Concept Of Office Research Articles

Activity-based working: How the use of available workplace options increases perceived autonomy in the workplace.

If companies are building offices, nowadays, they mostly realize activity-based concepts as a response to growing flexibility requirements of a digitalized society. Activity-based concepts provide multiple workplace options to employees. After moving to new workspaces, employees need to get used to the facilities and learn how to use the available workplace options. The effectiveness of activity-based working relies on the workplace options and on employees' autonomy to use them according to their current work tasks. The present study examined the change in the use of workplace options, task-environment fit, and autonomy in the workplace after the implementation of an activity-based working concept. The study was longitudinal with two time points (Time 1 and Time 2) that were one year apart. Data were obtained prior to the COVID-19 pandemic. The sample consisted of 153 employees working in activity-based office environments in two organizations in Germany. The average age was 45 years (SD = 11); 44% were men; and 23% had leadership responsibilities. The increased use of available workplace options offered in activity-based working concepts was associated with better task-environment fit, which in turn led to an increase in perceived autonomy in the workplace. The results support the core idea of activity-based working and revealed how this office concept unfolds its effectiveness: Having different workplace options available and using them led to a higher perceived task-environment fit, which in turn, contributed to a higher perceived autonomy in the workplace.

Principles of the Flexible Office Concept in the Context of Co-working Center Design

The article deals with the concept of the flexible office as a modern type of workspace designed to provide a variety of places and ways to work and identifies the main design techniques used to implement the concept and philosophy of "flexibility” on the example of the interior design of the co-working centre. The purpose of the article is to define the specifics of implementing the flexible office concept in the context of the co-working center design. Research methodology. A complex of general scientific methods and methods of contemporary art history are applied: generalisation and systematisation of materials on the problems of flexible office design; the system analysis method, which facilitated the study of the characteristic features of the flexible office design as elements of a single whole; the method of structural and functional analysis, which revealed features of the flexible office as one of the most popular types of working space; classification method through which the basic principles of the flexible office concept are established and analysed through the prism of the co-working centre design. Scientific novelty. The main trends of flexible office design are theorised; the specifics of the design approach to the formation of co-working centre space are examined as an example of the embodiment of the basic principles of flexible office design. Conclusions. The study of design approaches for the co-working centre space formation proved their compliance with the main principles of flexible office design – smart space architecture, functional adequacy and ergonomic perfection of the furniture, inclusiveness, acoustics, air conditioning, natural components, maintaining the possibility of changing lighting level, colouring scheme aimed at maintaining and enhancing attention and ability to work.
 It is found that although the main planning type in the co-working centre is universal, combining open and cubicle types, their design suggests adherence to the concept of a flexible office.
 The key elements of flexible office design have a huge impact on the working atmosphere of the co-working center and are used by designers to support efficient work. Main design solutions to optimize the co-working center space in line with the flexible office philosophy, which includes adaptation to the residents’ needs and establishing communications, are the main driving force behind the workflow.
 The concept of the flexible office in the context of the specifics of a co-working center supports the trend towards the transformation of activities and behavior, provides the resident with the space that best meets his needs and the ability to choose where he wants to work and/or rest at any moment.
 The co-working center design forms a unique communicative space for inspiration, creativity, and reflection by creating interiors that inspire and reflect the visual trends of the socio-cultural space of the beginning of the 21st century. Stimulation of creative and cognitive work patterns following the main trends of the flexible office concept contributes to increased work capacity.
 The subject-spatial environment of the flexible office creates a characteristic emotional state and intensifies communication in the co-working center, becoming one of the factors in mobilizing the creative process and enabling residents to make bold professional decisions.

