Concept Of Risk Management Research Articles

Classifications and typology of the natural and triggered technological risks. Applicability of remote sensing technologies to the risk classification

New approach to the risk management concept based on the assessment of damages (in % of GDP), probability of occurrence and necessary measures to create resilient society is presented. Several theoretical models are investigated and compared. The "acceptable risk" concept is developed based on the preventive measures and expected results. „Resilient”, „Transition” and „Forbidden” areas related to the damages and probability of occurrence are graphically defined. The classification is based on two main factors (probability of occurrence and potential damage) associated with risk processes and phenomena that develop and run in the „Resilient", „Transition" and „Forbidden” areas. Satellite data and information related to the specific characteristics of the natural hazards and disasters are used.

Evaluation of Risk and Quality Management in a Casablanca Operating Theatre

Risks at the level of the operating room are permanent and different from one surgical intervention to another. They have diverse sources, hence the importance of risk management concept for a good functioning of the operating room in order to enhance care quality.The recurrent absence of surgical instruments (surgery forceps and other instruments) in their box is still a major problem within the operating room. It often happens during the surgical interventions, whether are major or minor, that the surgical team uses many boxes to fill these lacks.The objective of this study is to help the clinic to establish an ongoing improvement dynamic of processes within the operating room. It is consisted of tracing the steps of management of the patient to be operated, from their first contact with the process staff to their exit from the operating room to the functional unit. With the help of cartography, the connections between the operating room process and the processes of support, the liaison between activities, fluxes and resources are easily understood.The analysis and the prioritization of dominant problems are done according to (SMART) indicators and QQQQCC methodology. The absence of surgical instruments (surgery forceps and other instruments) in their storing boxes was chosen as a dominant problem within this process in complicity with key persons of the operating room and the clinic managers through many meetings.Through the analysis of the causes effects or ishikawa diagram, the weak organizational culture, the competences insufficiency, unsuitable workforce, and the under motivation of staff sterilization service have been recognized as causes of the origin of the problem because it is at the equipment packaging step where the instruments are intertwined.In conclusion, an arsenal of solutions and actions are set up to overcome this problem and as the staff enhancement responsible for sorting and packaging boxes of sterilization (currently only the major is dedicated to these tasks, continuous staff training, a team in charge of monitoring and evaluation of risks and quality within the operating…

Influence of School Managers’ Training on Disaster Risk Management in Public Secondary Schools within Nairobi City County Kenya

Disaster risks are very common occurrences within Kenyan secondary schools. Most disasters afflicting Nairobi City schools of the public category include fire outbreaks, student unrest, terror threats and strikes which have caused harm to humans and property in a number of incidences. Nevertheless, the concept of disaster risk management in secondary schools in Nairobi has so far not attracted much attention of researchers. The study objects were: to investigate school managers’ training mode on DRM, how the training had assisted the school managers in DRM, and the influence of school managers’ training on DRM. Emergent Norm theory and Risk Management theory were used to give guidance to the study. The study was a mixed methodology research employing concurrent triangulation design. The population comprised 282 individuals and sample size of 167 respondents determined according to Krejcie and Morgan sampling table. Data was collected through questionnaires and observation checklists for principals, HODs, BOM and interview guides for sub QASOs. Tools were pre-tested among 10% of the target sample, not part of part of the actual study. Instrument consistency was determined through Pearson product Moment correlation where a correlation coefficient of 0.75 was considered acceptable. Expert judgment by supervisors and peer reviewers was used to test the instruments for validity. Instrument dependability was established by employing overlapping procedures including telephone and face to face interviews during field work. Concurrent triangulation was employed for data credibility. Instrument reliability was calculated using Chronbach’s Alpha. Quantitative statistics was descriptively evaluated and shown in figures and tables. Significance of confidence at 95% level was tested using inferential statistics. Qualitative data was analysed thematically and results presented in tables. Conclusions are anticipated to benefit School managers, Teachers’ Service commission, Parents, Principals, the Ministry of Education, Nairobi County. All ethical issues pertaining to research were observed. The study findings are that: School managers were not trained on management of disaster risks. The school managers were trained on school safety through: Red Cross, In-service and Work-shop programs. 71.3% of school managers said that DRM was negatively influenced by the training on disaster risk management. The researcher concludes as: School managers in public schools in Nairobi City are not trained on disaster risk management. 65% have been trained on school safety. School managers are not prepared to manage disaster risk because they lack appropriate training. The recommendations are that: The Government of Kenya should develop a policy for disaster risk management, a Curriculum on management of risks caused by disaster and train school managers, teachers, students and communities on management of disaster risk.

