Concept Of Style Research Articles

Style dominants of Martha Argerich’s musical creativity

Statement of the problem.Musicology has accumulated quite a significant array of scientific works devoted to the study of individual performing style. But it is necessary to state that it remains insufficiently studied what features of the style of musical creativity of a particular personality are such that, on the one hand, are markers of its recognizability, and on the other – are responsible for its integrity. They can be defined as core or dominant.Creativity of M. Argerich embodies the basic trends in the development of modern piano art, and her influence on the development of modern pianism is difficult to overestimate, which determines the interest in identifying the style dominants of her musical creativity. Resent research and publications. The concept of style is one of the key concepts in modern musicology, where it is interpreted as a multilevel system. The prevalence of an individual style among others (Kaplienko-Iliuk, 2021), consideration of the style dominant as a factor that determines the formation of the performance idea (Sukhlenko, 2018) are presented, as well as the definition of the termin “style dominant” (Vardanyan, 2021) and the peculiarities of M. Argerich’s interpretation (Schwan, & Dragulin, 2021). Among methods used, the following can be outlined: historical, which reveals the properties of the development of piano art of the romantic tradition; comparative, necessary for comparing the performing versions of the composers’ works; stylistic, which outlines the specifics of the artistic expression of the individual; interpretive, which helps to identify the mechanisms of formation and implementation of the concept of the composer’s / performer’s musical work. The purpose of the research is to determine the style dominants of Martha Argerich’s creativity. Results and conclusions. Performing creativity is a multicomponent phenomenon, which consists of various factors that are subject not only to professional skills, but also adjusted by the personal structure, which consists of psychological and physiological characteristics, worldview and life guidelines. Since the style of the performer is one of the main features of an artistic individuality, it is obvious that the style dominant is an indispensable component of the comprehensive formation of this uniqueness. M. Argerich is an influential musician in today’s artistic culture, as the dominants of her style, including romantic orientation, tendency to chamber music and virtuosity, are appealing to both young audiences and professionalswith extensive musical and historical experience.

Genre and Style Innovations in Creative Works of Ukrainian Pop Singers

The purpose of the article is to define genre and style innovations in the creative works of Ukrainian pop singers. Research methodology. In order to achieve the set tasks, a number of general scientific methods have been used in the paper. The theoretical method has been used to clarify the terminology of the research; the analytical method has been applied to study the components of the vocalist's work. The biographical method has been used to study individual figures in modern pop music of the 21st century; the comparative and theoretical generalisation methods have enabled summarising the results of the research. Scientific novelty of the study consists in highlighting the main genre and style innovations of the modern Ukrainian pop song. Conclusions. In the modern pop music environment of Ukraine, there are dozens of musical projects and artists working in different styles and directions. The modernised system of domestic pop music, as part of the mass market of the entertainment industry, has introduced a system of a unified product, namely a musical hit, which nullifies the performer's efforts to express themselves, and has created a need for brightly personalised musical projects. The concepts of genre and style are in a close relationship. Style characterises long stages of musical art development, represents a national or other stylistic unity, and is changeable. Genre is a more stable concept that can retain its characteristics for centuries. Modern Ukrainian pop music is a synthetic fusion of two directions, such as rock and pop styles with interspersed national melos and folklore. Key words: Ukrainian pop song, genre, style, pop performers

