Concept Of Need Research Articles

Health Economics in Home Based Newborn Care

The current article deals with the stage of life in the first month of a baby. As it is critical & evident, the first stage of life is critical as the child is highly risky not only to morbidity but also to mortality. It is an incremental risk that decreases with the passage of time in the first month of life. This decrease can be achieved at a very low cost & that too at home without support of any skilled health provider. The article discusses these risks in the past at the global level & at the national level. It uses the mortality indicator to assess the risks of the newborn. Further, it establishes the concept of health economics through the low cost involved to deal with these risks at the household level. A direct relationship is established between the mortality indicator & the low cost involved. A newborn struggle in the first month of his or her life as is evident from mythology that Lord Krishna too had a turbulent neonatal stage. The struggle of newborns continues in India even today. The current Neonatal Mortality Rate in India is 20 per 1000 live births as per SRS & 24.9 as per NFHS 5. The high neonatal mortality in India stands as a testimony to this fact as reducing this indicator is a priority. The current article focuses on the initiatives of the role of health economics in public health system to address neonatal mortality. Basically, there are two approaches to reduce neonatal mortality. These are Home Based Neonatal Care (HBNC) practices and the Facility Based Neonatal Care (FBNC) practices. The article focuses exclusively on the first approach which is HBNC & sees the role of health economics in this approach. The article cites the history of health economics in India & the concept of need, supply & demand aspects of health services. Following that, the article sees the HBNC approach in health economics & the process to upscale the approach to reduce NMR & thereby IMR thus fulfilling the developmental objectives of the nation. .................

Başarma İhtiyacının Kavramsal ve Kuramsal Açıdan Değerlendirilmesi

The need for achievement refers to the needs of an individual for achievement in all areas of his life. So the need to accomplish a task can be defined as the desire to be better than others or the desire to be better in one's competition with oneself. In the literature, the concept of need for achievement, which is mostly examined while revealing the characteristics of entrepreneurship, is considered in the framework of content theories, which is one of the basic motivation theories. In this respect, McClelland's Need for Achievement Theory is the most used theory while drawing the theoretical infrastructure of the need for achievement. In addition to this, other content theories also included the concept of the need to achieve in their models. In this direction, the aim of the study is to present a different perspective by evaluating the concept of need for achievement, which is commonly associated with entrepreneurial personality traits in the literature. In the study, first of all, previous studies in the literature on the need for achievement were evaluated conceptually and theoretically, and then the need for achievement was evaluated in terms of the employee. As a result of the literature review, it was concluded that the need for achievement is an important parameter for both individual performance and organizational commitment, as well as business performance, in addition to being an entrepreneurial personality trait. Keywords: Motivation theories, scope theories, need to achieve

Motivational differences in need for smell

PurposeThis research aims to examine the conditions under which individuals’ olfaction is actively engaged in purchase decisions. Consequently, it introduces the concept of need for smell (NFS) to measure differential motivation for the extraction and use of odor information in buying contexts. A ten-item NFS scale was developed that consists of hedonic and utilitarian dimensions.Design/methodology/approachThe scale’s dimensionality and construct validity were examined in five studies. The moderating role of NFS and the mediating role of emotions in the relationship between odor perception and consumer responses were examined. The data were analyzed using confirmatory factor analyses and customized PROCESS models.FindingsThe results show that NFS is a two-dimensional construct. The results further support the scale’s internal structure as well as its reliability, convergent, discriminant and nomological validity. NFS moderates the relationship between odor perception and consumer responses, and emotions mediate this relationship. While hedonic NFS strengthens the impact of odor perception on consumer responses, utilitarian NFS weakens this effect.Research limitations/implicationsThe present research extends Krishna’s sensory marketing framework, De Luca and Botelho’s scent research framework and Herz et al.’s scent benefits framework, by introducing the concept of NFS into these frameworks. The study demonstrates the relevance and functionality of NFS construct and NFS scale. The study extends the consumer scent research by introducing NFS and illustrating the interplay of odor perception and NFS on consumer responses to scent stimuli.Practical implicationsThe NFS scale used in this study adds to the genre of individual difference scales such as need for cognition and need for touch. Given its smell-specific focus, it has applications in a range of consumption contexts. Using NFS, marketers could effectively identify low and high hedonic and utilitarian NFS consumers and position product or ambient scents to serve these segments better. The NFS scale also has implications for the areas of product and service design and development, consumer information search, brand judgments and choice preferences in both scented and non-scented environments.Originality/valueThis work is one of the first attempts, to the best of the authors’ knowledge, to explain motivational differences in active engagement of olfaction, especially in purchase decisions. As a critical step in exploring olfactory information processing, the study demonstrates the relevance and functionality of NFS construct and NFS scale. The study extends the consumer scent research by introducing NFS and illustrating the interplay of odor perception and NFS on consumer responses to scent stimuli.