Green Office Concept: Study Among Employees in Government Organizations

The green office can serve as an effective showcase of sustainability initiatives by the organization. Considering the increase in environmental issues in Malaysia, therefore this study examined the employees’ perceptions of the green office concept. This study focuses on four dimensions of the “green office” concept which are sustainable transportation, recycling, resource conservation, and eco-labelling. The data comprised responses from 97 employees from the government office indicated the highest level of agreement of all green office dimensions. The study outcomes may serve as a reference for fostering the green office to achieve the environmental sustainability of the organization. The green office can serve as an effective showcase of sustainability initiatives by the organization. Considering the increase in environmental issues in Malaysia, therefore this study examined the employees’ perceptions of the green office concept. This study focuses on four dimensions of the “green office” concept which are sustainable transportation, recycling, resource conservation, and eco-labelling. The data comprised responses from 97 employees from the government office indicated the highest level of agreement of all green office dimensions. The study outcomes may serve as a reference for fostering the green office to achieve the environmental sustainability of the organization.

Designing sustainable office spaces – how to combine workspace characteristics with sufficiency strategies

Contemporary workspace and office concepts are part of many major commercial real estate projects and have been continuously developed over many years. With a rising awareness for sustainable development, workspace and office concepts are increasingly being considered in terms of their environmental performance. Sustainable design strategies therefore traditionally differentiate between efficiency, consistency, and sufficiency, whereas the latter approach is the least explored in the construction industry. Sufficiency can be described by a user behaviour characterized by frugality and modesty, as opposed to wasteful consumption. Moreover, the strategy of sufficiency is linked to a high and critical awareness of using natural resources and environmental impacts which also affects the built environment. The aim of this paper is therefore to combine these two subject areas in a structured way and derive potentials for the sufficient development of office concepts.Based on a literature review in the field of workspace design and flexible workplace management, design features of office spaces are conceived and compiled according to planning aspects in office concepts based on employee needs. Another literature review in the field of sufficiency in the building sector provides the corresponding structure for the considered sufficiency strategies. Sufficiency measures follow recurring principles for the reduction of resource consumption. Essential principles of impact are identified and presented in this paper. The investigated topic areas are compiled together in a logical model based on a developed mapping framework. This forms the basis for defining sufficient measures that can be derived to sufficiency strategies in the project development of office buildings. The basis of all measures is to strive for a minimum level of resource consumption that is necessary to satisfy the needs of the users and that is considered valuable by them, following the basic idea of the sufficiency approach. The results are validated using an office building in the planning stage. The paper leads to a common understanding and structuring of design features of future office spaces and their environmental impact. Furthermore, the approach provides guidance for concepts on how design features can be considered regarding sufficiency strategies.

The Phenomenon of Near-home Office and the Supported Space: Evidence from Shenzhen’s Employees

At present, working near home has gradually become prominent. This paper uses a fieldwork approach to investigate the characteristics and motivations of near-home office, and introduce and evaluates the support of near-home office space in Shenzhen. Commonly, the near-home office workers have three behavioral characteristics; Activating in the community; Working flexibly; and Blending life with work. With the development of the office concept and mobile information technology, more people choose and prefer near-home office, especially during the COVID-19 pandemic. The near-home office space provides working environment and services; however, the near-home office space needs to be improved. This study indicates that near-home office may play an important role in the future, therefore more studies are required in the future focusing on this aspect.

Design of home office residence in the post-Covid-19 Era

Recently, due to the impact of the COVID-19, in order to prevent the spread, most people need to stay at home for isolation and cannot go to work. At this time, many companies choose to let employees work at home. In the future, there will be more and more home office people. Starting with the background of home office, the research status of home office at home and abroad, and the concept of home office, this paper carries out a series of studies to explore the design of modern home office residential space. Through practice and design cases, it makes it meet the reasonable and compatible needs of home office, makes a conclusion, and prospects the development trend of home office in the future.