On the nature of risk in the safety management of structurally complex systems

Aim. In the general case, a risk-oriented approach encompasses probabilistic methods of emergency processes and events simulation as well as deterministic methods. The use of probabilistic and deterministic estimations has been the focus of research aiming to improve safety and operational procedures. However, the experience of using probabilistic analysis only (essentially, one-criterium tool) has shown that this approach does not encompass all the required aspects of safety. The aim of the paper is to introduce (update) the definitions of the very concepts of “analysis” and “synthesis” as regards the risks for the purpose of research of safety of structurally complex systems (SCS) and design of systems for monitoring hazards and threats to their stable development thereof.Method. The paper examines – from the point of view of systems science – the method of analysis and synthesis of risks as a development tool of advanced systems for monitoring SCS safety threats. The paper compares the primary current concepts of risk management in SCS and has shown that they should be developed and improved. A type of risk functionality is proposed that allows defining a safety solution by the value of mathematical expectation of losses, with appropriate corrections taken into account.Result. The concept of “risks synthesis” is introduced as a scientific tool integrated with analysis that takes into consideration the existing connections between the elements of considered SCS in terms of a whole system in its entirety. Principles are formulated for the collection of comprehensive sets of data required for decision-making.Conclusion. The proposed approach paves the way for the development of the method of risks synthesis and suggests the development of advanced expert systems to support decision-making regarding the safety of SCS as multifunctional and multilevel systems intended for both recording and analysis of each individual case (event), and prediction of trends and preparation of prevention measures as necessary.

Addressing the risk domain in the long-term management of pediatric asthma.

There is growing concern regarding the long‐term outcomes of early and poorly controlled childhood asthma, either of which can potentially lead to the development of severe asthma in adults and irrecoverable loss of lung function leading to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease. These outcomes of inadequately controlled asthma should prompt a change in practice to better and/or earlier identify children at risk of adverse respiratory outcomes of asthma, to monitor disease progression, and to design intervention strategies that could either prevent or reverse asthma progression in children. The careful follow‐up of spirometry over time—in the form of lung function trajectories, the application of biomarkers to assist in the diagnosis of early asthma and medication selection for these patients, as well as methods to identify patients at risk of asthma attacks—can be used to develop individualized management strategies for children with asthma. It is now time for asthma specialists to communicate this information to patients, parents, and primary care physicians and to incorporate them into routine clinical assessments of children with asthma. In time, these concepts of risk management and prevention can be refined to provide a more comprehensive approach to asthma care so as to prevent adverse respiratory outcomes from poorly controlled childhood asthma.

A Review of Various Methods of Management of Risk in the Field of Emergency Medicine.

BACKGROUND:The main concept of risk management in the emergency department (ED) contains a broader meaning, so that; it’s known as a sudden event or situation which would happen at an uncertain future that has some negative or positive impacts which could be called threat or opportunity respectively. However, the knowledge of risk management could cover the overall procedures involved with administering the planning of risk management, identification, investigation, monitoring and also step by step clinical examination. One of the main tools for preventing adversities is evaluating and management of possible risks.AIM:One of the main objectives of the present study is recognising the most frequent types of the risk happening in the EDs. Moreover, the present study is trying to evaluate the possible risks which could happen among various ED sections.METHODS:Six databases of EMBASE, HubMed, Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, PubMed, CHBD and Goggle scholar were chosen for discovering much-related articles from the year 2005 to 2019. A total number of 68 were chosen finally to be reviewed more precisely based on the main objective of the present study.RESULTS:Precise planning, preparing sufficiently and conducting the process of continuous monitoring are needed for ensuring the fact that any possible risks could be managed through these planned strategies. On the other hand, by modifying the patients’ beliefs, anticipations and the available social culture about the importance of risk management issue, the overall objective of the present study could be achieved at higher rates.CONCLUSION:Moreover, because the potential of occurrence of risk in EDs is high and approximately more than half of them are fatal, more precise adequate systematic plans for management of them should result.