Conceptualizing Care in Partnering

Dance, as a mode of physical interaction, offers opportunities to care and be cared for, but this does not mean that dancers will, in fact, care. There may be no moral motivation underlying a lift, dip or intricate sequence of coordinated action. Choreographic scores may (knowingly or not) encourage merely perfunctory movements that are a poor simulacrum to care. Moreover, the caring that is expressed through dance need not transfer to other walks of life. I am not alone in knowing spectacularly talented dancers whose behaviour off the dance floor is far from ethical – from the arrogant and petty to the flagrant abuse that plagues institutions of art and culture. This article considers how dance can illuminate both the acts and sentiments of care, conveying particular ethical orientations that trouble straightforward, absolute moral reasoning. The article frames an enquiry into the relation between ethics and aesthetics of care, drawn from feminist epistemologists Joan Tronto, Maurice Hamington, and Nel Noddings, as well as my own performance research on partnering. I frame a zone between technique and competence, foregrounding care in dance as both a technical and ethical issue. I will consider the necessary conditions by which dancing together can manifest care, rather than suggest blanketly that it always does or even that it should. To make this argument, I will describe and analyse Considered Care, a duet I created in the autumn of 2021 in collaboration with Boston Ballet. This performance research project provided the material from which to consider the concept of need, a condition of care in a dancing situation. I will conclude by considering the relationship between needs and trust in conceptualizing care within partnering.

True Need in Kant

Abstract A number of influential Kantian philosophers assume that true need (wahres Bedürfniß) represents shared and fundamental human concerns that can both ground duties of aid and limit how much an agent can be morally required to do for others. In this paper, I take on this misreading and argue that true need is representative of personal priorities. This subjectivist reading fits better with Kant’s own characterization of true need and with his conceptions of need and happiness. Moreover, I argue that Kant’s own conception of true need is philosophically appealing, as it is anti-paternalistic. Agents are free to determine their own true need. This frees Kant from the challenge of coming up with a list of true human needs that are supposedly stable across cultures, epochs and individuals. Furthermore, my reading also implies that the mere fact that someone else considers something their true need does not necessitate our help.

Modeling Health Workforce Planning in Specialties and Subspecialties: A Need-Adjusted Demand Model

Background: Need and demand modeling is one of the conceptual approaches of health workforce planning. In many models of this field, “need” is not considered. Each country should model according to its context. Objectives: The present study aimed to design a need adjusted with demand model of the health workforce in the fields of specialties and subspecialties. Methods: Walker and Avant’s synthesis theory method was used for modeling in this study. The concepts of need and demand were chosen as the focal concepts. In addition, to find the components related to the concepts and the relationships between these components, the result of a previous systematic review and a supplementary study of viewpoints of research teams were used. In the last step, the graphic form of the model was presented. Results: The need-adjusted demand model was presented in this study. In this model, the types of flows were headcounts. Actual need, willingness, and ability to use health services were considered. Finally, the number of full-time equivalents of physicians was estimated. Conclusions: In this model, a series of main components that are headcounts and a series of influential factors that affect the main factors through rates were considered.

