Concept Of Production Research Articles

Some Topological Properties on The Cartesian Product of Fuzzy b-Metric Space

The aim of this paper is to introduce the concept of the Cartesian product of two fuzzy b-metric spaces with related properties. We have introduced the property that the Cartesian product of two complete fuzzy b-metric spaces is a complete fuzzy b-metric space in terms of the product t-norm (.), as well as the minimum t-norm (Λ). The properties of convergent and Cauchy sequence are introduced by using this concept.

From “open ocean” to “exposed aquaculture”: why and how we are changing the standard terminology describing “offshore aquaculture”

The term “offshore” with regards to aquaculture has hitherto encompassed various perspectives, including technology, geographic location, legal jurisdiction, and more. To resolve the ambiguity in this term and understand its implications for current and future aquaculture development, “offshore” should be resolved into two separate metrics: distance from shore and energy exposure. The United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea (UNCLOS) distinguishes between internal waters, territorial sea, contiguous zone, exclusive economic zone (EEZ), and the high seas, but currently has no precise definition for “offshore” in its provisions, and therefore no applicable laws pertaining to “offshore” aquaculture. Regulating a multi-technology aquaculture sector may require integrating new spatial concepts into the law rather than merely adapting and extending current regulatory designs to include new production concepts. The metrics of distance from shore and exposure are seen as a range rather than a specific threshold, allowing for a continuum. Distance from shore is readily quantified as a distance from a baseline. To rigorously quantify the exposure, the influence and interactions of oceanic parameters (water depth, water current, and wave height and period) we utilized to generate six indices. These oceanic parameters are seen as the main contributions which influence the physical and some biological parameters required for site, species, and technology selection. Four shellfish, three seaweed, and three finfish sites along with 20 potential aquaculture sites were examined using the indices in association with the energy index to determine tolerances of the structures and their ability to cultivate their relevant species. Two indices, Specific Exposure Energy (SEE) and Exposure Velocity (EV), were selected for utilization in the analysis of sites based on their ease of use and applicability. The interaction between the energy indices and various aspects of farm operations and performance were explored. The indices developed and used in the case studies presented have been shown to be useful tools in the general assessment of the energy that will influence the species and equipment selection at potential aquaculture sites. The indices do not provide a definitive answer as to the potential financial success of a site as this requires other inputs relating to infrastructure costs, annual production, distance from port, sales strategy, etc. However, the Specific Exposure Energy index creates a useful tool to describe site energy and be comprehensible to a wide range of stakeholders. We recommend the SEE index be adopted as the predominant tool to communicate the exposure level of aquaculture sites.

Ethanol Production From Sugarcane Molasses: Effects of Ph, Supplementation, and Refrigeration in Simulated Industrial Conditions at a Microdistillary

Objective: This study aims to evaluate the effects of pH, ammonium sulfate supplementation, and refrigeration on fermentation performance in sugarcane molasses, with the goal of optimizing ethanol production under simulated industrial conditions. Theoretical Framework: The research builds on key concepts in biofuel production, emphasizing the role of pH, nutrient supplementation, and temperature control in influencing yeast metabolism and fermentation efficiency. Theories on enzymatic activity and nutrient absorption (Vidal et al., 2013; Gutierrez, 1993) provide the foundation for understanding the interactions between these factors. Method: A full 2³ factorial design was employed, evaluating the effects of pH (3.5 and 5.0), supplementation (0.0 and 1.0 g/L), and refrigeration (with or without) on fermentation efficiency, process efficiency, ethanol productivity, and substrate-to-cell conversion in a microdistillery. Analytical methods included spectrophotometry, refractometry, and chromatography. Results and Discussion: The results indicate that fermentation conditions with pH 3.5, without supplementation, and with refrigeration yielded the best performance, with significant increases in ethanol productivity and fermentation efficiency. The interaction between variables suggests that these factors should be considered jointly to optimize the process. Research Implications: The findings offer practical insights for improving fermentation in industrial biofuel production, particularly in optimizing conditions for ethanol yield and process efficiency under near-industrial conditions. Originality/Value: This study contributes by using a microdistillery to simulate industrial conditions, providing more accurate data for scaling ethanol production. It adds value by highlighting how specific combinations of pH, supplementation, and refrigeration can improve biofuel sustainability.

