Concept Of Services Research Articles

Proposed Marketing Strategy to Increase Parents’ Enrollment for Inclusive School (Case Study: Alfa Centauri Primary School)

Education is essential for all human beings with noble goals individually, namely to increase the standard and quality of life, and collectively, to contribute socially to a more prosperous society. An important role is held by formal educational institutions with a set of facilities that they have for the quality of educational services provided to all their students. Elementary schools which are the first and main level of education need to ensure that the quality of services they provide from all aspects can contribute significantly to all students. The concept of inclusiveness which is a friendly service concept for all people is a trend and a special attraction in the world of education today. Educational institutions (including inclusive primary schools) that require financial stability require good business execution to survive facing competition in the market. Alfa Centauri Primary School, which is one of the players in the industry, feels the intense competition within it. For the last six years, Alfa Centauri Primary School has not been able to meet the quota of students they receive, so it can be said that their performance is still not optimal. It is necessary to improve, evaluate and form a good marketing strategy to be able to get consumers, where the actual consumers are parents of students. This study uses qualitative and quantitative approaches in data collection and processing. The analysis boils down to two perspectives, internal analysis using marketing mix analysis, STP, and VRIO; as well as external analysis using competitor analysis, Porter’s Five Forces, PESTLE, and customer analysis. There are findings in the customer analysis that the school environment and school accessibility are two things that influence parents’ enrollment intentions in sending their children to inclusive private elementary schools. Optimizing social media, strategic collaboration, providing shuttle services, optimizing personalization-based learning, creating a comfortable learning environment, and utilizing activities outside the classroom are marketing strategies formulated in this study to increase the number of registrants from Alfa Centauri Primary School.

The evolution of service toward automated customer assistance: there is a difference

PurposeThe purpose of this paper is to explore the distinction between human-delivered service and technology-based, automated customer assistance.Design/methodology/approachThis is a conceptual paper. There is no methodology.FindingsThe concept of service is primarily delivered when a human helps another. When technology is infused into the process and becomes the major component of delivering the aid that is requested, the process is automated customer assistance. Thus, “self-service” is not service. It is automated customer assistance.Research limitations/implicationsThe definition of service is refined to describe the process of a human helping another person. When technology is used to provide the needed aid, it is no longer a service. Instead, it is automated customer assistance. The implication is that researchers should closely examine how users assess and perceive the two separate approaches to providing the needed aid.Practical implicationsThe definition of service is refined to describe the process of a human helping another person. When technology is used to provide the needed aid, it is no longer a service. Instead, it is automated customer assistance. Researchers should closely examine how users assess and perceive the two separate approaches. Industry professionals should be mindful of the distinction between the delivery of service, which requires staff, and the provisioning of technology to provide assistance, which requires little to no staff. Intentionality should drive when customers are better helped by a human or by technology.Originality/valueThe value provided helps both providers create and users express when human-based service is needed versus assistance provided by technology.

Existing evidence on the impact of changes in marine ecosystem structure and functioning on ecosystem service delivery: a systematic map

BackgroundThe current biodiversity crisis underscores the urgent need for sustainable management of the human uses of nature. In the context of sustainability management, adopting the ecosystem service (ES) concept, i.e., the benefits humans obtain from nature, can support decisions aimed at benefiting both nature and people. However, marine ecosystems in particular endure numerous direct drivers of change (i.e., habitat loss and degradation, overexploitation, pollution, climate change, and introduction of non-indigenous species) all of which threaten ecosystem structure, functioning, and the provision of ES. Marine ecosystems have received less attention than terrestrial ecosystems in ES literature, and knowledge on marine ES is hindered by the highly heterogeneous scientific literature with regard to the different types of marine ecosystem, ES, and their correlates. Here, we constructed a systematic map of the existing literature to highlight knowledge clusters and knowledge gaps on how changes in marine ecosystems influence the provision of marine ES.MethodWe searched for all evidence documenting how changes in structure and functioning of marine ecosystems affect the delivery of ES in academic and grey literature sources. In addition to Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar, we searched 6 online databases from intergovernmental agencies, supranational or national organizations, and NGOs. We screened English-language documents using predefined inclusion criteria on titles, abstracts, and then full texts, without any geographic or temporal limitations. All qualifying literature was coded and metadata were extracted. No formal validity appraisal was undertaken. We identified knowledge clusters and gaps in terms of which ecosystem types, biodiversity components, or ES types have been studied and how these categories are linked.Review findingsOur searches identified 41 884 articles published since 1968 of which 12 140 were duplicates; 25 747 articles were excluded at the title-screening stage, then 2774 at the abstract stage. After full-text screening, a total of 653 articles—having met the eligibility criteria—were included in the final database, spanning from 1977 to July 2021. The number of studies was unevenly distributed across geographic boundaries, ecosystem types, ES, and types of pressure.The most studied ecosystems were pelagic ecosystems on continental shelves and intertidal ecosystems, and deep-sea habitats and ice-associated ecosystems were the least studied. Food provision was the major focus of ES articles across all types of marine ecosystem (67%), followed by climate regulation (28%), and recreation (14%). Biophysical values were assessed in 91% of the analysed articles, 30% assessed economic values, but only 3% assessed socio-cultural values. Regarding the type of impact on ecosystems, management effects were the most studied, followed by overexploitation and climate change (with increase in seawater temperature being the most commonly assessed climate change pressure). Lastly, the introduction of non-indigenous species and deoxygenation were the least studied.ConclusionsThis systematic map provides, in addition to a database, knowledge gaps and clusters on how marine ecosystem changes impact ES provision. The current lack of knowledge is a threat to the sustainability of human actions and knowledge-based nature conservation. The knowledge gaps and clusters highlighted here could guide future research and impact the beneficial development of policy and management practices.