The Origin of the Concept of Style in European Musical Thinking

"Essentially, the emergence of the concept of style in European musical thinking is the consequence of the shift produced at the end of the Renaissance. The trend towards the simplification of language and musical expression and the subordination of both to the notional-poetic discourse determines the unimaginable: the hegemony of rhetoric and, implicitly, of style as a rhetorical sub-category having the function of organizing and controlling musical suggestiveness – the taxonomy of musically expressible emotions. It is also during the period of the musical Baroque that the practical insertion of the concept of style begins by cohabiting with the idea of genre in all its three forms: as a specific habitat for the performance of the musical act, as a composition coefficient and equally as a type of ethos. This confusion will persist for the entire period of use of the concept of style, which gradually fades as the insertion of postmodernism gathers momentum. As a tool for functional and semantic dislocation, style also acts in relation to the term canon, the only value reference until the shift from the mathematical-cosmic quadrivium to the discursive-philological trivium (the Del Bene moment, 1586). Apart from taking over the attributions from the concept of genre, style also claims the function of canon as the exclusive value reference. Starting with the Baroque, we already speak of the stylistic canon. The complete absorption of the canonical function by style takes place during the Viennese Classicism, when style becomes a personalizing-biological reference, attached to the musical thinking of a prominent personality (Wilhelm von Lenz, Beethoven et ses trois styles, 1855). Musical Romanticism raises the understanding of style to the level of an almost absolute exclusivity, on a par with the transcendentalism displayed by the genius-musician (the Liszt-Wagner paradigm). The dissipation of Romanticism determines the return to the identification through ethos: verism, expressionism, impressionism-symbolism and naturalism, so that it is only during the first musical modernism (1900-1914) that we witness the return to the purely technical Renaissance acceptance: the atonal style, during the second modernism (1918-1939) – the dodecaphonic style, the serial style, and further, during the third modernism (1946-1968) – the style of stochastic music, the style of aleatoric music, the minimalist style etc. The uselessness of the concept of style as a procedure of identification through differentiation (Boris Asafiev) and obviously as a meta-narrative is already revealed in musical postmodernism, with all the three anti-metanarrative “ideologies” of postmodernism: the ideology of distrust, the ideology of the fragment and the ideology of recovery. Keywords: history of style, stylistic canon, style as a genre, style as a metanarrative, liberation from style "

Stil (Style)

The lexeme Stil (style) derives from Latin stilus, which originally designated a writing utensil used in Antiquity and the Middle Ages. In modernity, it is used in a broader sense to refer to characteristic and recurrent forms of artistic production or of human behavior. In Goethe’s philosophical and aesthetic lexicon, style denotes a specific mode of aesthetic representation in which the relation between the artist and the object represented is one of “Gegenständlichkeit” (object-orientedness). This is how Goethe defines the term in his short theoretical essay “Einfache Nachahmung der Natur, Manier, Styl” (1789; Simple Imitation of Nature, Manner, Style), whose reflections grow out of a period of stylistic experimentation best exemplified by the Italienische Reise (1816/1817/1829; Italian Journey). A key component of his classicist aesthetic theory, Goethe’s concept of style is at odds with the better part of the modern discourse on style that emerged in the late eighteenth century.

