Conceptions Of Teaching Research Articles

教育部产学合作协同育人项目结项项目：基于在线开放课程的药理学实践平台建设

药理学是医学、药学本科的专业必修课，是学校药学专业精品课程群主干课程之一。本项目利用在线开放课程资源为基础，探索线上线下混合式教学模式，与企业充分合作建设药理学实践平台，构建情境、交互、体验、反思为一体的深度学习模式，让学生更加积极主动参与学习，符合新时代医药学专业人才培养模式的需求。本项目旨以在线开放课程为基础建设药理学实践平台，构建药理学线上线下混合式教学体系，优化教学资源，提升育人成效。本项目与企业充分联合、广泛合作，在教师教学理念提升、教学模式改革以及育人实践方面取得了一定的成效。 Pharmacology is a compulsory course for undergraduate students in medicine and pharmacy, which is one of the main courses in Pharmaceutical major course group. This project utilizes online open course resources as the foundation to explore a hybrid teaching mode of online and offline, and fully cooperates with enterprises to build a pharmacology practice platform. It constructs a deep learning mode that integrates context, interaction, experience, and reflection, allowing students to actively participate in learning, which meets the needs of the new era of medical pharmacy professional talent training mode. This project aims to build a pharmacology practice platform based on online open courses, construct a mixed online and offline teaching system for Pharmacology, optimize teaching resources, and enhance educational effectiveness. This project has achieved certain results in enhancing the teaching concept of teachers, reforming teaching models, and practicing education through full collaboration and extensive cooperation with enterprises.

Sustaining professionalism: Teachers as co‐enquirers in curriculum design

AbstractIn England, the development of teachers' curriculum design capabilities has been identified as a ‘challenge remaining’ (Department for Education [DfE]. (2022). Opportunity for all: Strong schools with great teachers for your child. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/opportunity‐for‐all‐strong‐schools‐with‐great‐teachers‐for‐your‐child). A recent White Paper (Department for Education [DfE]. (2022). Opportunity for all: Strong schools with great teachers for your child. https://www.gov.uk/government/publications/opportunity‐for‐all‐strong‐schools‐with‐great‐teachers‐for‐your‐child) offered access to a publicly funded online platform as a solution. Drawing on Stenhouse's concepts of teachers as researchers and curriculum as an inquiry process, this article argues that such a policy initiative restricts both curriculum and professional development. An alternative approach to curriculum design, one based on Stenhouse's conception of the iterative development of teachers' professional and curriculum knowledge is profiled. In this article, we, as four teacher‐researchers, analyse a project which featured the Curriculum Design Coherence (CDC) model. We share insights gained from our involvement, both in relation to our professional learning and the impact of our curriculum design work on our pupils. We argue that the ‘othering’ of teachers in research contributes towards the under valuing of practice‐informed evidence in policy making. We draw on the work of Lawrence Stenhouse to inform a different means of generating educational research evidence, one that sustains teacher‐researchers through engagement with principles and concepts so as to inform policy and curriculum development.

Developing professional digital competence in Norwegian teacher education: a scoping review

The widespread use of educational technology in schools compels teachers to seamlessly integrate technology while developing students’ digital competence. As educational technology continually evolves, digital competence becomes a dynamic target. Thus, teacher education must effectively prepare student teachers to teach effectively with technology. Researchers are increasingly examining the concept of teachers’ digital competence and how teacher education supports student teachers’ acquisition of digital skills for future employability. In Nordic countries like Norway, the term Professional Digital Competence (PDC) frames a teacher’s essential knowledge for using digital technology in teaching and learning. Despite this focus, there’s limited understanding of how Norwegian teacher education fosters PDC. This scoping review investigates current research on PDC and its implementation within Norwegian teacher education. Findings from numerical and thematic analysis offer insights into the prevalent types of PDC research. Thirty-four peer-reviewed papers were identified and coded along three dimensions: (1) theoretical perspectives, (2) research questions and methods, and (3) application and implementation. The review reveals a predominant focus on student and teacher educator perceptions or self-assessments when measuring digital competence. Our findings show that professional digital competence in teacher education is diverse and multifaceted. However, there are gaps in the current state of knowledge. To address this, we propose a definition and a framework to guide teacher educators. Future research should broaden participant profiles and involve a more diverse group of educators.