Implementation of property‐level flood risk adaptation (PLFRA) measures: Choices and decisions

AbstractHydrometeorological events are highly costly and have strong impacts on the human‐environment system. Effective response requires effective risk management concepts and strategies at individual and watershed level to increase community resilience. Focusing on flood risk and the information associated with it, individual risk behavior in the shape of implementing property‐level flood risk adaptation (PLFRA) measures is often overlooked. For this research, a comprehensive overview of possible PLFRA measures for homeowners in flood risk areas was made, as well as the possible costs and technical feasibility for new and existing buildings. To complement this, insights into risk mitigation behavior are essential due to the ongoing shift to risk‐based and individualized flood risk management, which require a contribution from flood‐prone households to risk reduction. Results show that PLFRA measures differentiate in their effectiveness, cost‐efficiency and technical feasibility, and full protection can never be guaranteed. Considering risk mitigation behavior, literature generally distinguishes between situational factors (such as communication and economic subsidies) and personal factors (such as personal and psychological components influencing individual behavior).This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Planning Water Science of Water > Water Extremes

Evaluation and communication of pluvial flood risks in urban areas

AbstractThe increase of pluvial flooding has long been discussed to be a most probable outcome of climate change. This has raised the question of necessary consequences in the design of urban drainage systems in order to secure adequate flood protection and resilience. Due to the uncertainties in future trends of heavy rainfall events, the awareness of remaining risks of extreme pluvial flooding needs to be roused at responsible decision makers and the public as well leading to the implementation of pluvial flood risk management (PFRM) concepts. The state of two core elements of PFRM in Germany are described here: flood hazard and risk evaluation and risk communication. In 2016 the guideline DWA‐M 119 has been published to establish city‐based PFRM concepts in specification of the European Flood Risk Management Directive (EU 2007). As core elements, the guidelines recommend a site‐specific analysis and evaluation of flood hazards and potentials of flood damages to create flood hazard and flood risk maps. In the long run, PFRM needs to be established as a joint community effort and a requirement for more flood resilience. The risk communication within the administration and in the public requires a comprehensible characterization and classification of heavy rainfall to illustrate event extremity. The concept of a rainstorm severity index (RSI) instead of statistical rainfall parameters appears to be promising to gain a better perception by affected citizens and non‐hydrology‐experts as well. A methodical approach is described to specify and assign site‐specific rainfall depths within the severity index scheme RSI12.This article is categorized under: Engineering Water > Sustainable Engineering of Water Engineering Water > Planning Water Engineering Water > Methods

Research progress on internal statistical quality control procedures for quantitative tests in clinical laboratories

The laboratory medicine is aimed to support clinical decisions and patient health by providing accurate results. The internal statistical quality control (SQC) can help laboratories detecting the instability of the analytical system and preventing laboratories from reporting the patient results with medically important errors, so it is essential to ensure the quality of testing results and patient safety. The traditional methods of designing SQC strategy are based on the probability of error detection (Ped) and the probability of false rejection (Pfr). With the introduction of risk management concepts, the design of SQC strategy began to be based on the patient risk parameter [MaxE(Nuf)] proposed by Parvin, which means the maximum increase in the number of unacceptable patient results reported compared to the in-control condition during the existence of an undetected out-of control error condition. MaxE(Nuf) is related to the SQC frequency and patient risk, which is very essential for optimizing the SQC frequency and designing a risk-based SQC strategy. Key words: Quality control; Risk management; Diagnostic tests, routine; Total quality management

Long‐term experiences for the safety Assessment of exisiting retaining structures in Styria

AbstractThe road network of the Austrian state of Styria, comprises of about 5,000 retaining structures along a total distance of about 5,100 km. In order to be able to carry out a useful and efficient inspection methode to this number of structures, a risk management (priority management) concept has been developed in collaboration with a university. This is based on the recording of significant parameters regarding the stability of these structures. In addition, the damage potential resulting from a failure of a structure is given, which enables an estimation of the associated risk. These documents can also be used as a design basis or for the determination of necessary inspection measures. The approach presented here is the first version of this concept for existing retaining structures in the state road network and is currently in a phase of trial and validation.