What is a smart office environment? An exploratory study from a user perspective

PurposeThis paper aims to explore the meaning of smart office environments from a user perspective by investigating user preferences and expectations.Design/methodology/approachEleven semi-structured interviews with the users after moving into a smart office building of a Dutch Municipality and an observation as complementary data were conducted. The data were analysed based on the grounded theory and thematic analysis, combining a reflexive approach to the literature review.FindingsTwo main themes were revealed addressing user expectations and preferences for smart office environments: “enhanced interaction” with the social and physical office environment and “sense-making” of the smart concept (or smartness). Within these themes, basic and smart office aspects were identified and classified based on their association with smart office concepts or technology.Practical implicationsThe findings reveal the meaning of the smart office concepts from a user perspective by highlighting the importance of user experience on enhanced interaction and sense-making of the smart office concept, equipped with basic and smart aspects.Originality/valueTo the best of the authors’ knowledge, this study is the first to qualitatively examine drivers underlying the meaning of smart office concepts from a user point of view. Organisations, environmental psychologists, designers and managers can use the findings of this study to develop guidelines for a successful smart office design.

Penerapan Green Office pada Kementrian Kesehatan Republik Indonesia

This qualitative research intended to acknowledge the application of “green office concept” at Housekeeping Department of Ministry of Health of Indonesia. The researcher captured the data from the research field factually. Data gathered from the responsible staffs purposively, data collection methods used were moderate participant observation, indepth interview, and document analysis. The data validated by technique triangulation and resource triangulation.The qualitative research resultshowed that (1) the staffs have moderate commitment for “green office”behavior. As showed by the paper saving, electricity saving, water saving, waste management, greening, cleanliness, and room’s air conditioning; (2) Eco – friendly office technology applied by using information technology system as electronic mail, electronic filling system and web based communication group.(3) The office physical building design suitable for naturally lighting design with lights’ placement grouping system, and also considers building green coefficient.(4) Vehicle cleaning and watering trees with condensed water were prohibited.(5) Office materials selected to minimize the use of papers and tissues. (6) Air conservation system applied by using centralized Air Conditioning System with average degree 24 – 25 celcius. (7) Airhumidity about 55% with no smoking rule. (8) Electric saving lights used by grouping system and also there was motion sensor lights at the bathroom; (9) flush the plant with Air Conditioning condensed water.

“Work on the Move”: Rethinking Taxation of Labour Income under Tax Treaties

Labour, in all its dimensions, has been “on the move” in the last few years. Before the pandemic, labour mobility has mostly interested only a fraction of the working population, such as highly skilled and high-net-worth individuals. COVID-19 has, however, expanded the extent of labour mobility and the categories of workers involved. This contribution discusses four major changes in labour patterns: (i) home office work; (ii) non-standard forms of employment; (iii) digital nomadism; and (iv) the decentralization of jobs. In particular, the article illustrates how a “work-from-anywhere” scenario may impact the taxation of labour income under tax treaties. Using mainly the OECD Model as a reference, the article discusses difficulties related to the application of physical presence as a sourcing rule for employment income, the distinction between dependent and self-employment income, and the concepts of home office and fixed base. Based on the analysis provided, the author formulates tentative proposals for reforming the current tax treaty treatment of labour income. Specific recommendations include the introduction of a new article jointly dealing with the taxation of labour income, a reviewed scope of application of the physical presence criterion and tax treaty definitions of home office and fixed base.

Performance Analysis on Multiple Device Connections of Small Office Home Office Network

Malaysia has been supported by one of the high-speed fiber internet connections called TM UniFi. TM UniFi is very familiar to be used as a medium to apply Small Office Home Office (SOHO) concept due to the COVID-19 pandemic. Most of the communication vendors offer varieties of network services to fulfill customers' needs and satisfaction during the pandemic. Quality of Services is queried by most users by the fact of increased on users from time to time. Therefore, it is crucial to know the network performance contrary to the number of devices connected to the TM UniFi network. The main objective of this research is to analyze TM UniFi performance with the impact of multiple device connections or users' services. The study was conducted to analyze the QoS on its traffic, packets transfer, RTT, latency, and throughput. Wireshark simulation program has been used as a network traffic capture where PCAP files have been analyzed by using PCAP Analyzer for Splunk. Traffic filtering has been enabled to capture selected traffic to measure network performance. The result shows that better network performance can be achieved if a smaller number of devices are connected at the same time. The percentage of packet loss, RTT, latency is increased when more users connected at the same time. The throughput also shows a decrease for multi-device connections. Based on the analysis it can be concluded that TM UniFi still can provide good network services for the SOHO network environment and sufficient bandwidth despite the rapid user growth in Malaysia.