How do we know what they know? A case study of classroom-based assessment with multilingual learners

ABSTRACT We employed qualitative research methods to examine student learning in context during a teacher’s unit on 1920s-Great Depression in an 11th grade United States & Virginia History class in a standards-based setting with a high-stakes end-of-course test. We focused on four focal students (all of whom were classified as English learners at some point during their education) and collected extensive data to investigate whether these students learned and how they experienced and described their learning from regular classroom instruction. Despite receiving the same instruction, student learning, as measured by the summative assessment, differed greatly, and it was unclear if students learned the historical content. Teaching to the test (e.g., lecture-focused, didactic, narrow fact-focused instruction) did not yield improved results on the multiple-choice test. These findings problematize the use of multiple-choice testing, emphasize the need for explicit academic vocabulary scaffolds for multilingual learners, and highlight the importance of formative assessment. We argue that the conception of teacher as curricular-instructional gate-keeper needs to be expanded to curricular-instructional-assessment gate-keeper.

Secondary School Teachers’ Conceptions of Teaching Science Practical Work through Inquiry-Based Instruction

Contemporary science teaching pedagogy in Namibia places a strong emphasis on fostering inquiry-based instruction and practical work in secondary school science education. In recent years, there has been a growing recognition of the need to move beyond traditional, rote-based methods towards more learner-centred approaches that encourage active inquiry and critical thinking. Teachers are encouraged to design lessons that promote inquiry, where learners actively investigate scientific phenomena, ask questions, and develop solutions through hands-on experimentation. Science practical work, which involves conducting experiments and investigations, is considered a cornerstone of this approach as it provides learners with opportunities to apply theoretical knowledge, develop laboratory skills, and gain a profounder understanding of scientific concepts. This sequential explanatory mixed methods study explored Namibian secondary school teachers’ conceptions of teaching science practical work through inquiry-based instruction to provide a comprehensive understanding of teachers’ perspectives and practices. Findings from this study revealed that many teachers held traditional views of science practical work, emphasizing cookbook-style experiments and memorisation. These teachers often faced challenges in implementing inquiry-based instruction due to a lack of training and resources to facilitate science practical work. However, a subset of teachers who embraced inquiry-based methods reported increased learner engagement, critical thinking, and in-depth understanding of scientific concepts. Additionally, the findings underscored the importance of aligning teacher conceptions with contemporary pedagogical approaches for effective secondary science education in Namibia. The study thus, highlighted the need for professional development and support to help more teachers transition to inquiry-based instruction and improve science education in Namibian secondary schools.

Fostering Teachers’ Growth Mindset to Face Education Challenges Using a Cultural Language Learning Approach (CLLA)

Growth mindset practice by teachers’ is essential for facing the disruption of education that has been caused by technological advances. This study used multiple case studies to investigate the level of teachers’ growth mindset, teachers’ readiness to face education challenges, and how to foster teachers’ growth mindset using a cultural language learning approach. It involved 26 teachers from elementary to higher levels who completed a questionnaire comprising closed-ended questions, and participated in in-depth interviews and a peer debriefing – the latter to determine trustworthiness. The data were compiled and analyzed descriptively using defined criteria. The research procedure followed these steps: (1) Gathering raw data on three research variables; (2) Reviewing data; (3) Analyzing data; (4) Ensuring trustworthiness through peer debriefing; and (5) Research judgment. This study fills a gap in the literature concerning the concept of teachers’ growth mindset and fostering teachers’ growth mindset by using a cultural language learning approach as an alternative to their educational practices. This study reports the following findings. First, most of the participants confessed that they did not fully practice the seven growth mindset principles, namely, never stop growing, experiment and innovate, ask questions, be flexible, learn new technology, truly listen and reflect constantly. Second, they were not yet prepared to face education challenges. Third, they admitted to not yet having embedded local cultures as their teaching discourses. The findings are expected to provide an alternative reference and guide for policymaking for teachers and practitioners affected by theses issues.c

Aspects of regional history Ilhéus-BA as a source of content for the teaching of physics

In this article, we recover the history of an old hydroelectric power station in the rural area of the city of Ilhéus - BA through documentary analysis and interviews. We go on to offer suggestions for working with physics and technology concepts for elementary school science teachers, which can also be extended to high school physics. Although the content is of great regional relevance, our idea can be used to study relevant information for science teaching in other locations. We based our study on the CTS (Science, Technology and Society) approach to science teaching. The perspective we adopted emphasizes scientific literacy with a view to citizenship, against the backdrop of the social importance of the subject. We also draw attention to the recovery of the history and culture of a region for the teaching of physics and technology within this framework. Finally, we suggest strategies for teaching physics in accordance with the PCN (National Curriculum Parameters) for Natural Sciences for the final years of elementary school.