Risk Management of Flood Disaster (A Case Study of Kendal River)

Kendal River, which runs through the city of Kendal, often overflows causing flood for the immediate areas. This study uses the concept of risk management aimed at relevant stakeholders. Data analysis of this study applied the Risk Breakdown Structure (RBS) method to describe each classification of risk sources to risk sub-classification. The results depicted that there were 20 (twenty) risks of causing flooding in Kendal City, with 5 (five) risks being the main cause. According to the Central Java Provincial Government, there was a 35% risk at the extreme level, 60% at the high level, and 5% at the middle level. On the scale of risk acceptance, there were 35% classified as unacceptable, and 65% classified as unexpected. According to the Kendal District Government, there was a 60% risk at extreme levels and 40% at high levels. On the risk acceptance scale, there were 60% classified as unacceptable and 40% classified as unexpected. The results of this study expected to provide a guideline for stakeholders in risk response according to their role both at the Provincial Government and District Government levels based on priority scales.

Enhancing Risk Management by Partnering in International EPC Projects: Perspective from Evolutionary Game in Chinese Construction Companies

Research on risk management in Engineering–Procurement–Construction (EPC) projects has received increasing attention. It is essential to integrate the resources of all participants into the risk management process optimally from the perspective of evolutionary games. The conceptual risk management model in the delivery of international EPC projects is developed in the study. Based on the data from an industry survey, the model has been validated. The path analysis shows that partnering not only directly contributes to interface management and risk management, thereby improving project outcomes, but also has a positive impact on risk management through enhanced interface management. The case study illustrates how partnering has a close linkage with interface management and risk management to achieve superior project performance, confirming the analysis of evolutionary game. The results suggest that contractors’ success in applying partnership can play an exemplary role for other contractors, and governments can create a favorable environment to stimulate participants using win–win philosophy for better infrastructure development.

COST ASSESSMENT OF PRECONSTRUCTION PHASE FOR CONSTRUCTION PROJECTS IN EGYPT

The construction industry is concerned with satisfying its customers’ needs through delivering projects that achieve their objectives and meet their expectations on time, within budget and as specified. Despite the several housing programmers constructed by government authorities, there is a real housing problem for the poor. This problem is attributed to a number of reasons. Amongst them, the inability of the low-incomers to cover the cost of supplied houses and the lack of the constructed projects to achieve users’ satisfaction. This highlighted the need to develop innovative and creative solutions that can deliver housing projects that achieve the satisfaction of their users and at the most-cost effective manner simultaneously. This aim will be achieved through incorporating the concepts of Value Engineering and Risk Management in developing housing projects for the poor. Towards this aim, this paper attempts to accomplish three main objectives. Firstly, reviewing the historical development of housing projects, the concepts of customer satisfaction, VE and RM in construction. Secondly, identifying the capability of VE and RM and their benefits for developing housing projects for the poor. Thirdly, presenting learned lessons extracted from case studies of low-income housing projects constructed by the government of the Egypt. Finally, outlining the research recommendations for government authorities, design firms and construction professionals concerned with housing projects for the poor. Key words: Value Engineering, Projects Management Time costs qualities relationships, constructions project in Egypt, Low Cost Housing Projects.