English

In our world where unlimited human needs are tried to be met with limited resources, the effort to use resources in the most effective way is the reason for the existence of economics. The aim of this research is to examine the awareness of the concepts and topics that are planned to be taught to the 4th grade students’ social studies curriculum and to make some suggestions. The study group of the research consists of 99 students studying in two primary schools in the Atakum district center of Samsun province in the 2020-2021 academic year. In the research, one of the purposeful sampling methods was used as a measurement tool. The data were analyzed by descriptive analysis. As a result of the research, it has been determined that the majority of the students have sufficient awareness of the concepts of need, benefit, goods, production, consumption, savings and waste, but their awareness of the concepts of budget, cost, economic activity, balancing the budget is not sufficient. It has been revealed that the students are aware of the production activities in their regions, but they are little aware of the production stages, the contribution of production to the economy, the growing conditions of the products and the difficulties in growing the products, and the income from the products. In addition, it was understood that the majority of the students had a good level of awareness about conscious consumer, thrift, expiry date, receipt and invoice, but low awareness of TSE, CE and ISO as well as what to do after shopping. On the other hand, it was determined that the majority of the students had a low level of awareness about the income-expenditure status of the family, but had a good level of awareness about the contribution to the family economy. In addition, the majority of the students stated that they contributed to the country's economy by not wasting and not acting extravagantly.   Key words: Awareness, family, family economy, country, student.

Conceptualization of client ‘needs’ in architectural theory and practice

The article aims to discuss the ambiguity of the need concept in architecture, and reasons for the existence of several strategies for dealing with need as an ontological and epistemological basis for architectural design. The paper systematizes the conceptualizations of need in architecture, provides a comparative analysis of its various interpretations and explains the differences between ideological, philosophical and theoretical viewpoints. A variety of meanings are analyzed using the author?s concept of ?paradigms of socio-architectural knowledge?. Five platforms of social knowledge can be distinguished in architectural theory, each of which relies on its own understanding of human beings and sees the content of human existence in its own way. Considered through the prism of the paradigms, different visions of the concept of need find their logical and methodological explanation. Each paradigm gives its own answer to who or what is the bearer and exponent of the need, and procedures for identifying needs in design. The paper presents ?stairs of needs? as a metaphor, ordering the range of possible actions of the architect in relation to the needs of the client - from obstruction and conscious deformation to satisfaction and phenomenological embodiment.

Concepts of Need for Male Contraception Related to Drug Administration

Concepts of Need for Male Contraception Related to Drug Administration

Accessibilità e inclusione. Tradurre il visibile attraverso pratiche didattiche plurisensoriali

Starting from the assumption that inclusivity is no longer bound to the concept of need , this article explores the theme of accessibility in the educational context for students with visual disabilities. Since they impact on children’s modes of perception, communication, socialization, access and processing of knowledge, sensory disabilities pose a major challenge to the rethinking of language, time, and space of didactic actions. Despite all that, as a human right, inclusion has been at the core of a variety of studies in the field of didactics, which, in line with the paradigm of Universal Design (UD), have promoted the idea that an inclusive educational environment must be designed with accessibility in mind. This article offers an overview of the process of designing inclusive educational contexts, both inside and outside the classroom.

Customer Satisfaction From The Services of Retailing Markets: A Model Proposal With Multiple Logistic Regression

As time passes, purchasing habits of consumers have been changing constantly. Consumption has become a phenomenon that turned into madness due to the acceleration of aggressive sales enhancing efforts based on fierce competition and to the fact that consumers confuse the concepts of need and desire. Confronting the consumers with easily reachable products and broad distribution channels, markets are vital institutions for people. The first aim of this study is to determine the factors increasing and decreasing customer satisfaction. The second aim is to determine whether there is a meaningful correlation between markets and demographic elements. To this end, perceptions of 407 consumers in Diyarbakir who were chosen by convenience sampling method were measured by face-to-face questions. Then their answers were subjected to frequency analysis and chi-square test. In addition, multiple logistic regression analysis has been utilized to see the model. As a result of the study, meaningful differences have been found between consumers’ gender and marital status according to the markets they choose to shop. For the proposed model, gender of the customer, gender of the cashier, convenience of entering and exiting the market and satisfaction from hygiene of the market have become prominent variables increasing the satisfaction from retailing.

