyzed. Data analysis was done in the form of a clear and concrete description of the objects discussed qualitatively. Results show that the Indonesian government separates model categories in running a welfare state, namely the old-age security program and the healthcare program. This means that state administrators (government) must continuously strive to achieve the welfare of their citizens. This is a constitutional mandate that cannot be simply ignored, so it is impossible for state administrators to escape it.
 Keywords: government policy, social welfare, national development

The Dilemma of Fulfilling Informal Sector Workers' Rights in the Indonesian Welfare State Concept

Konsep negara kesejahteraan berkaitan erat dengan pembatasan kemiskinan (poverty threshold) dan standar minimum kesejahteraan masyarakat. Bahkan, jauh sebelum Goodin, Ass Brigss (1961) menyatakan kewajiban negara kesejahteraan yaitu melakukan peningkatan kesejahteraan warganya, yang dimulai dari fase awal (origins) menuju negara berkembang (development) sehingga bermuara kepada welfare state. Dengan demikian, negara kesejahteraan merupakan negara yang menjalankan kekuasaan untuk mencapai tujuan yang bermuara pada terwujudnya kesejahteraan bagi rakyatnya.Tujuan dari penelitian ini untuk menganalisis pemenuhan hak atas tenaga kerja sektor informal ditinjau dari konsep welfare state. Penelitian ini adalah terkait bagaimana bentuk pemenuhan hak pekerja sektor informal di Indonesia yang diatur melalui Undang-Undang Nomor 13 tahun 2003 Tentang Ketenagakerjaan yang disempurnakan dengan Undang-Undang Nomor 11 tahun 2020 Tentang Cipta Kerja Undang-Undang Nomor 40 Tahun 2004 tentang Sistem Jaminan Sosial Nasional, Undang-Undang Nomor 24 tahun 2011 tentang Badan Penyelenggara Jaminan Sosial. Peneltian hukum normatif dengan pendekatan undang-undang dan konseptual digunakan sebagai metode dalam penelitian ini. Data yang digunakan yaitu data sekunder yang memuat bahan hukum primer dan sekunder. Teknik pengumpulan data yang digunakan yaitu studi literatur review yang kemudian dianalisis menggunakan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Dari hasil penelitian ini menunjukkan bahwa Undang-Undang Ketenagakerjaan yang kemudian lebih lanjut diatur dalam ketentuan Undang-Undang Cipta Kerja belum memberikan kesejahteraan yang sepadan terhadap pekerja sektor informal di Indonesia. Hal ini tentu bertentangan dengan ketentuan yang diatur dalam sistem jaminan sosial nasional guna mewujudkan negara yang makmur dan sejahtera dalam hal sosial, sehingga perlu diatur terkait pengaturan hal tersebut. The concept of a welfare state is closely related to poverty thresholds and minimum standards of public welfare. In fact, long before Goodin, Ass Brigss (1961) stated that the obligation of the welfare state is to improve the welfare of its citizens, which starts from the initial phase (origins) to the developing state (development) so that it leads to the welfare state. Thus, a welfare state is a state that exercises power to achieve goals that lead to the realisation of welfare for its people.The purpose of this research is to analyse the fulfilment of the rights of informal sector workers in terms of the concept of welfare state. This research is related to how the form of fulfilment of the rights of informal sector workers in Indonesia is regulated through Law Number 13 of 2003 concerning Manpower which is enhanced by Law Number 11 of 2020 concerning Job Creation Law Number 40 of 2004 concerning the National Social Security System, Law Number 24 of 2011 concerning the Social Security Provider Agency. Normative legal research with a statutory and conceptual approach is used as a method in this research. The data used is secondary data containing primary and secondary legal materials. The data collection technique used is a literature review study which is then analysed using a qualitative descriptive method. The results of this research show that the Manpower Law which is then further regulated in the provisions of the Job Creation Law has not provided commensurate welfare to informal sector workers in Indonesia. This is certainly contrary to the provisions stipulated in the national social security system in order to realise a prosperous and socially prosperous country, so it is necessary to regulate this matter.

Application of The Concept of Welfare State in The Implementation of Health Social Security Programs

Indonesia adopts the concept of a welfare state. However, there are many challenges, such as the sustainability of the national health insurance program, equal distribution of health facilities and subsidies for people who cannot afford it, so they have not achieved expectations. The Welfare State is an ideal idea of how the state carries out its duties in order to serve all citizens towards a harmonious and prosperous life order. The Indonesian state is one of the adherents of the concept of a material legal state which actually adopts the concepts of a welfare state which can be implicitly found in the general explanation of the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. However, there are many challenges such as the sustainability of the national health insurance program, equal distribution of health facilities and subsidies for people who cannot afford it so that it has not achieved what was expected.