Fantasy for solo clarinet by Jorg Widmann: composer vs performer

Statement of the problem. The relevance of the research topic is related to the need for a comprehensive study of Jörg Widmann’s musical creative work, in particular in the aspects of compositional and performing activities and an indepth performing analysis of his Fantasy for solo clarinet. Analysis of recent research and publications. The study is based on the works that examine the creativity of composers of the 20th century (Gromchenko, Vovk, Metlushko, Odom, Rehfeldt, Teixeira); the creative work of J. Widmann (Bruhn, Besthorn, Reyes, Dierickx); of the fantasy genre (Nikolaievska & others), as well as an interview with the composer (Wollenweber; Wilsom, Fein, Christopher). The main objective of the study is to perform a performing analysis of the selected composition in terms of mutual influences of the artist’s compositional and performing styles. The scientific novelty is related to the formation of the author’s algorithm of the performing analysis and its application to the selected composition based on one’s own interpretation. The author’s algorithm includes such stages as intellectual, technological and synergistic, which allows one to fully understand the genre and style concept of the composition and the way of its implementation. Research methodology is based on an analytical approach (performing analysis), genre, style and system approaches are also involved. Results. The intellectual stage of the performing analysis made it possible to find genre principles and their individual manifestation in J. Widmann’s creativity. The manifestation of intertextuality is marked by constant allusions to the famous compositions by C. M. Weber, J. Brahms, R. Schumann, K. Stockhausen, I. Stravinsky or instrumental compositions; performance influence – through the manifestation of the improvisational nature of performing thinking (in particular regarding the metrorhythmic organization of Fantasy) and the concert nature of the compositions, which led to the choice of means of expression, themes, tempos, theatricality, and the effectiveness of the opus. The form of Fantasy is defined as a contrastive-composition, the importance of a harmonious solution is emphasized. The technological stage of the performing analysis touches upon the issues of the instrument, technological features of performance (multiphonics, playing in the lowest register of the clarinet in the nuance of ppp, creating a loud noise from the valves of the instrument, clicking keys, working with a fast tempo, contrasting dynamics, double-tongue technique for playing sixteenths, etc.). Conclusions contain a synergistic stage of performing analysis. Thus, it is indicated that Fantasy presents the development of certain features that consistently characterize the compositional and performing style of J. Widmann. Emphasis is placed on the organic combination of composing and performing in the creative work of J. Widmann and the significant influence of the performer’s sense of time and space on the creation of his compositions, it is indicated that the parity of both types of creativity determines their mutual enrichment. Such features of the composer’s creativity as the synthesis of tradition/ innovation, intertextuality, concert performance, intellectualism, the diversity of the composer’s legacy and the breadth in the involvement of instruments, styles, and themes are singled out as well as the manifestation of the improvisational nature of performing thinking, the influence of the performing time-space feeling on the creation of compositions. We have named the following features of J. Widmann’s performing style: virtuosity, thorough approach to ease of performance; inquisitiveness, working with different timbres, attention to dynamics and tempos; awareness of harmony as the foundation of the organization of the composition; working with sound, feeling its plasticity, living breath, overtone colours; intellectualism of performance, which is manifested in a clear idea of the structure of the composition, accentuation of caesuras, other punctuation marks of performing formation.

Trying to Capture, Cautiously, the O'Malley Style

John W. O’Malley, S.J., has proffered and used the concept of style so as to name something other than content that is needed in order to understand argument or research. In a way, style is to contemporary argument what rhetoric was to grammar. This essay attempts to capture what O’Malley means by style, but also, and more importantly seeks to describe or capture O’Malley’s own style. By employing the different formats that Jesuit Higher Education: A Journal offers, the essay tries to highlight the relevance and richness of style in communicating the self to the other. In a word, style is the bridge that makes an argument understood, recognized, and remembered. O’Malley makes sure in both his own writings and his style that we never forget the necessity of style for living out our vocations as researchers, teachers, mentors and colleagues.

The Church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Chicago: A Complicated Story of the Search for Lithuanian Identity

Summary The article examines the complicated history of the search for Lithuanian identity in the church of the Nativity of the Blessed Virgin Mary in Chicago. After leaving their homeland in the aftermath of World War II, the Lithuanian community struggled to maintain its national identity under difficult conditions of emigration. The search for a Lithuanian architectural character became an important part of this political task. Based on a case study, a church near Chicago’s densely populated Marquette Park in Lithuania, the text analyzes the Lithuanian community’s debate about the cultural and political mission of Lithuanian architecture in exile, and the way to express it. Although the concept of the national style had already emerged at the beginning of the twentieth century, post-war technological progress and the unfamiliar context of emigration brings additional questions to the subject. The article argues that historical reminiscences in the church are more an ethical than an aesthetic choice. This approach embodies the specific cultural expectations of the community and is, at least partially, in line with the critique of modernism from regionalist point of view.