The perspective of coworking offices in the context of the small business development

Basing on the experience of countries where coworking is developing dynamically, the study assesses the development prospects of coworking in Poland. It identified the opportunities and threats as well as strengths and weaknesses of this form of approaching office space in the conditions of the Polish real estate market. SWOT analysis is used as a methodology to capture the advantages of new concept of business office. To this end, statistical and econometric tools were used. The study revealed strong entrepreneurs' attachment to the ownership of office buildings used for their own purposes and the correlation between the number of coworking facilities and the number of small companies, especially in the service sector. The advantages and disadvantages of coworking offices were also pointed out, in the context of the expectations of modern lessees. The opinions of women and men about the features typical of coworking offices vary considerably, which also may be a subject for further research. The existing surveys from the local market were also referred to, which may serve as a premise for further studies. This requires a global research to capture the change and its implication on real estate market in Poland and its impact on office market. The study recommendation is to celebrate and entrepreneurial activity and introduce entrepreneurial studies at schools to influence a positive change. Research indicates that the working culture is changing, which are reflected in the use of office space, and that after a period of social distancing the approach to shaping social relationships within office work will change as well. The research might therefore assist in revealing further “understanding” forms of interactions and mechanisms of decisions about best form of office space. The study findings fill the research gap in the field of office space sharing. They are also an important indication for potential investors who are looking for new investment areas in the times of pandemic. Moreover, the analyses results will allow lessees of traditional office space to consider alternative solutions for the future while seeking to improve their business situation after restrictions imposed in 2020. In this study, has enabled new insights into the coworking office and social role this form of work, which capture the behavioral and cultural factors.

Threats Hidden in Office Network: Mechanism of Credential Harvesting for Lateral Movement

With the advent of the Internet of Things (IoT) era, the concept of smart office has gradually come true. To facilitate the management, IoT devices often follow authentication mechanisms as windows domain used, which would cause severe problems once hackers steal those credentials. This study analyzes the restriction of previous research and proposes a new technique that could cause credential leaks and organizes an attack mechanism to evaluate the most suitable strategy in various scenarios.

Switching behaviour in activity-based working environments: an exploration of the reasons and influencing factors

PurposeA tendency that employees do not frequently switch between different activity settings was reported in previous studies, which are opposed to underlying assumptions of activity-based working (ABW) offices. Although ABW is increasingly becoming a standard office concept, employees’ switching behaviour has not been studied in depth. This study aims to understand employees’ switching behaviour by identifying reasons (not) to switch and various influencing factors of switching behaviour.Design/methodology/approachAn online survey was conducted across Switzerland and Belgium, and 124 respondents participated in the questionnaire. The mismatch model was developed to examine whether the misfit between either activity or preference and work environment leads to switching to another place in the office.FindingsResults show that most of the respondents switch multiple times a day, which runs counter to the previous studies. Furthermore, this study presented clear evidence that mandatory switching frequency is independent of various factors presented in the study, indicating that the distinction between mandatory and voluntary switching is valid. Besides, results identified privacy, acoustics, distraction, proximity to team/colleagues as reasons to switch and as reasons not to switch, place preference/attachment, proximity to the team were determined.Originality/valueThis study contributed to better understanding switching behaviour by defining, distinguishing switching behaviour, identifying reasons (not) to switch and influencing factors of switching frequency. In addition, this study compared the misfit between activity and environment and the misfit between preference and environment as push factors leading to switching behaviour. These findings can provide more knowledge of switching behaviour to workplace or facility management practitioners.