Toward a Sustainable Blue Economy in the Coastal Zone: Case Study of an Industrialized Coastal Ecosystem in Greece

Representing 9% of the land worldwide, the coastal zone is a highly populated part of the land, where economic and social growth continuously arise. An expected consequence of rapid development on the coastal zone is the creation of significant environmental pressures connected to human activities. Within this framework, the need to use the ecosystem services concept under the prism of sustainable development has risen to increase the provision of services to the people through an ecosystem approach using the human–environment interaction. The aim of this paper is to form an integrated approach for sustainable blue economy in a coastal ecosystem, using the SDGs and the ecosystem services frameworks and exploring the interlinkages of the ecosystem’s parameters from both sides. The outcome of this study is the formation of a decision-making tool for sustainable blue economy in a coastal ecosystem, which classifies the SDGs with a specific factor, according to their importance for the sustainable blue economy, and helps stakeholders prioritize their actions toward the achievement of sustainability in the specific ecosystem. A case study of this approach is Elefsis Gulf, a coastal ecosystem in the eastern Mediterranean, located 18 km from the historic city of Athens, Greece.

Intensity of estrus expression – valuable obvious determinant of fertility in Bos indicus cows

This study aimed to characterize estrus response and to establish relationships between intensity of estrus, preovulatory follicle (POF) size and estradiol (E2) concentrations on day of AI, luteal profiles and pregnancy outcome in lactating Hariana breed of cows. 200 cyclic cows were subjected to Ovsynch (n = 54) and Pre-OV treatment (n = 146). Ovsynch: Buserelin acetate (BA; 10 µg), Cloprostenol (500 µg) and BA (10 µg) were injected i.m. on day 0, 7 and 9, respectively, irrespective of treatment. Pre-OV: BA (10 µg) and Cloprostenol (500 µg) was also injected i.m. simultaneously 7 days prior to initiate Ovsynch. On the basis of estrus behavior, the cows were classified into three groups: weak, moderate and intense. Artificial insemination performed at 18–24 hours after 2nd BA of Ovsynch in both treatments. The average duration of estrus did not differ (p > 0.05) between Ovsynch and Pre-OV treatment. A positive correlation was observed between estrus response and POF size, concentration of E2 on day of AI and luteal profiles on day 12 post-AI. First service conception rate was higher in cows exhibited intense (45.46%) and moderate (42.56%) estrus response than weak (28.57%) estrus response. In conclusion, intensity of estrus expression could be considered as important determinant for deciding pregnancy outcomes in Bos indicus cows.

Prospects and Challenges of Urban Pond Ecology: A Review

Increase in human population has led to intense pressure on bionetworks that provides various services vital for living organisms survival. This steered to the increase in interest in exploring the panorama and encounters of pond ecology for policy implementation, sustainable utilization that will guarantee sustainable management. This paper review the basic concepts of pond ecosystem, ecosystem service, challenges and prospects of the pond ecosystem. Relevant materials were collected, reviewed and synthesis with a view to understand the level of contribution, area of weakness therefore, the study could contributes in the area. Fish production, irrigation, groundwater storage and discharge, reduction of flash flood and aesthetic were identified as part of ecosystem services rendered by the urban pond. Garden production, research and aesthetic are some of the prospect while, waste disposing site, eutrophication, pollution are considered as some of the challenges confronting pond ecosystem.