CAN GEOINFORMATION HELP TO BETTER PROTECT INFORMAL SETTLEMENTS? - A CONCEPT FOR THE CITY OF MEDELLIN

Abstract. New contributions to disaster research need to address the increasing vulnerability of informal settlements in a changing climate situation. Informal settlements are frequently built in hazardous areas and are often left out of traditional disaster risk management concepts. Hence, formal and informal societal structures, as well as technical systems to warn against, handle or mitigate natural hazards, need to evolve. Within the project Inform@Risk we are addressing these issues based on a case study in Medellín (Colombia). Here, as a result of civil conflicts informal dwellings were partly constructed by people displaced from rural areas. They are mainly located in the urban peripheral areas along steep and unstable slopes, where the resettlement of all inhabitants at risk of landslides is unfeasible. This contribution presents the technical infrastructure and the concept to incorporate geodata from different sources in an integrated landslide early warning system for some selected informal settlements of Medellin. Special attention is given to possibilities on how building societal institutions, supported by information systems, increases local resilience. Using geoformation as a basis, we will combine classical participatory planning methods with digitally assisted concepts. These include combining satellite and UAS based remote sensing data with terrestrial sensor networks, crowd sourcing and citizen science to collect volunteered geographic information about the settlement and its environmental parameters, as well as distribute this information and disseminate warnings to the local population.

Market design for resource adequacy: A reliability insurance overlay on energy-only electricity markets

Resource adequacy challenges in energy-only markets have often led to the adoption of centralized capacity mechanisms. However, centralized approaches are problematic due to misalignment of incentives in central agency decision-making, difficulty inferring consumer preferences for reliability, lack of economic protection for consumers against reliability outages, and the challenge of allocating reliability costs through volumetric tariffs. This paper proposes a new model, the insurer-of-last-resort that works as a risk overlay on existing energy-only design. It unbundles energy and reliability and incorporates insurance-based risk management concepts to align incentives for centralized decisions and allows revealed consumer preferences to guide new capacity deployment.

Critical infrastructure and flood resilience: Cascading effects beyond water

AbstractCritical infrastructure and cascading effects are analyzed in this article as cross‐cutting topics in flood risk and resilience. A concept is developed for integrating aspects of disaster risk, hazard, vulnerability and resilience with critical infrastructure analytic components such as redundancy, rapidity or resourcefulness. These components are expressed for each phase of an unfolding flood event and cascading effects are indicated, too. This contribution discusses the implications of such a conceptual frame for the advancement of existing flood risk management concepts. Current international guiding strategies such as the United Nations Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction, the “Making Cities Resilient” campaigns in field of urban disaster resilience, Climate Change Adaptation processes such as the Paris Agreement of the IPCC process, or urban planning in the field of UN HABITAT are all interconnected to the topic of (critical) infrastructure. The article shows how flood risk management can connect to such wider international developments by the conceptual frame discussion presented.This article is categorized under:Engineering Water > Planning WaterScience of Water > Water ExtremesHuman Water > Water Governance

PENINGKATAN PRODUKTIVITAS MELALUI UPAYA ENVIROMENTAL RISK ANALYSIS UNTUK MENDUKUNG PELAKSANAAN GREEN PRODUCTIVITY

PG XYZ as one of the sugar industries that have the potential for waste pollution needs to make improvements both in the production process and in the management of its environment. With various existing waste conditions such as in industrial wastewater. Therefore, a systematic application is needed to minimize the possibility of environmental risks. so that identification, assessment and analysis of environmental risk based on the concept of environmental risk management using qualitative methods, semi-quantitative methods and the significance of aspects. followed by EPI calculation to support the implementation of green productivity. the objectives of this study are to identify and analyze environmental risks in the sugar processing industry wastewater based on the concept of environmental risk management. Evaluate the factors that influence the productivity of environmental performance to support the implementation of green productivity. The result of this study is that installation of wastewater treatment has a low risk with a total risk value of 77 which means that management is carried out by routine procedures. Whereas the results of the environmental risk assessment of production activities which have the most environmental impact are turbine oil lubrication at the boiler station with a score of 1701, at the blotong process purification station with a score of 729. Factors that influence environmental performance productivity are the performance of the boiler station and oil from the turbine steam that is carried into liquid waste. EPI index measurement results have a positive value of 35.24%, this indicates that the environmental performance of the sugar mills studied is good enough.