Mainstreaming of Social Protection Agenda in the Political Parties' Election Manifesto in Nepal

Social protection is indispensable for poverty reduction, a dignified life, and a secure future. According to the concept of a socialist public welfare state, it is the responsibility of the state to provide social security to facilitate the lives of weak, disadvantaged, and vulnerable communities and to ensure quality, safe, and protected lives of all citizens. Thus, social protection agenda are intrinsically political in nature. This paper is based on review of manifestos of various political parties in Nepal for the local, provincial, and federal elections. It was noted that the provisions for education, health, infrastructural development, social protection allowances, shelter, rest homes, care centers, and drinking water among other topics, have been covered in the manifestos of the major political parties. However, the social protection provisions are vague and do not exclusively cover the most vulnerable populations, including children, youths, sexual and gender minority children, and people with disabilities. It further proves that social protection allowances and schemes proposed by political parties are heavily skewed toward elderly citizens. The political parties need to be more capacitated, sensitive, committed, and aware of the multiple dimensions of social protection to ensure complete political ownership of the agenda.

Government Intervention in Employment in Indonesia Based on Welfare State Theory

The emergence of the theory of the welfare state provides wider intervention to the state, in this case the government, especially in seeking the welfare of society, including in terms of employment. The Indonesian Constitution affirms philosophically that promoting public welfare is the responsibility of the government so that its role in employment is very much needed. The relationship between workers/laborers and employers arises from existence of a working agreement. The nature of the prevailing work assention is decided by the boss straightforwardly putting the position of the worker/laborer as the frail party. Therefore, even though at first the employment relationship only involved workers/laborers and employers, it needs to be regulated and supervised by the government as a form of protection for workers/laborers who are always in a disadvantageous position. The presence of the government as the maker and implementer and supervisor of employment policies is a form of implementation and development of welfare state concept. This concept emphasizes that the state does not only maintain law and order but is mindful for looking for the welfare of the individuals. The presence of the government as the maker and implementer and supervisor of employment policies is a form of implementation and development of the concept of the Welfare State. This concept emphasizes that the state does not only maintain law and order but is responsible for seeking the welfare of the people. The presence of the government as the maker and implementer and supervisor of employment policies is a form of implementation and development of the concept of the Welfare State. This concept emphasizes that the state does not only maintain law and order but is dependable for looking for the welfare of the people.This welfare state hypothesis was received within the introduction to the 1945 Structure of the Republic of Indonesia. So that inside the scope of work relations it cannot be isolated from the part and destinations of the State.

Umer Chapra's Critique of The Western Concept of Welfare State

This study aims to dissect Chapra's critique of the Western concept of welfare state, and his thoughts on welfare state in Islam in order to solve the problem of impasse in the thinking of modern economists. This research provides enlightenment on how the concept of the welfare state is actually in Islam through the idea of Umer Chapra. The relevance of his thoughts is juxtaposed with the current state of the Indonesian state. This research is expected to be a strong reference for academics and practitioners in addressing the concept of the welfare state. The method in this study uses a qualitative approach with a library research model. Data is obtained from various sources, such as Umer Chapra's master book in the discussion of welfare states, journals, or news info from newspapers. The results of the study show that Umer Chapra's criticism is very comprehensive. Chapra focused in his mind on the Islamic worldview, economic strategy, and welfare state goals. Islamic values are instilled in the strategy of regulating the country's economy. As for its relevance to the state of Indonesia, the results of the analysis show that Chapra's criticism of the welfare state and his thoughts are still relevant to the current state of Indonesia.

Challenges as a Driving Force for the Modernization of Social Statehood in Europe