Information and Communication Technology Medicine: Integrative Specialty for the Future of Medicine

The impact of information and communication technology (ICT) on medicine is unprecedented and ever-increasing. This has made it more and more difficult for doctors to keep pace with ICT developments and to adequately match the input of ICT experts. As a result, medical disciplines may not be able to take full advantage of growing possibilities. In this personal viewpoint paper, I argue for the establishment of a novel medical specialty, ICT medicine. ICT medicine is needed to optimally face the challenges of ICT-based developments, including artificial intelligence (AI), and to ensure their efficient and beneficial use. ICT medicine is rooted in both medicine and ICT, and in contrast to existing medical specialties it is integrative in nature, as long-standing structural collaborations with ICT and other stakeholders cross the boundaries between disciplines. Thus, new concepts and theories may evolve that are better suited to addressing ICT-related issues in medicine. ICT doctors will be instrumental in the conception, development, implementation, and evaluation of digital tools, systems, and services. They provide a bridge between ICT professionals and clinical users and educate doctors in digital applications and services. Notably, ICT doctors may have a pivotal role in the validation, verification, and evaluation of AI models. ICT medicine institutes offer a home to these new professionals, enhancing their independence within health care organizations and in relation to ICT companies. Importantly, in an era of growing technicalization and use of AI algorithms, ICT doctors may safeguard the human factor in medicine. And, from a societal perspective, they may promote digital inclusion and the continuing high quality of digital services and provide leadership in the future digitalization of medicine.

Developmental programming of production and reproduction in dairy cows: I. Association of maternal parity with offspring's birth weight, milk yield, reproductive performance and AMH concentration during the first lactation period

Multiparous dams have been reported to produce offspring with greater fertility and higher AMH concentration, as a marker of ovarian reserves, as compared with nulliparous and primiparous dams. Yet it has remained to be addressed whether this phenomenon can still be true for old multiparous cows which might experience some geriatric changes in their reproductive system. Therefore, the present study was conducted to evaluate the productive and reproductive performance of offspring with different maternal parity. To this end, offspring were classified based on their maternal parities into four categories, including offspring of nulliparous (no previous parity), primiparous (one previous parity), young multiparous (two to six previous parities) and old multiparous (seven or more previous parities) dams. In study I, data of birth weight, milk yield and reproductive variables of 11,788 offspring and data of their maternal parity were retrieved. In study II, blood samples (n = 521) were collected from offspring with various maternal parity for measurement of serum AMH. Birth weight was the lowest in the offspring of nulliparous dams (P < 0.0001) and it was lower in offspring of primiparous and old multiparous dams than offspring of young multiparous dams (P < 0.05). Milk production was the lowest in offspring of old multiparous dams (P < 0.01), and it was lower in offspring of young multiparous dams than offspring of nulliparous and primiparous dams (P < 0.0001). Offspring of old multiparous dams had greater first service conception rate, less services per conception and shorter calving to conception interval than offspring of nulliparous, primiparous and young multiparous dams (P < 0.05). Furthermore, AMH concentration was higher in offspring of old multiparous dams than offspring of nulliparous and primiparous dams (P < 0.05). In conclusion, the present study revealed greater milk production in offspring resulting from dams with lower parity, probably due to the genetic selection for improvement of milk production in dairy cows which imparts the younger generations greater genetic merits for milk production. Reproductive performance, however, was greater in offspring born to dams with higher parity, particularly those born to old multiparous dams, and this phenomenon might be related to their lower milk production and higher AMH concentration.

Strategi Service Quality Sebagai Media dalam Menciptakan Kepuasan dan Loyalitas Pelanggan Jasa Pendidikan

This article discusses the importance of service quality in creating customer satisfaction and loyalty in the education sector. The article highlights the Total Quality Service (TQS) concept, which emphasizes the effectiveness and efficiency of service delivery. The article also discusses the four characteristics of non-profit service institutions, including intangibility, inseparability, variability, and perishability. The article emphasizes the importance of identifying customer needs and understanding their characteristics to provide satisfactory services. The article also discusses the impact of customer satisfaction and loyalty on the sustainability of educational institutions. The research method used in this article is library research, which involves analyzing and synthesizing existing literature on the topic. The article concludes that providing high-quality services is essential to maintain customer satisfaction and loyalty, which in turn contributes to the reputation, competitiveness, and financial stability of educational institutions.