Minimizing failure of production quality from refill drinking water in Gubeng District, Surabaya City, using failure mode and effect analysis

Refill water is one important element in filling the increasing drinking water demand. The price offered by refill water depot is significantly lower than packaged water, however, its quality does not meet the standards, and therefore it will potentially affect people’s health. This risk surfaces if refill water depot installation can’t treat raw water as well as the environment surrounding properly. Thus, identification to refill water production failure cause is needed to minimize the possibility of failure happening. Identification and risk analysis processes are based on risk management concept by using Failure Mode and Effect Analysis (FMEA). Failure cause identification is done using fishbone diagram to find the root of the problem causing the failure. The root of the failure will then be given score to determine the biggest risk stated in Risk Priority Number (RPN). RPN value is obtained through multiplying severity, occurrence, and detection. The biggest failure cause in refill water depot is in the disinfection technology used, which is the replacing and contact duration of regulation regarding refill water also causes failure in refill water production process.

РИЗИК-МЕНЕДЖМЕНТ ЯК ІНСТРУМЕНТ ЗАБЕЗПЕЧЕННЯ СТІЙКОГО ФУНКЦІОНУВАННЯ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА В УМОВАХ НЕВИЗНАЧЕНОСТІ

У статті розглянуто поняття невизначеності середовища функціонування підприємства, досліджено сутність і природу загроз та ризиків, встановлено відмінність між ризиком та невизначеністю. Досліджено систему ризик-менеджменту на підприємстві. Встановлено, що система ризик-менеджменту є невід’ємною складовою частиною підсистеми менеджменту організації та являє собою систему управління ризиками на основі процесу їх ідентифікації, оцінки та аналізу, а також вибору і використання методів нейтралізації їх наслідків, що спрямована на досягнення необхідного балансу між стратегічними можливостями підприємства та рівнем ризику.Здійснено аналіз міжнародних стандартів ризик-менеджменту та розглянуті особливості національних стандартів. Визначено, що в Україні діє Державний стандарт ДСТУ ISO 31000:2018, який надає можливість суб’єкту господарювання порівняти свою практику управління ризиками з міжнародним досвідом. Узагальнено основні фактори впливу ризиків на систему управління. Доведено, що сьогодення вимагає постійного моніторингу ризикоутворюючих факторів для створення ефективної та гнучкої системи господарювання підприємства в умовах ринкової кон’юнктури. Представлено та деталізовано етапи ризик-менеджменту: аналіз оточення, ідентифікація ризику, аналіз ризику, оптимізація ризиків. Розглянуто особливості управління ризиками та основні методи їх оптимізації на підприємстві для мінімізації їх впливу на результати діяльності підприємства. Встановлено, що ризик для кожного підприємства є індивідуальним, тому і використання того чи іншого методу оптимізації є також індивідуальним і визначається умовами зовнішнього та внутрішнього середовища.Світовий досвід найбільш часто використовує зовнішні методи (страхування, хеджування, диверсифікація, розподіл ризику) та внутрішні методи (самострахування, лімітування, забезпечення якості виготовленої продукції, бізнес-планування) зниження ризиків підприємства. Узагальнено, що від прийнятої концепції управління ризиками значною мірою залежить ефективність всього ризик-менеджменту та результативність діяльності економічних суб’єктів.

Game versus Lecture-Based Learning in Disaster Risk Education; An Experience on Shiraz High School Students.

Objective:To compare the effect of lecture and game methods in disaster risk education on high school students' knowledge.Methods:This research was a randomized field trial of educational intervention for high school’s students in Shiraz, Iran. Through cluster sampling, the 332 students were randomly selected and their knowledge was compared in two randomized allocated intervention groups by pretest and posttest. For one group a classic lecture about the basic concepts of disaster risk management were presented. In the other group through a game base method and demonstrations the mentors tried to educate the considered concepts.Results: In this study 332 students were participated in lecture (n=166) and game (n=166) groups. There was a significant increase between the mean of students' knowledge in the two groups of lectures and games method after educational intervention. The mean of students' disaster risk knowledge in the lecture and game methods were 17.47 and 29.77 percent respectively (p<0.001).Conclusion: The game's educational method was more effective than the traditional lecture method on students' knowledge and it can be considered as a new approach for promoting the behaviors on disaster risk management.Clinical Trial Registry:IRCT20171014036766N