One of the most significant social achievements of the twentieth century was the development and implementation of the welfare state concept within the framework of the theory of a democratic, rule-of-law state which ensures the best option for social and economic development, as well as political stability in society. It is proved that although, since the 1970s, some economists, political scientists and lawyers have periodically sharply criticized the concept of the welfare State, predicting its decline, the positive results of its transformation in European countries, as well as the development of the European Social Community within the European Union, show that the welfare State has a chance not only to survive, but also to remain one of the fundamental principles of statehood in democratic countries, and an element of the supranational organization of power embodied in the European Union.The purpose of the article is to analyze the traditional and new challenges to the welfare state which determine the change of approaches to its functioning and priorities at the current stage of development of state-legal and interstate (integration) relations.The key idea that structures the study is the thesis that European states that form a united Europe or aspire to join it, such as Ukraine, despite belonging to the same civilizational community, retain the right to choose how to respond to the economic, social, demographic, migration, environmental and climate challenges of our time. This choice determines the future of national welfare state models. In accordance with the stated goal, the article identifies two groups of major challenges: established (demographic changes, in particular, population aging; changes in the position of women in society and in the labor market; changes in the labor market; poverty and social exclusion) and new (rapid growth of emigration of Ukrainian doctors and nurses; introduction of artificial intelligence technologies; uncontrolled mass immigration; rapid growth of disability in society) faced by the welfare state and, mainly, the social security system, which is its foundation. While the established challenges require adjustments to the priorities and tasks of the welfare state, the newest ones require a significant modernization of the welfare state, adapting it to the new political, economic and social conditions of society.Further research on the selected issues should be conducted taking into account the existence of certain models of the welfare state that unite European states either by geographical (Scandinavian, continental, Anglo-Saxon, Southern European) or ideological (liberal, conservative, social democratic, corporate, solidarity) criteria.The problem of the welfare state's response to the challenges of environmental and climate crises deserves separate development, and in the context of this consideration, the correlation between the social and environmental (“green”) state.

A REVIEW ON THE STRUCTURE AND PRIORITIES OF THE SWEDISH EDUCATION SYSTEM

Education is closely linked to a person's life chances, income, and well-being worldwide. Therefore, it is crucial to understand what factors influence educational attainment. This conceptual paper employs content analysis methods, using Esping-Andersen's classification of social welfare state concept, to understand the structure of the Swedish education system through a 5-week desk-based data collection. The findings revealed that the Swedish pedagogical system is structured around an objectives-based management system. To improve educational outcomes, the Swedish government prioritizes smaller class sizes, best practices for teacher preparation, adequate compensation for educators, and experiential learning over testing. The paper provides insights into the strengths and challenges of the Swedish pedagogical system and its potential as a model for other nations.

LINTAS SEJARAH PEMBANGUNAN PEREKONOMIAN DALAM ASPEK NEGARA HUKUM

The state in its capacity as a rule of law has a role in economic development. This researchis a doctrinal research used by historical and analytical approaches. With the occurrence of “TheGreat Depression”, the role of the state is needed in the welfare of its people so that the concept ofthe Welfare State is born. Although considered good, the policies of the Welfare State concept areconsidered detrimental to the state, especially in the economic field. The existence of the conceptof Good Governance, can always improve the economic system which begins with improvingthe bureaucratic system, namely by implementing deregulation and de-bureaucratization.Deregulation and de-bureaucratization are things that need to be implemented in order to realizepeople’s welfare in accordance with the characteristics of good governance.

Perspectives on the Islamic Welfare State: The Goals of Economic Development Justice

The concept of The Welfare State, as developed in many Western countries, has proved to be an excellent program for earmarking economic resources for programs concerned with the welfare of the common people. Notwithstanding this successful developmental process however, the practical function of a Welfare State created in this way can allow the parallel functioning of actions that are not necessarily in the best interests of the general public. This article explores the nature of an alternative arrangement, that we term The Islamic Welfare State, which is built upon a range of spiritually consistent concepts to realize its developmental and social welfare goals. In this regard, following the arguments and descriptions available in the literature, our review indicates that the Western and Islamic Welfare States are largely not compatible. Whereas the Western model focuses mainly upon economic issues, the Islamic Welfare State seeks to more efficiently deal with society’s scarce resources, and ensure natural justice by focusing on the individual, showing particular concern for their material, moral and spiritual enhancement. We note that, although the concept of an Islamic Welfare State has not been thoroughly tested in practice, the underpinning concepts and philosophy can nevertheless be used to formulate current Government policies to improve society's welfare responsibilities. It is important to recognise that the Islamic Welfare State has a clear and worthy goal, namely the fulfillment and maintenance of Sharia objectives (Maqâsid Sharia) until finally, Falah is created as a parameter of their successful development

The urgency of labor law for informal sector workers in the welfare state concept: An evidence in Indonesia

This study aims to re-examine the issues that involve outreaching the urgency of labor law for informal sector workers in the concept of the welfare state in Indonesia. The research method used is a normative juridical approach or a study of documents or literature that only focuses on labor laws currently in force in Indonesia. The qualitative method approach that is descriptive-analytic is used to describe the relationship of a phenomenon, idea, data, or fact that is found objectively. This study found that the rights, dignity, standard of living, and even the working environment of informal sector workers are still neglected by labor law in Indonesia today. The national labor law has not accommodated legal protection, guarantees, and social security, so there is a legal vacuum for informal sector workers. This condition contradicts the philosophy of Pancasila and the constitution, the 1945 Constitution of the Republic of Indonesia. Thus, efforts to develop labor laws are expected to be carried out by the government together with the legislature to make all parties have the same position in the production process for the achievement of the company's progress. will have implications for national economic growth. On the other hand, this effort is expected to create legal harmonization in the field of employment in general and especially for informal sector workers in the welfare state in Indonesia.