Humans and seagrass: a complex and intertwining links - an illustration from North Sulawesi, Indonesia

Interactions between humans and seagrasses in a rural area in North Sulawesi (North Minahasa) were determined by applying the ecosystem goods and services concept and related social-ecological system. The main role in the villages is small-scale fishermen and the general public. By conducting interviews, questionnaires, focus group discussions, community immersion, and field surveys, we discovered complex social-ecological ties that are essential for local society and the ecosystem. Nursery ground and habitat for fish and invertebrates, traditional medicine, indicative for Ramadan season-opening, and sites for bait collection were within the significant seagrass meadow ecosystem services for the local coastal people. We identified 183 traditional fish names that are associated with seagrass. Gleaning (banyare) and trapping fisheries (“soma”, “sero” and “bubu”) in the areas captured seagrass-associated fishes (Siganidae) that contribute a major livelihood source for the fishermen. The seagrass meadow overlaps with species habitats, for instance, dugongs and sea turtles. Out of 90 fishing grounds, 13 overlapped with seagrass beds, which also have dugong feeding trails. Most of the seagrass beds are open and free for all areas, except around LMMAs managed by villages, which likely create positive effects on seagrass meadows.

Strategic plan to restore a shallow overgrowing macrophyte lake

Abstract As a result of natural and anthropogenic eutrophication, shallow lakes ultimately become wetlands. Several aquatic ecosystem values diminish, but some biotic communities may benefit. Lake Lahepera is a very shallow lake filled with sediments and overgrown with macrophytes. It is a former bay and an important spawning ground for fishes of Lake Peipsi, the fourth largest lake in Europe. The main question is, how to reconcile the goals of nature conservation and circular economy – restore and maintain good functioning of the lake ecosystem, preserve habitats for wetland communities, make economic use of sapropel, and renew spawning conditions for fish. The lake has been investigated since the 1950s. Resulting from strong human pressure, especially in the 1970s and 1980s, the accumulated organic sediments and macrophyte overgrowth have diminished the habitat diversity of the lake. Irregular flushing of the lake with Lake Peipsi waters can wash away large amounts of phosphorus. According to the investigations in 2014-15, phosphorus in- and outflow are in balance, but the internal loading is high. A set of possible restoration options with sediment and macrophyte removal methods is proposed and their outcome assessed using the ecosystem service concept. A comparison of possible future scenarios, based ecosystem service values shows that with a balanced combination of different habitat restoration methods it is possible to achieve stable ecological status of the lake. Species diversity, especially that of floating leaved macrophytes, will increase in the lake. At the same time, wetland habitats will retain their values.

Правовое регулирование услуг, оказываемых дистанционно

The article is devoted to the study of the concept of remote services provided by business entities, as well as the peculiarities and problems of the statutory regulation of this area. The relevance of the study is due to a stable increase in demand for remote services in modern society. Internet technologies are a determinant of the future development of the state and society, require an appropriate level of versatile formation of the indi-vidual as a professional, ready for new competencies. The object of the study are the public relations emerging in the sphere of remote services, and the subject – studying the concept and problems of their legal regulation. It is emphasized that the rapid development of information technology required the improvement of legislation, in particular in the use of virtual space. Nevertheless, it is not always possible for the legal and regulatory framework to respond to some new phenomena in a timely manner, especially if they are very active and rap-idly developing. Remote services at the moment represent just such a phenomenon.

Augmented Reality dengan Model Generate Target dalam Visualisasi Objek Digital pada Media Pembelajaran

Augmented Reality (AR) is a digital technology that allows the creation of a combination between the real world and digital content projections to produce additional valuable information for users. This technology has begun to implement in various fields of human life like industry, health, military, entertainment, and education. AR technology will be applied to the education sector in this community service activity. This activity aims to introduce AR technology and a development model based on the Model Generate Target (MGT) to service partners, namely SMA INS Kayu Tanam. The Generate Target model is an AR application development concept by adopting the concept of Digital Twins, where digital content projections will be made similar to real objects. The projected digital content will serve as a descriptive object from the real world, so users can interact more flexibly with objects from the real world. The activity was carried out by providing an introduction to AR technology, installing AR design software, and practicing making simple AR applications using the MGT concept for partner service to the community. In this activity, the designed AR will use spherical objects in the real world and the resulting digital projection is a virus. Projection of digital content onto spherical objects will provide better information and learning experiences in viral object recognition because 3D objects will appear and be attached to real objects. The expected results of this community service activity are introducing AR technology to partners engaged in education and providing a new solution in implementing new digital content-based teaching media that can be applied to several subjects such as biology, chemistry, and glasses to community service partners.