Storytelling in the Inclusive L2 Classroom

This paper examines storytelling as a technology of teaching foreign languages with the help of fascinating stories in the inclusive environment. The relevance of developing inclusive education, i.e. integrating students with different individual characteristics (in particular, disabilities) into the learning process, is highlighted. In this regard, the concept of cognitive learning styles and Gardner’s theory of multiple intelligences are characterized as not quite suitable for the role of a general foundation of language teaching methodology in an inclusive classroom. Krashen’s Monitor Model, in its turn, is adopted as the theoretical basis of the modern approach to second language acquisition, emphasizing the importance of comprehensible input (received speech material) and emotional filter (psychological barrier) as key factors in the development of speech competence. In light of this, the advantages of a multisensory approach to language learning, and, in particular, the inclusive potential of using multisensory stories and having students create their own stories with the support of a teacher (storybuilding), are clarified. Thus, storytelling is considered by the authors of the article as a universal method for developing both receptive and productive speech skills in a foreign language for all kinds of students, including children with disabilities. The paper contains methodological recommendations regarding the implementation of storytelling technology in an inclusive classroom, including the conditions for effective assimilation of educational material by students with special educational needs. The principles of scaffolding (teacher support), mutual cooperation, clarity of instructions, sequence of material presentation, individualized information delivery forms, emotional involvement and integration are also explained. Based on the research literature on psychology, inclusive pedagogy and language education (Vygotsky, Rubinstein, Asher, Krashen), as well as some case studies featuring diverse students with varying disabilities, the authors argue for the need to gradually shift from skill-building to implicit teaching (and learning).

How Style Met the City

Abstract The modern concept of style is a complex one and is difficult to map fully onto a corresponding notion in ancient Greek thinking and vocabulary. This paper sets out to examine both the common understandings of this term in contemporary scholarship and the ancient sensitivities to what we may call stylistic phenomena – the multi-levelled features that may be conceptualized as characterizing the ‘how’ as opposed to the ‘what’. The paper moves on to show in what ways style and ancient stylistics are related to the city, that is to say, to the use of language in the culturally-defined communicative contexts for which texts were produced and circulated in classical Athens. In the final section, this paper briefly reviews recent approaches and perspectives in the stylistics of Greek oratory and lays out the framework of this special issue.

From Where Does Innovation Come? Employee Well-Being and Organizational Commitment Induced by Leadership Style

Companies require good management practices to enhance their competitive advantage. The goal of this study is to examine the impact of leadership style, specifically how it induces employee well-being and organizational commitment. This study suggests that the management style of leaders is a key prerequisite for creating a good work environment and inducing innovation in employees. Therefore, this study uses the concepts of leadership style, employee well-being, organizational commitment, and innovation to analyze a sample of 349 respondents in the workplace. Theoretical and hypothetical investigation through causality testing using statistical tools of path analysis. The results indicate that transformational leadership and transactional leadership increase employee well-being and innovation. When employees feel satisfied, they increase their commitment to the organization, which in turn increases their innovation. In conclusion, companies need to be able to emphasize integration in their leadership styles. How to switch or match leadership styles is an important issue for leaders.

Wang Anshi and Song Poetic Culture

Wang Anshi and Song Poetic Culture

Ethno-Design as an Important Factor of Consolidation of Ukrainian Society under Conditions of War

The purpose of the article is to determine the role of ethnodesign as an important element of national culture in the extremely important matter of self-identification and consolidation of the nation under historically new conditions – a war with an aggressor neighbor. The research methodology consists in the application of a complex historical and cultural approach, methods of comparative analysis, comparison, and generalisation. The methodology used enabled revealing the distinguishing features of the formation of the Ukrainian national style concept in the European context in the conditions of Russian aggression. Scientific novelty consists in the discovery of new ethnodesign findings under ideological social, political, advertising products, which are created by professional designers and amateur artists under the conditions of war to raise the fighting spirit of the people, devastating criticism of the brutal aggressor. Conclusions. The analysis of modern works of ethnodesign vividly and convincingly testified to the exceptionally important role of this type of folk art in the matter of consolidating the Ukrainian nation during the war.
 Key words: ethnic design, Ukrainian folk style, folk design.

Investigating the Concept of Style in Photography with Emphasis on the Pictorialism Movement

Investigating the Concept of Style in Photography with Emphasis on the Pictorialism Movement

Styles of decarbonization

ABSTRACT What characterizes the relations amongst actors engaged in decarbonization? I posit that no single characteristic can satisfactorily explain the heterogeneous politics of reducing emissions and propose the concept of styles as the patterned ways in which actors relate to each other to decarbonize. Based on qualitative fieldwork, I compare two projects for a national policy mandating the use of low-carbon technologies – India’s Smart Cities Mission – and find variation in their styles. In Rajkot, local state, business, and policy elites with a variety of interests converged to impose decarbonization on a site used by herders as pasture. In Davanagere, local industry, workers, state bureaucrats, and experts independently bargained over a plan that accommodated livelihoods in a puffed rice manufacturing district. I theorize styles as a systematic heuristic to capture variation in the politics of reducing emissions and identify surprising coalitions for decarbonization.