Application of the Concept of Islamic Welfare State is the Panacea to Remove the Evils of the Political System of Pakistan

Muslims were promised to establish a separate homeland with the enforcement of the Islamic political system in case of the establishment of a new state. But with the passage of time, politicians of Pakistan became negligent of the principles of the political system of Islam. Reports of international forums demonstrate that the performance of the chief organs of the Pakistani political system is not satisfactory. The research study sets the hypothesis that the application of the concept of the Islamic welfare state is the panacea for removing the evils of the political system of Pakistan. In this connection, a comparative study will be conducted to evaluate both Pakistan's and the Islamic political systems. The nature of the research study is qualitative along with a thematic analysis approach by conducting interviews with ten scholars having MPhil and PhD education. Finally, the findings will be derived on how far application of the concept of an Islamic welfare state is fruitful in removing the evils of the Pakistani political system.

Влияние реализации концепции государства всеобщего благосостояния на уровень бедности в России и Норвегии

At present, the problem of poverty is urgent for both Russia and Norway. According to Federal State Statistics Service of the Russian Federation, 12.1% of the Russian population was below the poverty line in the second quarter of 2021. According to the World Bank, the national poverty rate in Norway in 2018 was 12.7%. At the same time, both states position themselves as having overcome extreme poverty. Both states use the social-democratic type of the welfare state concept as the basis of social policy. The purpose of this study is to research the influence the welfare state concept application on the national level of poverty in Russia and Norway. The research methods are the analysis of official statistics of Russia, Norway and the World Bank, international reports, legislative acts and the analysis of media texts. The conclusions of this study highlight that the use of the welfare state concept in the Russian Federation and the Kingdom of Norway can positively affect the national level of poverty, but it contains a set of significant risks. The results show that further use of elements of the welfare state concept to combat poverty is possible in both countries, but taking into account the current realities, namely, the application of the principles of multidimensional evaluation, targeting in implementation and consideration of regional specificity in practical work with the phenomenon of poverty, and the involvement of other (besides the state) social institutions in this process. The conclusion of this paper formulates recommendations for state and municipal authorities of the Arctic subjects of the Russian Federation (mainly) and the Kingdom of Norway (to a lesser extent) to adjust the social practices used with regard to current trends and taking into account the identified risks.

The emergence of the idea of ‘the welfare state’ in British political discourse

This article traces the emergence of the term welfare state in British political discourse and describes competing efforts to define its meaning. It presents a genealogy of the concept's emergence and its subsequent integration into various political scripts, tracing the struggles that sought to name, define, and narrate what welfare state would be taken to mean. It shows that the concept emerged only after the core programmes to which it referred had already been enacted into law and that the referents and meaning of the concept were never generally agreed upon – not even at the moment of its formation in the late 1940s. During the 1950s, the welfare state concept was being framed in three distinct senses: (a) the welfare state as a set of social security programmes; (b) the welfare state as a socio-economic system; and (c) the welfare state as a new kind of state. Each of these usages was deployed by opposing political actors – though with different scope, meaning, value, and implication. The article argues that the welfare state concept did not operate as a representation reflecting a separate, already-constituted reality. Rather, the use of the concept in the political and economic arguments of the period – and in later disputes about the nature of the Labour government's post-war achievements – was always thoroughly rhetorical and constitutive, its users aiming to shape the transformations and outcomes that they claimed merely to describe.

Современные исследования социального государства в России

The article presents the modern approaches of Russian authors to the analysis of the concept of welfare state. An analysis of the historiography of the problems of the welfare state allows us to conclude about the interdisciplinary nature of the research object. Each science forms its own subject and research methodology. The welfare state model appears to be a stage in the development of a late industrial society. With the transition to a post-industrial society, the welfare state does not disappear, but transforms. The Russian model of the welfare state is significantly influenced by the historical experience of paternalism of the Soviet and pre-Soviet eras. Global trends in demography, digitalization and inequality appear to be challenges for the existing model of a welfare state not only in Russia, but also in foreign countries. The response to the challenges presupposes the modernization of social policy from above and public initiative from below. The reproduction of human capital and the quality of life of the population are becoming priority goals, and the development of technology, economic growth, trade and military blocs are the means to achieve these goals.