Ajay Foods: the sweet spot within service design and menu expansion

Learning outcomes To understand a firm’s service concept and process; to explain the service design that differentiates itself by making trade-offs in operations and service offering; to identify the importance of deliberately designed interrelated systems and resources to achieve growth in services and to evaluate the fit of new design elements in the service offering. Case overview/synopsis Ajay Takeaway Foods LLP (Ajay Foods) is a food venture founded by Mr Jaideep Solanki and Mr Ajay Solanki and operates as a chain of quick service restaurants with a simple mission to sell food that is good, affordable and accessible to all. Ajay Foods serves only pure vegetarian and limited variants of burger, pizza and cold coffee. Ajay Foods rolled out 75 stores in just 18 months during the COVID 19 pandemic. Ajay Foods’ founders were contemplating on expanding menu. There was growing demand for food items such as samosa, wraps, sandwiches and French fries. One of the founders got into dilemma: How many items? and Which item(s) to add to the menu? Complexity academic level This case can be used at post-graduate level to teach basic frameworks of service concept and design. The case covers a range of topics such as service processes, service elements and product offerings in a service setting. It can be used effectively with MBAs and Hospitality Management program in courses that focus on Service Management, Service Operations or Service Marketing Strategy. Supplementary materials Teaching notes are available for educators only. Subject code CSS 9: Operations and Logistics.

Identification of heat shock protein70-2 and protamine-1 mRNA, proteins, and analyses of their association with fertility using frozen-thawed sperm in Madura bulls.

This study aims to identify heat shock protein70-2 (HSP70-2) and protamine-1 (PRM1) mRNA and protein in Madura bull sperm and demonstrate their relation as bull fertility biomarkers. The Madura bull fertility rates were grouped based on the percentage of first service conception rate (%FSCR) as high fertility (HF) (79.04%; n = 4), and low fertility (LF) (65.84%; n = 4). mRNA of HSP70-2 and PRM1 with peptidylprolyl isomerase A (PPIA) as a housekeeping gene were determined by quantitative real-time polymerase chain reaction, while enzyme-linked immunoassay was used to measure protein abundance. In the post-thawed semen samples, sperm motility, viability, acrosome integrity, and sperm DNA fragmentation index were analyzed. Data analysis was performed on the measured parameters of semen quality, relative mRNA expression, and protein abundance of HSP70-2 and PRM1, among the bulls with various fertility levels (HF and LF) in a one-way analysis of variance analysis. The Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between semen quality, mRNA, proteins, and fertility rate. Relative mRNA expression and protein abundance of HSP70-2 and PRM1 were detected and were found to be highly expressed in bulls with HF (p<0.05) and were associated with several parameters of semen quality. HSP70-2 and PRM1 mRNA and protein molecules have great potential to serve as molecular markers for determining bull fertility.

Recovery-oriented nursing service for people with schizophrenia in the community: An integrative review.

The recovery-oriented service concept has been recognized for its impact on mental health practices and services. As the largest group of mental healthcare providers, mental health nurses are well-positioned to deliver recovery-oriented services but face challenges due to role ambiguity and identity issues. Therefore, clarifying the role and principles of mental health nursing is essential. This study aimed to identify essential nursing practices for individuals with schizophrenia in recovery-oriented mental health services. The study utilized a five-step integrative review approach, including problem identification, literature search definition, critical analysis of methodological quality, data analysis, and data presentation. Multiple databases, such as ScienceDirect and Scopus, as well as online libraries and journals/publishers, including Sage journals, APA PsyNet, SpringerLink, PsychiatryOnline, Taylor & Francis Online, and Wiley Online Library, were searched. The search spanned from the inception of the recovery-oriented services concept in 1993 to 2022. Content and thematic analysis were employed to analyze and synthesize the findings from the included studies. Twenty-four articles met the inclusion criteria. Two themes were identified: 1) Direct nursing care, consisting of six sub-themes: therapeutic nurse-patient relationship (TNPR), psychoeducation (PE), coping skill training (CST), cognitive behavioral techniques (CBT), interventions to improve medication adherence (IMA), and social functioning (SF); and 2) Indirect nursing care. This study highlights the crucial role of nursing and nursing practices in recovery-oriented services. Mental health nurses prioritize person-centered care, therapeutic relationships, and collaboration with peer support workers to enhance treatment effectiveness. In addition, they focus on improving medication adherence, providing coping support, and promoting social capabilities, ultimately improving individuals' quality of life. Aligning actions with recovery-oriented principles, mental health nurses emphasize empowerment and holistic care. Further research in this area will enhance the healthcare system and better support individuals on their recovery journey.