Research on the Problems and Improvement Strategies of Rural Early Childhood Teachers' Health Education Competence

The health concept of the new era calls for the return and renewal of the identity of rural early childhood teachers, as health educators, what makes them competent in their professional roles? The health education ability of rural early childhood teachers has become an important factor affecting the physical and mental health of rural young children. This study points out that the development of rural early childhood teachers' health education ability is not balanced, rural early childhood teachers' health education curriculum resources development ability is weak, and it points to the lack of rural early childhood teachers' family health education guidance ability. Therefore, based on the analysis of the problem, we start by updating the concept of health education for rural early childhood teachers, establishing the evaluation system of rural early childhood teachers' health education ability, integrating the rural early childhood health education resources, and carrying out rural early childhood health education garden-based teaching and research. Therefore, based on the analysis of the problem, we put forward the strategies to improve the health education ability of rural kindergarten teachers from four aspects: updating the health education concept of rural kindergarten teachers, establishing the evaluation system of rural kindergarten teachers' health education ability, integrating rural kindergarten health education resources, conducting rural kindergarten health education garden-based teaching and research and reflection.

Concepciones del alumnado del Grado en Educación Primaria de la Universidad de Huelva en torno al patrimonio de Huelva capital

This research focuses on the exploration of conceptions about heritage among students of the Degree in Primary Education, with a particular focus on heritage perspective, knowledge of heritage typology and teaching-strategies learning that influence such conceptions. The purpose is to achieve a significant learning rooted in the foundations of civilization, emphasizing the importance of understanding the conceptions of teachers in formation about the heritage of Huelva. The study focuses on analysing the conceptions of teachers in training about the heritage of Huelva, with the aim of understanding how they will teach this heritage from the initial educational stages. The research, in mixed format, is carried out among fourth-year students of the Degree in Primary Education of the University of Huelva, using a questionnaire on the Google Forms platform and a system of categories for analysis. The results reveal concepts related to visible and physically valuable heritage elements, such as the Columbus Monument, a historical heritage perspective, and the importance attributed to the natural and historical-temporal heritage typology. As for the teaching-learning strategies for the development of their initial training, the preference for master classes, talks and colloquiums, as well as the development of general curricular elements, stands out, including conceptual content and competence in linguistic communication. These results point to the need for a genuine dissemination of history through future teachers, thus ensuring the effective transmission of cultural heritage.

Prospective Science Student Teachers’ Online Learning Environment Experiences: Measurement Based on the Net Promoter Score

Personalization is used in online learning to help students achieve SDG 4.C and Education 4.0 indicators. Not many studies have revealed prospective science student teachers’ online learning experiences. A good experience will provide positive and constructive self-knowledge for prospective science student teachers in designing 21st-century digital learning. This study aimed to inquire into prospective science student teachers’ views on online learning using the Net Promoter Score survey. This study involved 29 prospective science student teachers at one of the public universities in Indonesia. This study revealed that online learning provides freedom to express opinions and ideas freely, helps evaluate learning outcomes, online educational resources help understand the contents, and online simulations help understand concepts. The negative experiences in the online learning environment include the lack of interaction with lecturers, online learning has not yet built creative, innovative, and critical thinking skills and has not supported competency development. There is a significant difference between positive and negative online learning experiences, demonstrating how experiences can impact future teacher conception. Based on our findings, recommendations were provided to assist university lecturers in creating and designing an online learning environment to develop the professional competencies of prospective science student teachers.

Reframing Creative Teaching in Secondary Music Teacher Education

According to research about creativity in education, creativity can be considered an ability that can be fostered through specific teaching strategies. Consequently, future secondary music teachers should be equipped with the knowledge to develop students’ musical creativity. A challenge for teacher training lies in providing concepts and strategies to develop this professional knowledge. With the aim of improving a music didactics course, the purpose of this study was to understand how student teachers’ conceptions of creative music teaching evolved over one semester. In reference to the concept of creative teaching developed by Beghetto and research about the role of the teacher’s body in music education, a specific framework to identify aspects of creative pedagogical knowledge was conceived. A thematic analysis of two semi-structured interviews with five future secondary music teachers provided a detailed picture of the evolution of their conceptions about creative music teaching. Interestingly, student teachers’ knowledge of theoretical concepts presented in the course, as well as knowledge about the role of the body in creative music teaching, remained mainly implicit. Knowledge about their professional identities as creative musicians and pedagogues appeared to be relevant for enhancing awareness of how to teach with creativity. In order to describe this dimension more precisely, we develop the concept of creative stance knowledge as an emerging category from the data. Its potential for teacher training will be discussed, including a more embodied vision of creative pedagogical knowledge for music teacher training.