THE FUTURE OF THE MOVING IMAGE: VIRTUAL PRODUCTION TECHNOLOGY

The moving image production process has a structure that depends on the universal rules of physical science, is sensitive to technological innovations and focuses on the viewer experience. Digitalisation processes in the fields of series and films open the doors to many innovations, directing production companies to the field and aiming to bring the viewing experience to the highest level. Virtual production technology is also recognised as one of the groundbreaking innovations in moving image production. The concept of virtual production is used to encompass innovative production models such as the creation of virtual universes for the realisation of productions, the use of backgrounds consisting of LED screens, and the possibility of real-time rendering. Virtual production technology offers real-time rendering with the inclusion of game engines such as Unity and Unreal Engine in the moving image production process, blurring the boundaries between the production and post-production stages. In addition to the global developments in virtual production technology, production companies in Turkey are also making pioneering initiatives by focusing on this issue. In this study, the development process of virtual production in the world is explained, and the Prince TV series, which is one of the first productions in Turkey using this technology, is analysed technically by using the content analysis method. It has been concluded that the virtual production technology used in the series makes significant contributions to the production process in terms of actor management, image management, art management, removes time and space dependency, and maximises the actor experience. It is predicted that this technology will become accessible to independent producers in time and can be integrated into all stages of moving image production.

Challenging Child-Friendly Urban Design: Towards Inclusive Multigenerational Spaces

The ongoing Covid-19 pandemic has not only presented novel challenges but has also brought to light previously unaddressed issues, such as children’s rights, their interdependence on adults, and the vulnerability of children concerning their mental well-being. The pandemic has served to accentuate the distinction between those spaces that have traditionally been designated for children or adults, and the manner in which they coexist. Some researchers posit that this phenomenon can be attributed to the emphasis placed on so-called child-friendly spaces. This article presents a critical examination of and challenge to the concept of child-friendly places, advocating for a shift towards multigenerational places. This critique draws on data from an observational study conducted in a community playground in Brno, Czechia. The concept of territorial production was employed as a tool to unveil the intricate assemblage of ever-changing control over territories and power dynamics within the playground among its visitors. The findings offer valuable insights into the practices through which children assert temporary control over spaces that are considered to be communal. Teenagers employ loud music or personal belongings to mark their territory, while younger children utilise movement to establish control. Territorial production coexists with those of the adults who also frequent the site. This highlights the necessity to create environments that are conducive to the needs of both children and adults, discouraging the design of exclusive spaces for children. The promotion of a multigenerational city can foster inclusivity, whereby the diverse needs and behaviours of different age groups within shared spaces are recognised and accommodated.

An Observer-Based View of Euclidean Geometry

An influence network of events is a view of the universe based on events that may be related to one another via influence. The network of events forms a partially ordered set which, when quantified consistently via a technique called chain projection, results in the emergence of spacetime and the Minkowski metric as well as the Lorentz transformation through changing an observer from one frame to another. Interestingly, using this approach, the motion of a free electron as well as the Dirac equation can be described. Indeed, the same approach can be employed to show how a discrete version of some of the features of Euclidean geometry including directions, dimensions, subspaces, Pythagorean theorem, and geometric shapes can emerge. In this paper, after reviewing the essentials of the influence network formalism, we build on some of our previous works to further develop aspects of Euclidean geometry. Specifically, we present the emergence of geometric shapes, a discrete version of the parallel postulate, the dot product, and the outer (wedge product) in 2+1 dimensions. Finally, we show that the scalar quantification of two concatenated orthogonal intervals exhibits features that are similar to those of the well-known concept of a geometric product in geometric Clifford algebras.