Reconceptualising Homelessness Legislation in England

AbstractThis article has two central aims. First, it problematises the long‐held consensus that homelessness legislation in England operates according to the concept of need and, secondly, it advances an alternative reading and reconceptualisation of homelessness legislation according to the notion of risk. Through examination of the two major sources of current homelessness law, the Housing Act 1996 and the recently enacted Homelessness Reduction Act 2017, this article locates and explores how risk is operationalised, the precise conceptions of risk engaged and the implications and potentiality of this risk reconceptualisation. In so doing, it is argued that risk exhibits a stronger explanatory power of the current homelessness legislation than need and presents opportunities for how we understand local authority decision‐making and the shape of future reform.

KİŞİLİK ÖZELLİKLERİ, DUYGUSAL DIŞAVURUM VE SOSYAL ONAY İHTİYACI KAVRAMLARI ÜZERİNE BİR DERLEME

Bu çalışmada kişilik özellikleri, duygusal dışavurum ve sosyal onay ihtiyacı ile ilgili derleme çalışması yapılmıştır. Kişilik özellikleri konusunun tarihsel olarak gelişimine katkıda bulunan kuramcılardan; Gordon Allport, Henry Murray, Raymond Cattel ve Hans J. Eysenck’in görüşleri ele alınmıştır. Aynı zamanda Robert R. McCrae ve Paul T. Costa’nın Beş Faktör Modeli de incelenmiştir. Beş Faktör Modeli’nin faktörleriyle ilgili katkısı bulunan araştırmacıların çalışmalarına yer verilmiş ve faktörlerin açıklamaları yapılmıştır. Diğer yandan bazı faktörler konusunda görüş ayrılıklarının olduğu da ortaya koyulmuştur. Yine bu çalışmada duygusal dışavurum kavramı açıklanmış, duygusal dışavurum konusunda bireysel farklılıklara değinilmiştir. Bu konuda yapılan bazı çalışmalara da yer verilmiştir. Çalışmada sosyal onay ihtiyacı kavramı açıklanmış, bu konuda farklı kavram kullanan araştırmacıların görüşleri ele alınmıştır. Sosyal onay ihtiyacı ile ilgili yapılan bazı çalışmalara da yer verilmiştir.

Responsible Leadership at a Time of Crisis: Implementing Distributive Justice Amidst the COVID-19 Pandemic

The COVID-19 pandemic has created monumental business challenges for both leaders and employees. Companies across the world are experiencing contractions in sales and production due to disruptions in the functioning of global supply chains, and global travel restrictions have curtailed economic activities. The current study analyze how firms in Hong Kong and the Peoples Republic of China (PRC) have been making human resources decisions during the COVID-19 crisis. Drawing on semi-structured interviews with eight firms operating in Hong Kong and PRC, this study also explore the possibility that the current crisis may have invoked changes in conceptions of need, fairness and responsibility within our focal firms.

The intersubjective ontology of need in Carl Menger

AbstractAs I have argued elsewhere, there is no room for the concept of need in the prevailing neoclassical school of economics—without reducing the need to a purely subjective construct. Not so, however, both in classical political economy and in the contemporary heterodox schools of economics. The main aim of this paper is, firstly, to show the existence of the concept of need as such in Carl Menger—widely acknowledged as one of the fathers of modern economics; and secondly, to trace the concept’s erasure in the orthodox school along with its rediscovery in the heterodox schools. With this exposition on the history of the idea, I hope to demonstrate how taking the concept seriously would urge us to engage ontological research and would mandate a significant change in economic analysis, regardless of whether this change is considered to reside within the orthodox tradition or be deemed a departure to heterodoxy.