Reducing Gender Stereotypes and Promoting Gender Equality in the Physical Education Lesson – A Systematic Review Analysis

Introduction: The teacher has a very important role in making students aware of the importance of physical education and sports classes and has a decisive role in building the fundamental bases of gender equality. For this reason, teachers must support and encourage the reduction of gender stereotypes developed over the years in Romania, as well as implement diversified methods and techniques to homogenize the group from an early age. The purpose of this study is to analyse how gender inequalities were removed in other countries by specialists and what measures were taken by them. Identifying the methods and strategies applicable to the class in order to implement gender equality. Method: Using the systematic review method, a number of 420 articles were initially identified. After establishing the inclusion and exclusion criteria, a number of 20 articles were retained for analysis. Discussions: Gender differences are found in all fields, but they are more pronounced in physical education lessons. Gender stereotypes in the physical education lesson have a close connection with the attitude of the students, with the strategies and perceptions of the teachers and last but not least, with the prejudices of the parents. Conclusions: The following studies regarding gender differences should target the attitudes and conceptions of parents and teachers, but also the way in which they are reflected in the students’ actions later in the lessons. Keywords: gender, stereotype, physical education.

Adapting feedback to the demands of teaching in diverse classrooms. Novel feedback concepts for preservice teachers during practicum

ABSTRACT During their practical training, feedback for preservice teachers should address the demands of diverse classrooms. Using the critical incident technique within a participatory research framework, this study investigated whether and how mentors adjust their feedback in this regard. Based on a sample of 33 preservice teachers and 46 mentor teachers in German primary and lower secondary education, the results indicate that although pupils’ differing prerequisites clearly presented challenges for preservice teachers, only part of the mentors referred in their feedback to these demands. Mentors who adapted their feedback referred to well-known methods for addressing differences in pupil performance and background and suggested specific novel strategies by specifying what is possible and expedient (or not) when pupils’ prerequisites and backgrounds differ. These methods were found to enhance preservice teachers’ self-efficacy and competencies in teaching diverse classes, and mutual diversity-oriented feedback also benefited mentors. In conclusion, the study identifies implications for feedback development.

Foreign approaches to assessing the universal competencies of future and current teachers

The article presents an analysis of foreign sources containing concepts of future and current teachers’ universal competencies and models for assessing these competencies, as well as comparative studies that can be used to enhance domestic theory and practice in shaping and evaluating these teaching resources. Two main conceptualizations of universal competencies in higher education (analytical and holistic) are identified, the specifics of evaluating universal competencies within these approaches are defined, their advantages and limitations in the process of training future teachers are demonstrated. Research on the assessment of universal competencies in teacher training primarily focuses on cognitive skills such as problem-solving, verbal, quantitative, and analytical reasoning, and critical thinking. Further research, as foreign experts believe, should focus on modeling academically acquired universal competencies and subject-specific competencies. Currently, the most relevant approach to building up and assessment of universal competencies for future and practicing teachers is considered to be an integration of analytical and holistic concepts. This approach involves the use of two sets at different stages of preparation: standard aspects of universal competencies and subject-specific situations. The formation and assessment of competencies are carried out within specified modes of activity and in predefined situations.

A Probe into the Sense of Efficacy of the Teachers

The concept of teachers’ Sense of Efficacy refers to person’s own belief in his or her capacity to perform their behaviors necessary to produce specific performance attainments in the institution. To ascertain the present status of teachers’ Sense of Efficacy of the school teachers of West Bengal, the present study was carried out through the Descriptive Survey Method by administering Teachers’ Sense of Efficacy Scale (TSES) (Tschannen-Moran & Woolfolk Hoy, 2001) on a random sample of 616 school teachers of West Bengal. The results of the study reflected that on an average the teachers of West Bengal were highly scored in all the subscales of Sense of Efficacy and also in Sense of Efficacy (in Totality). It might be concluded that, the teachers may be perform well in their academic activities and teach efficiently to the students that emphasis the good productivity of quality education.