Real-Time Office Seat Allocation System using Spring MVC framework

Real-time Seat Allocation System is a web application that assists employees and employers in handling modern-day seating issues at work. Currently, seats are assigned to employees manually, which is a time-consuming process. This might cause issues if seats were not assigned or if none were available for some employees. Furthermore, during pandemics, social distance rules must be followed, making it difficult to manage the workforce. The proportion of individuals allowed in the workplace must adhere properly. As the firm grows, so does the number of employees, which necessitates the expansion of infrastructure, which costs money and time. These issues can be addressed to some extent by a shared office concept, in which employees have access to a desk and can work as needed. This article presents a responsive web application through which company employees can registerusingtheircompanyIDandreserveaseatifoneisavailableonaspecified day and time. Admins can add or remove offices, floors, and seats with certain permissions. To implement the business logic, the application uses Java, Spring MVC web framework with Tomcat server, renders the views using Java Server Pages, and uses front-end technologies like HTML, CSS, and JavaScript for the front-end design of the User Interface. The web application built promotes the concept of using a shared workspace to maximize resource use. It also aids in increasing employee productivity by providing them with workplace seating and schedule flexibility.

The king’s two bodies and the Crown a corporation sole: historical dualities in English legal thinking

ABSTRACT As Kantorowicz acknowledged in his seminal work on the theological groundings of medieval political theory, the legal doctrine of the king’s two bodies was not a medieval legal doctrine but an Elizabethan one. It was developed by Plowden, an English jurist, in the second half of the sixteenth century. With Plowden’s theory of the king’s two bodies – one natural and the other politic – the medieval notion of the Crown as a corporation aggregate of many was progressively abandoned. The king’s body politic was instead confused with the concept of office of kingship, which could only vest in the king. Building on Plowden’s doctrine, Coke wrote of the king’s body politic in the early seventeenth century that it was a corporation sole. With time, the Crown conceived as a corporation sole and as a corporation aggregate understood as the government became an important feature of English legal thought. The Crown as a corporation aggregate – comprising the whole realm – is more apt to reflect the constitutional arrangement reached after the Glorious Revolution, characterised by the sovereignty of Parliament and, later, responsible government.

THE FACTORS IN INFLUENCING THE SUCCESS OF A VIRTUAL OFFICE IN CIVIL ENGINEERING DESIGN INDUSTRY IN SINGAPORE

Virtual offices are becoming increasingly popular in wide range of industries which comes by virtue of its various economic benefits and increased accessibility to the marketplaces. Virtual offices are eliminating the space and time constraints making it possible to work anytime from anywhere. Alongside, it is also helping the environment in multiple ways by cutting down the transportation need, reducing energy wastages. However, virtual office concept is very new to civil engineering design industry in Singapore. This specific industry is depending almost entirely on the traditional office culture where human resource management problems persist typically. Highly competitive working culture in Singapore demands qualified employees and an effective output delivery, keeping the cost incurrence as less as possible to thrive in a business. There is not much research done in the past to build successful virtual office models in Civil engineering design industry in Singapore. This study examines the factors influencing the success of a virtual office in this industry in Singapore. It can be concluded that it is always good to have physically located staffs. Virtual office in civil engineering industry must be present partially which could bring economic and administrative profits.

The Influence of the Sound Absorber Application to the Acoustics Conditions and the Thermal Transfer Value of the Building Envelope in Open Plan Office

In open plan office concept, the acoustical distraction problems have become a common problem. Besides, it also needs to deal with thermal issues to have a comfortable work environment. Since the concern of sustainable design is highly discussed, design solutions need to consider energy-saving and environmental health. Commonly sound absorber materials are used to improve acoustics quality. To increase the absorptance, the absorber is installed with air gap and filled with additional insulation e.g. mineral wool. These extra layers potentially give benefit to reduce the thermal transfer when being applied on the envelope walls and ceilings. It is because some of the sound absorber material, air gap, and mineral wool have a low thermal conductivity resulting in lower thermal transfer. This research observes the influences of various sound absorber applications on the acoustics condition and also the impact on the overall thermal transfer value (OTTV and RTTV). The thermal transfer calculation refers to Indonesia National Standard SNI-03-6389-2000, while the rooms acoustics is simulated with Software CATT Acoustics v9 referring to BS EN ISO 3382-3:2012. Absorber materials that been involved are wood wool and PET panel. The result shows that wood wool that applied with 30 mm air gap and additional insulation have reduced the OTTV and RTTV of the room envelope. The initial room condition with Reverberation Time 3.71 second has been reduced to 0.48 second, while OTTV and RTTV are reduced from 48.65 W/m2 and 37.38 W/m2 become 44.24 W/m2 and 14.27 W/m2 respectively.