Conceptualising Capabilities and Dimensions of Advantage as Needs

Amartya Sen’s critique of the concept of need and his case for the superiority of capability as a measure of advantage have been highly influential. However, Sen perpetuates a caricature. Needs are not necessarily mere instrumental resource requirements achieving ends; the valuable ends of people’s lives can themselves constitute needs, as can freedoms. Indeed, these ideas are already present in basic needs theory. Moreover, official disavowals notwithstanding, expansive notions of need are implicitly present in certain important theories of capabilities and other advantages. Objections to need can be undermined in part by showing how this is the case. Aversion to need is unfortunate, because the concept offers powerful theoretical resources that could be better exploited if negative preconceptions were overcome and need were explicitly embraced. However, this proposal is friendly. It is not that need should replace, but that it can augment, other concepts. Drawing on need may assist with: selecting important capabilities or dimensions of advantage; marking a distinction of seriousness between these and relatively trivial advantages (and buttressing claims to the ethical or political priority of the former); explaining the incommensurability/non-substitutability of certain capabilities and dimensions of advantage, and; defining notions of sufficiency.

Forbonnais’s and Graslin’s Attempted Explanations of ‘the Diamond-Water Paradox’ before Adam Smith

This paper discusses F. V. D. de Forbonnais’s and J.-J.-L. Graslin’s value theories and examines their explanations of ‘the diamond-water paradox’. They criticized the physiocrat’s conceptual distinction between ‘productiveness’ and ‘sterility’ and discussed each theory of value. Forbonnais explained ‘the diamond-water paradox’ according to the assumption that ‘the natural order’ normally governed value of different goods based on essential utility for our existence. The capriciousness of the rich tends to weaken the function of the natural order. This behaviour is the cause of the high value of diamonds independently from the essential utility. Thus, Forbonnais emphasized the natural order and utility; nevertheless, Graslin’s explanation of the paradox was founded on the concepts of need, utility and scarcity from a subjective point of view, which has clear links to the marginalist revolution in the 1870s. Graslin provided a detailed explanation of the interaction between utility and scarcity, before Adam Smith’s distinction between what is called ‘value in use’ and ‘value in exchange’.

The notion of desire in Lévinas’ philosophy

This paper deals with the notion of desire in L?vinas? philosophy, with special attention to the question of its metaphysical character. By relying upon the early works of L?vinas as well, the author deconstructs the notion of desire by pointing at its contradictory relationship to the concept of needs. Attention is devoted to certain phenomenological interpretations (Husserl, Heidegger, Sartre, Michel Henry) and to the dialectical understanding of desire (Hegel) that enables us to seize the specificity of L?vinas? viewpoint. At the end of the paper the author discusses the possibility of an ethics of responsive desire within the phenomenology of alterity.

Müzik Öğretmen Adaylarının “Ses” Kavramına İlişkin Metaforları

The study aims to determine the pre-service music teachers' perceptions about the concept of voice through metaphors. The study group consisted of a total of 126 music teacher candidates studying in the education faculty of a state university in the region of Central Anatolia in the 2018-2019 academic year. 74 (59%) of the participants were female and 52 (41%) were male. The mean age was 20.6 (18-24). In this qualitative study, the participants were asked to complete the following sentence: “Voice is like … because….” The data were analysed by content analysis. The findings demonstrated that 126 pre-service teachers developed 65 metaphors. These metaphors fall into 8 categories. The following four of these categories represent approximately 68% of all metaphors: Voice as a concept of use, voice as a means, voice as a concept of need, and voice as a concept of diversity. The results of the research show that the students' perceptions of the term “voice” are generally positive and that metaphors can be used as a powerful research tool in revealing and explaining the perceptions of music teacher candidates about the concept of voice.

Inter-relações texto-imagem nas metáforas verbo-pictóricas em publicidade

A publicidade é um campo privilegiado para comprovar determinadas técnicas multimodais que ligam sobretudo o texto e a imagem. Nessa multimodalidade comunicativa, o funcionamento metafórico e metonímico constitui um subdomínio particularmente interessante, não apenas na sua dimensão linguística, mas igualmentea nível de eficiência comunicativa para com o consumidor, a meta final da publicidade. Neste texto procurar-se-á evidenciar como a dimensão multimodal da metáfora se pode ancorar na explicitação/subentendido quer da componente pictórica quer da textual, como isso se pode transformar em jogo desafiador de interpretações para o consumidor, e como o conceito de Necessidade de Cognição (Need For Cognition, ou NFC, no inglês) assenta bastante nos jogos metafórico-metonímicos que os anúncios publicitários podem conter.