An Exploration of Interdisciplinary Thinking Patterns in Secondary English Grammar Teaching-- Tenses

Interdisciplinary thinking is a way of thinking that utilizes the intersection and fusion between internal and external knowledge of disciplines to solve problems through cross-border integration of knowledge. The penetration of interdisciplinary thinking in secondary school grammar teaching is of great significance, which is conducive to change the conception of teacher’s focusing on the teaching and research of their own disciplines merely, enhances students' interest in grammar learning, and promotes the development of students' multiple intelligence. In this paper, the author takes the tenses in secondary school English grammar as an example to explore the penetration of interdisciplinary thinking in grammar teaching. Specifically, the author takes the combination of mathematical and physical thinking in mathematics as an starting point, combining the "coordinate axes" with the "union sets" in the set to discuss the use of single mathematical model and the multiple mathematical models during the teaching of English tenses.

Examining the Construction of “Teaching Assessment Literacy”: A Case Study of Teacher Conceptual Development in Collaborative Research Practice

Abstract This study explored the trajectory of teacher concept development during collaborative research practice promoted by a university-school partnership teacher development program. Drawing on Vygotsky’s and Engeström’s notion of concept formation, it examined how a secondary EFL teaching-research officer (TRO) negotiated between scientific and everyday concepts as she co-constructed the research theme “teaching assessment literacy” with mentors and fellow teachers mediated by the program. Multiple sources of data were collected over a span of two years, including six rounds of oral defense and research reporting activities, classroom observations, interviews, journals, and research reports. The analysis showed that the TRO experienced a gradually integrated and transformed path of concept development, and also initiated an expansive learning opportunity for her research participants, triggering collective concept development. While the program played a significant role in providing multi-module facilitating activities, academic-practice joint mentoring and collective scaffolding, more subtle guidance is suggested for the tension-laden process.

PhD Students’ Transformative Change in Teaching: A Comparative Case Study

As future academics, Doctor of Philosophy (PhD) students are be expected to employ learning-centred approach as stated in the Paris Communique (2018) by the European ministers of education. The limited research available about doctoral students’ conceptions indicates that they range from content- to learning-centred. Although a few studies explored the factors which prompt students’ transformation of conceptions and approach, none specifically focused on PhD students. This comparative case study explored how PhD students describe the transformation in their teaching conceptions and approach towards learning-centredness, and the context surrounding it. The results indicated that participants described the transformation through the gaining of theoretical teaching-related knowledge, being related to dissatisfaction with their own teaching, the application of a learning-centred approach, and time. The teaching–learning context was described mostly as supportive but not always allowing the implementation of transformation. Results suggest that discourse is needed to facilitate critical reflection leading to transformative learning.

(Non-)Conceptualisations of teaching and learning in innovative learning environments – a meta-narrative review

A current trend in educational research on innovative learning environments is to focus on student-centred learning, rather than a teacher-focused classroom. This turn to learning environments comes with theoretical and conceptual challenges concerning the dynamics of the classroom context and the interactions that take place within it. The aim of this review is to map the conceptions of teaching and learning in studies focusing on innovative learning environments and how they are applied in relation to the collected data. The review shows that several studies do not relate their empirical data to theoretical concepts in a systematic way. It is also suggested that the complexity of a learning environment requires an operationalised, conceptual comprehension in order to gain a full understanding of its conditions for teaching and learning.

E-Module problem-based learning on chemical equilibria to improve students’ higher-order thinking skills: an analysis

<span lang="EN-US">This study aimed to identify the specifications for developing a problem-based learning </span><span lang="EN-US">e-module for chemical equilibria to increase students’ higher-order thinking skills (HOTS). A qualitative approach with a semi-structured interview involving eight participants from form six teachers in Penang was utilized. The interview results were analyzed using NVivo 12 software by dividing the transcripts into several codes based on a thematic analysis approach. Four broad themes emerged from the need analysis interviews: i) the importance of chemical equilibria; ii) problems in teaching and learning chemical equilibria; iii) teaching strategy; iv) desired improvement. The findings of this study showed that the topic of chemical equilibria in form six syllabus is an important topic for students to master. Still, it is the most challenging concept for both students and teachers. Findings of the interviews also found that teachers need an e-module integrated with problem-based learning due to the lack of teaching resources, the content of the syllabus, and the lack of students’ thinking skills. Besides, teachers suggest variegating the content, strategies, and technology to develop the modules. These findings indicate that teachers are still unsatisfied with the existing teaching materials and strategies and, therefore require an e-module to meet their needs. All themes and codes of the findings are summarized using schematic diagrams. The results of this study are essential in designing and developing the e-module integrated with problem-based learning for the topic of chemical equilibria, which can be implemented and positively increase the HOTS level among form six students.</span>