External Direct Product JU-Algebras

Lingcong and Endam introduced the idea of the direct product of a finite family of B-algebras. In this paper, we introduce the concept of the direct product of an infinite family of JU-algebras, which we call the external direct product. This is a general concept of the direct product in the sense of Lingcong and Endam. The result is based on different types of subsets of JU-algebras. These include JU-subalgebras, JU-ideals, p-ideals, t-ideals, strong JU-ideals, JU-filters, comparative JU-filters, and implicative JU-filters. Also, we introduce the concept of the weak direct product of JU-algebras. Finally, we provide several fundamental theorems of (anti-)JU-homomorphisms in view of the external direct product JU-algebras.

Fruit Wastes and Crop Residues as Nutrient Sources for Bacterial Nanocellulose Production: A Review

Nanocellulose has been developed and used as a bio-based advanced material in modern biotechnology. Lately, bacterial nanocellulose (BNC) emerged as a prominent biopolymer because of its multi-functional application in various industries, such as food, biomedical, cosmetics, and environmental. The emerging concern for large-scale BNC production is the high fermentation costs, low productivity, and expensive culture medium. To minimise this issue, agro-industrial wastes can be used as feedstock. Recently, many studies have investigated the utilization of agro-industrial wastes as potential nutrient sources for BNC production. However, a comprehensive review of BNC production from fruit wastes and crop residues is lacking. To address this gap, the current review focuses on the utilization of fruit wastes and crop residues for BNC production, including its advantages and disadvantages. This study contributes to the scientific community by (a) providing an insight into fruit waste and crop residue utilization for BNC synthesis (b) an overview on its advantages and disadvantages (c) providing recommendations and future perspectives on BNC production from agro-industrial waste utilization. The sustainable concept of BNC production utilizing agro-industrial wastes opens a way for industries to produce BNC on a larger scale.

Trends and challenges in hydrogen production for a sustainable energy future

AbstractRecurring environmental challenges and the global energy crisis have led to intensified research on alternative energy sources. Hydrogen has emerged as a promising solution, produced through electrochemical, thermochemical, and biological methods. This study presents the advantages and disadvantages of these technologies. It also provides pertinent data on hydrogen production, identifying world‐leading countries in hydrogen production, such as the USA, Japan, and China, and the government policies that they have adopted. It reports market trends such as hydrogen synthesis by water electrolysis, the high cost of the electrolyzers used, and incentives for the carbon market to become competitive with other alternative energy sources. It also highlights startups from around the world that are developing innovative methodologies for producing hydrogen. The study concludes that integrating hydrogen production concepts with social, environmental, and industry interests is essential.

RESEARCH AGENDA OF SHARIAH-COMPLIANT INVESTMENT USING BIBLIOMETRIC ANALYSIS R STUDIO

Research in the financial industry is becoming more diverse as technology and financial investment products develop. Sharia concepts in financial investment products will be assessed in the context of current financial trends, challenges, and future market opportunities. This study aims to provide an overview of these three things using Systematic Literature Reviews of previous studies. This study's findings can inform future Sharia financial product studies and financial market stakeholders' policy and decision-making