Indonesia as a legal welfare state: A prophetic-transcendental basis

IntroductionThe modern welfare state concept is based on individualistic and liberal social contracts that prioritize individual interests with liberalist, partial and non-holistic hegemonies. The welfare state concept has failed in directing citizens to achieve justice, peace, and welfare. The basic aim of the Republic of Indonesia's formation is to form a welfare country. But the Indonesian constitutional articles do not have the power to form a welfare society compared to those of other states, such as Norway, Japan, the USA, and Malaysia, whose constitutions aim to achieve welfare. ObjectiveThis research aims to explore the formulation of Indonesia as the Prophetic Transcendental-Based Legal Welfare State. The urgency of this research is on the effort of model invention, or a new postulate on the form of the Indonesian Legal Welfare State. MethodsThis is normative-juridical research with a philosophical approach to find and explore the formulation of Indonesia as the Prophetic Transcendental-Based Legal Welfare State. ConclusionThis research found that as a Legal Welfare State, Indonesia inspirits Pancasila as the moral-spiritual guidance in all developmental policies on the national law, economy, politics, and culture. Thus, the direction of the state's development is inseparable from its roots, namely the prophetic and transcendental Pancasila. NoveltyThe previous researches discussed Indonesia as a welfare state only based on the determining legislation or laws. But this research discusses the philosophical aspect based on the thoughts of Indonesia's founding fathers.

UMNO-PAS Islamization Policy Under The Leadership of Abdullah Badawi and Najib Razak

Political Islamization in Malaysia is represented by the two largest Malay-Muslim party, UMNO and PAS. This article analyzes the Islamization policy introduced and implemented by UMNO and PAS during the era of Abdullah Badawi and Najib Razak as Prime Minister of Malaysia. This research presented four policies implemented by UMNO; Islam Hadhari, the Wasatiyyah principle, the Shariah Indeks of Malaysia, and the cooperation between UMNO and PAS. The four principles of Islamization introduced by PAS include; the agenda of the Islamic State, the implementation of Hudud, the Islam democratization, and the concept of Welfare State. The proposing of Islamization policies by both parties clearly shows that Islam has been one of the key indicators of country governance. The study also found that UMNO-PAS’s Islamization policy has finally pioneering the cooperation between two parties from 2015 until now.

A Tale of Two Recipes: Well-being Policy Comes to the Western Capitalism Rescue in the (Post-) Trump and (Post-) COVID-19 Era

Summary The neo-authoritarian “Trump Era”-induced political problems have been aggravated further by the coronavirus that triggered an economic slowdown. The new landscape put Western capitalism, international cooperation, and European integration at risk. This contribution shows similarities and differences in policies dealt with the recessions of 2008 and 2020 on both sides of the Atlantic, with a focus on the EU and Canada. It examines the rising popularity of the welfare state concept applied both to individuals and industries particularly in the EU, for which the protection of citizens’ well-being and solidarity values are at the bloc integration’s core. Ideologically opposing solutions for those crises reflect a fundamental shift in policymaking, reinforcing state interventions policies vs neoliberal approach to the extent of intensified discussions of a universal basic income notion as a response to the inequalities. The article highlights the need for multi – and cross-disciplinary approaches, benefiting policymaking.

PERAN NEGARA DAN PENERAPAN PANCASILA DALAM MEWUJUDKAN NEGARA KESEJAHTERAAN (WELFARE STATE) DI INDONESIA

The position of Pancasila as the basis of the state has given a consequence that the implementation of Indonesia as a rule of law-based state, including to create a welfare state condition, has to be based on Pancasila. The format of this research is a juridical-normative, it means the research used the secondary data. The typology of this research is prescriptive, that gave advice, solution and suggestion for this research. The purpose of this research is to find out the concept of welfare state in Indonesia, and to give usable advice to current state implementation. The result of this research is that welfare state concept in Indonesia is the welfare state which prioritize citizen's welfare, based on the principle of family system with the principle of togetherness, efficiency with justice, continuity, environmental perspective, self-sufficiency and keeping a balance in progress and unity of the national economy, as written in The Constitution of Republic Indonesia 1945. The ideal role of Indonesia to realize a welfare state is to concern on the role as the leader, law and policy maker, also a supervisor which drives the society (including private sector and individual) based on the values of Pancasila, especially the 5th principle (sila ke-5), to work together to increase the welfare in Indonesia, based on their own roles.