The phases of user experience during relocation to a smart office building: A qualitative case study

Smart office concepts became popular in recent decades, and organisations adopt this concept with expected benefits on users. Yet, it is unclear how users experience the relocation process to a smart office environment. This study examines user experiences during such relocation by focusing on their behaviour and satisfaction. Eleven semi-structured interviews were conducted with users after relocation to a smart office building of a Dutch Municipality. The data were analysed based on grounded theory and thematic analysis. The results reveal that the process of experiencing a smart office environment consisted of four phases: pre-relocation phase, confrontational phase, progressive phase, and stabilised phase. Each participant experienced the process differently as four different trend lines emerged related to their interpreted emotional responses throughout this process. This study concludes by advocating that the understanding of user behaviour in each phase is crucial to enhance user satisfaction when moving into a smart office. The phases further highlight the importance of understanding user expectations, and the relationships between users and workplaces before and after the relocation.

Attorney and President Relationship in Independent Aspects of the Indonesian State System after Reform

The Attorney General's Office has a central position and a strategic role in a constitutional state because the Attorney General's Office acts as a filter between the investigation process and the examination process at trial; The position in the sense of the position and function of the Prosecutor's Office is very vulnerable to the state administration system or the style of government adopted. After the reform, the Prosecutor's Office underwent several changes in the system used. The method used by the researcher in this research is normative juridical with a descriptive analysis approach in the perspective of comparative historical politics. The discussion in this study uses a comparative political approach. This research provides an overview of the ideal concept of the Attorney General's Office in the state administration system of the Republic of Indonesia by placing the Prosecutor's Office with an independent nature that supports its duties and authorities in the field of prosecution both in theory and in fact. This must be regulated clearly and firmly in the constitution.

RESTORATION OF THE INSTITUTION OF THE PRESIDENT AND HIS PLACE IN THE STRUCTURE OF STATE BODIES IN THE THIRD POLISH REPUBLIC

The restoration of the institution of the President on the basis of an amendment to the Constitution in April 1989 was associated with political reforms agreed upon by politicians during the Round Table, which for three years led to the emergence of a democratic political system in Poland. The president had to replace the Council of State, so to some extent he symbolized the political changes of the time. The presidency was established as an institution that guaranteed and regulated the evolutionary transformations from communist dictatorship to parliamentary democracy. The president's office was to replace the leading role of the Polish United Workers' Party in the state and was seen as a kind of "brake" for the overly radical actions of the parliament in which the opposition found its place. The presidency was introduced as an institution that guarantees and regulates evolutionary transformations from the communist dictatorship to parliamentary democracy. The President's office had to replace the leadership role of the Polish united labor party in the state and was perceived as a kind of "brake" for excessively radical actions of the parliament, in which the opposition found its place. The small constitution of 1992 put the president's office in a clearer constitutional framework. However, there was no holistic concept of the presidency, separate normative acts came out of various management models. Moreover, inaccuracies and uncertainty of many formulations have created the of various interpretations and methods of application. The challenge of the head of state was one of the most important problems with which the authors of the latest Constitution of the Republic of Poland in 1997. The finally adopted concept of the presidential office was the result of a long analysis of constitutional projects, which often interpreted the President Institute completely in different ways. Therefore, the President who guarantees the sovereignty and safety of the state, is a body that cooperates in this case with the Parliament and the Government. On the other hand, the President is a reserve force, if the Parliament and the Government will not be able to implement a policy that provides national security.