PRODUCTION AND DISTRIBUTION FROM ISLAMIC ECONOMIC PERSPECTIVE

In Islamic economics, production and distribution are the main pillars for achieving happiness, Islam bases production on the purpose of utilization, that production is a springboard for achieving value benefits and a more collective utilization goal that touches all groups. The presence of this paper is to examine the inherent (close relationship) of the concept of production and distribution based on an Islamic view. The results of this study will become a new discourse in Islamic economics literature as a contribution in the theoretical field for the perfection of the results of future studies. The type of research used is library research by referring to the written content of relevant research and then elaborating it with current phenomena. The conclusion states that Islam is a religion of rahmatan lil -' alamin which implies the distribution of goodness and benefit to every creature created by Allah SWT on earth, therefore this is a principle that is absorbed in Islamic economics so that it wards off all forms of production and distribution activities that are not in harmony with it. So that all human economic activities as caliphs must be verified based on Islamic normative values. Between the concepts of production and distribution, according to Islam, both are not a separate entity, but are a fragment. The main motive that must precede production is distribution, that someone who works has no other motive than himself and to ensure the fulfillment of the needs of others for the sake of realizing prosperity, economic justice and a balanced standard of living among all elements of society .

Concurrent removal of Fe(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) cations from acid mine drainage by an industrial solid waste - steel slag: Behaviors and mechanisms

Acid mine drainage (AMD) contamination poses a severe environmental threat and is a significant risk to human health. There is an urgent need to develop environmentally sustainable and technically viable solutions for water contamination caused by heavy metals. In this study, steel slag (SS) was used as a secondary resource to concurrently remove Fe(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) from AMD. Because of the loose and porous structure, abundant functional groups, fast sedimentation velocity, and excellent solid-liquid separation, SS showed exceptional removal performance for heavy metal ions. The adsorption kinetic data of Fe(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) showed good regression with the pseudo-second-order model. Besides, the adsorption of Fe(II) by SS conformed to the Freundlich model, whereas the adsorption of Cu(II) and Zn(II) followed the Langmuir model, with the maximum adsorption amounts of Cu(II) and Zn(II) being 170.69 and 155.98 mg/g. Furthermore, competitive adsorption was observed among Fe (II), Cu (II), and Zn (II) in a multi-component system, with the adsorption priority being Fe (II) > Cu (II) > Zn (II). The removal mechanism of Fe(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) in AMD by SS mainly includes electrostatic attraction, chemical precipitation, and surface complexation. Interestingly, the leached concentrations of Fe(II), Cu(II), and Zn(II) from the spent slag after calcination were all within the detection limit of the Chinese emission standard, demonstrating excellent environmental stability. Theoretically, this renders it a viable candidate for use as an additive in construction materials. Meaningfully, the work offers a practical approach for energy-efficient and eco-friendly heavy metal ions adsorption, and the secondary utilization of SS also contributes to the sustainable development of the steel industry. It is beneficial to implement the development concepts of clean production and efficient utilization of industrial solid waste.

Learning by exporting: the moderating role of employee human capital

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to explore the means by which exporters foster innovation via the learning-by-exporting effect and to appraise the moderating role of employee human capital in the export–innovation relationship.Design/methodology/approachLeveraging the linked-survey-secondary data from the Human Capital Corporate Panel (HCCP) spanning 2011–2017, with 890 observations from 228 Korean exporters, this study utilizes Generalized Least Squares (GLS) regression to empirically test the proposed hypotheses.FindingsThe results indicate that exporting significantly boosts a firm’s innovation performance by encouraging the generation of new concepts in products, services, technologies and/or production lines. Moreover, the presence of international talent and highly educated staff positively moderates the relationship between export intensity and innovation performance.Originality/valueBy integrating organizational learning and human capital theories, this study yields theoretical and managerial insights by elucidating the roles of exporting and human capital in advancing innovation performance, thereby guiding corporate export strategies and human resource policies.