A IMPORTÂNCIA DA RELAÇÃO ENTRE A LIDERANÇA E A MOTIVAÇÃO NA ORGANIZAÇÃO

This article aims to show the importance of the relationship between leadership and motivation in the organization. For that, an explanation was made about the concepts of leadership, its aspects and styles, about the concept of motivation and Maslow's Theories, of the X and Y of Two factors and a description was made with the objective of showing how important and strong it is the relationship between leadership and motivation. From everything that was done described in the final considerations, we demonstrated and concluded why it is so important for the company, whether public or private, to have and understand the importance of the relationship between these two concepts.

Song Dynasty Aesthetics. Origins of the New Chinese Furniture Design Style

Summary： In the article, the authors analyse the primary problems which arose during the design product development in the field of industrial furniture production during the period from the beginning of the 20th century, including during the opening of China, to the present. The vector of the furniture industry development is studied through the industrial design evolution. The reasons for the emergence of a new style in furniture design in China, analysed in detail in connection with changes in economic and cultural realities, are studied. The question of the influence of the Song dynasty aesthetics on the formation and development of a "new language" in furniture design is touched upon. This dynasty’s cultural heritage formed the basis of the new style in design not only in terms of appearance, shape and structure but also in a deeper understanding of the principles of constructing form and meaning inherent in traditional Chinese culture. As an important part of the ancient culture of China, the Song Dynasty aesthetics is an invaluable spiritual national heritage of the entire nation, which is fully reflected in the revival of mass interest in national culture in the field of technical aesthetics and industrial production. Compared to Russia, the modern model of design development is completely different. Design in Russia largely follows the development vector laid down within the framework of the Soviet Union's “technical aesthetics” and still largely meets the needs of the industry (of course, with the necessary adjustment for time). In Russian history, the formation of the profession of a designer coincided with two revolutions: a political revolution that led to a change in social attitudes, and an artistic revolution that began before the first and continued after it, while Chinese modern design did not seem to have experienced such significant perturbations. However, it seems that the concept of the New style of design in China and the concept of Russian modern design, based on the experience of the Soviet period, rely on traditions, actively incorporate innovations and strive to find a unique path that best suits the development vector of each of the countries.

МЕТОДИ ДОСЛІДЖЕННЯ ХАРТІЇ ЯК ДОКУМЕНТА ОФІЦІЙНО-ДІЛОВОГО СТИЛЮ

The article is devoted to the study of methods of analysis of the international document "charter" as a genre of official business style. This article examines the concept of official business style and defines its features. The official business style is a functional language style that is used for communication in state, political, economic and public life. Also, this style normalizes the design of business papers. This style has certain features, such as a concise presentation of information, it is not characterized by the use of various linguistic means in a figurative sense, usually this style is characterized by a standard arrangement of material and the obligation to observe the presentation form. Also, in this style, terms specific to certain branches of institutional relations are widely used. In this article we characterize the "charter" as an international document. On the basis of a critical review of various types of analysis, general methods and linguistic methods of analysis were selected, productive for determining the specific characteristics of the international document "charter". As for the general methods, the methods of analysis, synthesis and generalization were singled out (for review of scientific works in the field of official business style of Ukrainian and foreign researchers was carried out, the characteristics inherent in the official business style were determined, etc.) and the continuous sampling method (texts for the corpus were selected). From the linguistic methods, the comparative-historical method (for the study of the "charter" document in diachrony), the structural and descriptive methods (for the study of the structural-semantic and lexical-grammatical features of the charter), and the functional method and the method of pragmatic analysis (for the identification of communicative-pragmatic goals of the author). It was also stated that the choice of research methods depends on its purpose. A comprehensive analysis is suitable for our study.