Pengabdian Kepada Masyarakat: Dalam Konsep Dan Implementasi

Community service carried out by tertiary institutions should be able to carry out the functions of developing, implementing and utilizing educational and research darma products. Even though until today there are still many tertiary institutions that still misinterpret community service, in fact, the people who are targeted ultimately have a wrong perception of the tertiary darma program, where people think they get assistance for free. This ultimately forms the perception that community service activities that have been carried out by PTN and PTS, tend to lead to community service activities which are carried out free of charge. The purpose of this writing is to explain theoretically how the concept of community service really is and how it is implemented in the midst of society. Based on the discussion that has been carried out, it can be concluded that tertiary education services to the community as an institutional implementation of science, technology and arts and culture through scientific methodology so as to accelerate the rate of growth in achieving national development goals. The implementation of community service carried out by tertiary institutions has the scope of service as the practice of science, technology, and art which can include the development of science, technology and art into products that can be directly utilized by the community; Application of science, technology, and art that is relevant to the needs of the community and the demands of development; Provision of expertise assistance to the community in solving development problems; Development of research results which, according to university studies, can be utilized for the benefit of society and development so that these research results can directly benefit society and development.

Building a Sustainable Brand Relationship: Analysis of Brand Functional Value and Customer Emotional Cognition in Using the MyParmad Application

This study examines the impact of brand functional value and customer emotional cognition on sustainable brand relationships between users and the MyParmad application. The results suggest that functional value has a more significant influence on the sustainable brand relationship than the emotional cognition of the customer. Nevertheless, emotional cognition is still an essential factor in promoting sustainable brand relationships based on the functional value of an application. By considering user feedback and implementing innovative ideas, organizations like Universitas Paramadina can improve their applications' functional aspects and strengthen their service concepts. Brand functional value and emotional cognition affect the formation of these relationships, and organizations like Universitas Paramadina can strengthen their service concepts by considering user feedback and implementing innovative ideas. The study used a purposive sampling technique to gather data from 103 Universitas Paramadina students via an electronic questionnaire during February-March 2023. The survey consisted of 28 Likert scale questions based on previous research on brand functional value, customer emotional cognition, and sustainable brand relationships.

THE DEFINITION AND LEGAL NATURE OF ELECTRONIC SERVICES IN UKRAINE

The scientific article analyzes the concept and legal nature of electronic services in Ukraine. The need to define the concept and legal nature of electronic services in Ukraine is due to the urgent need to research this institute in connection with the development of economic relations and the development of business and information technologies. The possibility of using electronic services significantly saves time and resources, simplifies the process of obtaining the necessary documents and shortens bureaucratic procedures. The principle positions and evaluations implemented in the research process are determined by the theoretical views of scientists on electronic services. Therefore, in the article ere defined the following characteristics of a service can be distinguished: 1) a service is a specific activity; 2) has no material embodiment; 3) consumed in the execution process; 4) the results of such «consumption» can be used in the future. It is also defined that a service is a certain activity of subjects that does not have a material embodiment, is consumed in the process of execution, and the result of such activity can be used in the future. It is underlined the following features of electronic service provided under civil law: the possibility of receiving the service remotely via the Internet; the existence of a contract or other legal act for the provision of a service that regulates relations between the parties; mandatory compliance with the requirements of the law on consumer protection and other norms of civil law; transparency and comprehensibility of the terms of service provision for the recipient; responsibility for low-quality or improper service provision; does not «require» personal presence. It is given the definition of the concept of electronic service from the point of view of certain actions. It is also defined the legal nature of electronic service agreement.

Service per Conception (S/C) dan Conception Rate (CR) Sapi Crossbreed (Persilangan Bos sondaicus dan Bos taurus) di Kecamatan Kupang Timur

Conception Rate (CR) and Service Conception (S/C) are two parameters for assessing the reproductive performance of cattle. This research was conducted to determine the value of S/C and CR in crossbreeding cattle in the working area of ​​the Public Health Center. The material used in this study was 72 crossbreed cattle aged 3-10 years. Semi-intensive rearing system with AI mating. The results the S/C in this study was 3.9 higher than the ideal standard of 1.6–2. The CR in this study was 58.6%. CR numbers are still relatively low from the ideal, namely 65 -75%.