Ru/NiMnB spherical cluster pillar for highly proficient green hydrogen electrocatalyst at high current density

Advanced OER/HER electrocatalytic alternatives are crucial for the wide adaptation of green hydrogen energy. Herein, Ru/NiMnB spherical cluster pillar (SCP), denoted as Ru/NiMnB, is synthesized using a combination of electro-deposition and hydrothermal reaction. Systematic investigation of Ru doping in the NiMnB matrix revealed significant improvements in electrocatalytic performance. The Ru/NiMnB SCPs demonstrate superior OER/HER activity with low overpotentials of 150 and 103 mV at 50 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH, making them highly competitive with state-of-the-art electrocatalysts. Remarkably, the Ru/NiMnB SCPs exhibit a low 2-E cell voltage of 2.80 V at ultra-high current density of 2,000 mA/cm2 in 1 M KOH, outperforming the standard benchmark electrodes of RuO2 || Pt/C, thereby positioning Ru/NiMnB as one of the best bifunctional electrocatalysts. These SCPs exhibit exceptional high-current characteristics, stability and corrosion resistance, as evidenced by continuous operation at 1,000 mA/cm2 high-current density for over 150 h in 6 M KOH at elevated temperatures under harsh industrial conditions. Only a small amount of Ru incorporation significantly enhances the electrocatalytic performances of NiMnB, attributed to increased active sites and improved intrinsic properties such as conductivity, adsorption/desorption capability and reaction rates. Consequently, Ru/NiMnB SCPs present a promising bi-functional electrode concept for efficient green H2 production.

The Role of Green Supply Chain Management in Enhancing Corporate Sustainability Performance

To improve the sustainability performance of corporations in light of growing environmental concerns and stakeholder demands, Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) has become an essential tactic. the function of GSCM in advancing sustainability through the incorporation of ecological concerns into all stages of the supply chain, beginning with product conception and sourcing and continuing through production, delivery, and disposal. Sustainable sourcing, environmentally friendly packaging, waste minimisation, and energy efficiency are some of the important practices that lead to better economic and environmental results, as can be seen from case studies and empirical research across different industries. In addition to lowering their environmental effect, organisations who adopt GSCM methods save money, boost their reputation, and encourage innovation. Nevertheless, difficulties in implementing GSCM effectively include supply chain complexity, a lack of standardised measurements, and opposition to change. companies to conquer these obstacles and make the most of GSCM to generate sustainable growth and a competitive edge in the long run.

An Entrained Flow Biomass Gasification Technology with the Fluidized Bed Concept for Low-carbon Fuel Production

For accomplishing the vision of building of a net-emission zero society, low-carbon fuels such as e-fuel, Sustainable Aviation Fuel (SAF), and chemical products generation, plays a significant role. Especially, among the low carbon fuels, SAF is the most crucial. Ammonia and electric aircraft are under way as alternatives to fossil-derived jet fuel (kerosene). However, none of these have yet found their way to commercialization. Among the SAF production technology, biomass gasification and Fischer-Tropsch (FT) synthesis technology are one of the lowest CO2 emission processes, according to Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) analysis. However, at present there are some issues about biomass grinding, tar, ash treatment, gas purification and wastewater. We, at Mitsubishi Heavy Industries (MHI) R&D laboratory have developed entrained bed gasification, adopting the fluidized bed concept in which biomass particles are recirculated in the gasifier without fluidizer. Principally desired outcomes of this development was to reduce the grinding power, simplify the structure by using atmospheric pressure process, and lower tar concentration while maintain suitable temperature to prevent ash from melting inside gasifier. Empirical and actual results showed that the developed gasifier can obtain high carbon conversion ratio and low tar as compared to the traditional gasification processes for low-carbon fuel production and produce reliably stable syngas for low-carbon fuel synthesis with single gasifier. Based on the pilot plant operation results, effectiveness of moderate (1223 – 1323 K) temperature gasification with this concept has been demonstrated too. As a conclusion, development needs and expectation of gasification technology for contributing to carbon neutral society are mentioned.