Policy styles and pandemic management: The case of Turkey.

Using the concept of a policy style developed by Howlett and Tosun, this article explores the linkages between Turkey's policy style and its pandemic management. Turkey took both preemptive and restrictive measures with respect to the COVID‐19 pandemic. Before the virus hit the country, flights to and from various countries including China were suspended, the Scientific Advisory Board (SAB) was established, and a COVID‐19 disease guide was prepared. After the virus entered the country, immediate restrictive measures, such as national lockdowns and international and intercity travel restrictions were put in place. Turkey adopted a centralized response to the pandemic with the President, the Ministry of Interior, the Ministry of Health, and the SAB acting as central players. From the perspective of policy style, this article shows how Turkey's general characteristics of policy‐making processes have been reflected in its pandemic management policies.

The use of meta language in the humor

In the studies on humor, humor is generally regarded as an art form that reveals the funny side of life in different genres and styles. It can be said that the purpose of this activity is to make the recipient laugh and even criticize. While criticizing, the aim is also to eliminate the deficiencies, mistakes, and defects made in the communication and interaction process in which the messages are directly or indirectly transmitted. What makes humor important and different apart from its effects is the way it is applied, such as the style used, the rhetorical elements, etc. This is because what sounds "funny" for one may not be "funny" for another, so what seems "hilarious" to one may not be "hilarious" to another. Depending on the individual and even on the societies involved, this situation varies not only concerning the function of being hilarious but also concerning many other functions. Here lies actually the difficulty in creating humor. When individual differences, as well as the differences in the imagination of national and international receivers, are taken into account, it is a very tedious process to capture a common sense of humor, namely gathering people under the same roof by making them to get the same joke. Therefore, this study analyses not only (as usual) the choice of genre, style, and shape but especially their function in a multicultural, that is, multilingual environment. Obviously, it is necessary to add the dimension of a "metalanguage" in addition to the concepts of style and genre and to the rhetorical elements employed. In order to exemplify the function of "metalanguage" and "meta communication" as a tool to bring different cultures together, the perspective of humor has been used in this study. As a type of humor, the language used in the stand-up shows by Bülent Ceylan, who grew up in a bilingual environment, is Turkish; at the same time, he makes jokes Germans can understand easily; he can address not only native speakers but also memebers of other societies as the target group. This study analyses examples from Ceylan's humor. Ceylan uses humor as a communicative tool on the level of a metalanguage, thus bringing together the members of societies with two different, maybe even more, senses of humor under a common "humor" roof.

Mathematical Thinking Styles and Its Implications in Science Learning: A Bibliometric Analysis

Mathematical thinking style is an aspect that needs to be studied, especially its implications for the practice of science pedagogy in the classroom, considering the role of mathematics in science learning is very important. Studies related to this theme are seen as very interesting and also very relevant to support future teaching and research practices. The purpose of this study is to conduct a bibliometric analysis of mathematical thinking styles and their implications in science learning. Specifically, this bibliometric study aims to describe and examine literature in areas that are coherent with the concept of mathematical thinking style, and coherence between mathematical thinking style and science learning. The SCOPUS database is used as a source of document information. Screening and document analysis were carried out according to the keywords inserted in the 'search document' menu. With several modes of screening documents in areas that are coherent with the concept of mathematical thinking style and its implications in science learning, a number of documents were found that examine the subject area. The specific screening steps and document findings are discussed further in this article. Basically, specific articles that are coherent with the theme of bibliometric analysis 'mathematical thinking styles and their implications in learning science' describe the importance of studies related to students' mathematical thinking styles. Differences in students' thinking styles become a big challenge for teachers' pedagogical practices in teaching mathematics and science. This is an important implication in this study, and teachers must find the best way to conduct mathematics and science learning in the light of the different mathematical thinking styles of students. Finally, this study can be a reference in future studies that will explore themes related to mathematical thinking styles