Enhanced formula-based method to estimate burnup, initial enrichment, and cooling time using limited gamma-ray source data of reference PWR spent nuclear fuel assemblies

This study proposes a framework to develop a model for estimating burnup (BU), initial enrichment (IE), and cooling time (CT) of spent nuclear fuel (SNF) overcoming the limitations of existing models in determining IE. Database (DB) of gamma-ray sources for PWR SNF was generated using ORIGAMI. Target gamma radionuclides were selected based on the ease and credibility of measurement. The concept of Product of Powers of Radioactivity (PPR) was suggested, and PPRs for modeling were selected through evaluation of all possible PPRs. Functions established for PPRs were applied to estimate BU, IE, and CT (BIC) of PWR SNF assemblies. Optimized PPR combinations for estimating BU, IE, and CT respectively, as well as three variables simultaneously with the highest accuracy, were suggested. The estimation model proposed in this study enhanced IE estimations, maintaining the reliability of BU and CT estimations. The above framework enables construction of intuitive BIC estimation models using only a small amount of data. This can help hasten the development of estimation models for SNF from various reactor types. Consequently, it is expected to contribute to the safety and safeguards of SNF management by improving the verification that SNF meets acceptance criteria and conforms to the declared information.

Pro-Ecological Consumer Behavior versus Energy Reduction and Sustainable Consumption: A Case from Poland

The concepts of sustainable consumption and production increased in popularity after the World Summit on Sustainable Development in Johannesburg in 2002. Moreover, the focus of attention was turned to the consumer and their key importance in achieving the goals of more sustainable practices. Hence, the main aim of this article is to present the influence of factors related to pro-ecological consumer behaviors on sustainable consumption including energy-use reduction. Epsilon regression was implemented as the research method. This statistical tool enabled the authors to carry out research on such complex phenomena and make the analysis immune to the high correlation among explanatory variables. Moreover, it allowed the authors to consider interactions in the set of diagnostic variables. The research presented in this paper is based on data drawn from the Barometer of Consumer Social Responsibility in Poland for 2022. As the final result of this research, a ranking of pro-ecological consumer behavior factors was constructed. On the one hand, not buying products using excessive packaging can be considered the most important factor of Polish pro-ecological consumer behaviors. On the other hand, trying to choose more ecological products with comparable prices can be regarded as the factor which has the smallest impact. Furthermore, the presented method also allowed for determining the contribution of individual factors to the pro-ecological behavior of consumers.

Empowerment of Chicken Farmers Based on Cleaner Production and Strengthening of Product Added Value through Entrepreneurial Knowledge Enhancement

Given the environmental and health challenges, chicken poultry farms are now facing an increasing urgency to implement cleaner production. The application of the Cleaner Production concept is expected to be a solution to increase business efficiency and sustainability. One way is to process chicken poultry farm waste into valuable products, such as organic fertilizers, thereby reducing environmental negative impacts. This research method uses a Research and Development (R&D) approach with a three-box method. The community participates in a training program focusing on the innovation of processed chicken products, namely the manufacture of dimsum. This training covers theory and practices about Cleaner Production and dimsum-making techniques. The method used in building a complete solution in community service was obtained by Borg and Gall with the calculation of a questionnaire used to measure the achievement of induction of knowledge and skills based on the three-box method. The implementation of community service programs has shown an increase in the skills of partner Small and Medium Enterprises (SMEs) by 89%, an increase in knowledge by 97.6%, and the development of ideas for sustainability by 98.8%. This community service provides a complete solution to increase cleaner production, effectively improving skills and adding value to UD Sumber Mandiri processed chicken products.

Euler sine product and the continued fraction of π

The Euler sine product and the continued fraction of $\pi$ are discussed in this article. Some of the infinite series for cotangent and its derivative are obtained by implementing the concept of Euler sine product and some of the standard series are derived as the immediate consequence of the main results. Furthermore, the continued fraction for odd powers of $\pi$ similar to the expression of $\pi$ derived by Brouncker is presented in this article. Meanwhile, an expression relating the Basel's constant and the cotangent function is obtained as follows: \begin{equation*} \frac{\coth{r}}{2}-\frac{1}{2r}=\sum_{n\in\mathbb{N}}\frac{2^{2n}}{2(2n)!}B_{2n}r^{2n-1}. \end{equation*}