Concept Of Modulation Research Articles

Thermo-optical liquid-crystal phase modulator for ultrafast optics, driven by neural network

We propose a new spatial light modulator (SLM) concept, relying on a local thermal modification of a thick liquid crystal layer, that is optically-induced through the absorption of a control beam. This innovative thermo-optically addressed SLM, coined TOA-SLM, has shown dynamic phase control capabilities over multi-octave light spectrum, as a promising candidate for spatial or temporal manipulation of ultrafast pulses. In addition to being ultra-broadband and programmable, such a device is low-cost, large-aperture and un-segmented with a high number of control points. The construction and training of a neural network-based statistical model provides configurable design of a prototype TOA-SLM. This step, together with the ultra-broadband acceptance of the device and its ability to introduce continuous and deep phase modulation over a large aperture, opens the way for ultrafast laser aberration compensation using this new technology.

Critical materials and PV cells interconnection

Assessment of the critical nature of a material for an application is a relevant notion to anticipate supply issues for an application and a territory. To establish a list of the critical materials, we have developed an approach taking into account geological scarcity, deployment logistics and societal aspects. This article aims to apply this framework to photovoltaic (PV) module interconnection. We draw the conclusion that even if concerns of critical materials are focused on Silver (Ag) scarcity (on metallization part), interconnection materials such as Tin (Sn) and Bismuth (Bi) are even more critical, mainly due to their mostly dispersive uses. This leads us to a standard module conception analysis and emphasizes the interest of improving a more modularized PV module architecture in order to improve high value recycling. An example of such a conception is given with NICE concept. Another example offering a way to optimize metallization conception toward a less consuming pattern is also described.

Closed-Small Submodules and Closed-hollow Modules.

The aim of this study is to present the concept of closed-small submodule and closed-hollow module as generalization of small and hollow concepts respectively. As evidence, attributes of these ideas. Moreover, we study the concept of the closed-Radical of as a generalization of Radical module .

High-Voltage Graphite//LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 Full Cell with Bis(fluorosulfonyl)Imide and bis(trifluoromethyl)Sulfonylimide Ionic Liquid Electrolytes

Room-temperature ionic liquids (ILs) are a promising type of lithium-ion battery (LIB) electrolyte owing to their wide electrochemical stability windows, high thermal stability, non-volatility, and environmental friendliness. Particularly, bis(fluorosulfonyl)imide (FSI−)-based ILs are appealing due to their high ionic conductivity, low viscosity, and excellent anode compatibility. Nevertheless, the strong corrosivity of FSI− toward the Al current collector at high operating potential is a major concern and needs to be addressed. Three strategies have been adopted in this work to overcome this limitation. The effects of IL composition on the electrochemical properties of the LiNi0.5Mn1.5O4 (LNMO) cathode and graphite anode are investigated. First, Li+ fractions are modulated in the N-propyl-N-methylpyrrolidinium−FSI (PMP−FSI) IL. We find that simply increasing the LiFSI concentration (even to 3.2 m) in the PMP−FSI IL electrolyte cannot effectively inhibit Al corrosion, leading to a low charge-discharge Coulombic efficiency (CE) of the LNMO electrode. Second, increasing the bis(trifluoromethyl)sulfonylimide (TFSI−)/FSI− molar ratio leads to a reduced rate capability of the LNMO cathode and a unsatisfactory compatibility with the graphite anode. Finally, we propose a Li+/TFSI−/FSI− modulation concept to optimize the IL electrolyte. The optimal 2.4 m LiTFSI/PMP−FSI IL electrolyte minimizes the corrosion current of the Al substrate at 5 V. Moreover, the relatively high Li+ and FSI− content ensures superior charge-discharge properties of both the LNMO and graphite electrodes. A high reversible capacity of approximately 135 mAh g–1 at 0.1 C based on LNMO is verified for a graphite//LNMO full cell. This cell is able to retain ~85% of its initial capacity after 200 cycles. The obtained experimental results can guide the development of IL electrolytes for high-reliability LIBs.

Developing an education support system for disaster management through an ethnoscience-based digital disaster learning module

Using evidence of the Mount Semeru eruption in 2021 shows the importance of community preparedness knowledge from an early age. This study aims to develop an ethnoscience-based digital module to improve the disaster preparedness of elementary school students around Mount Semeru. This is a development research using the stages of the ADDIE model. The procedure consists of five steps: Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation, and Evaluation (ADDIE). The stages start from needs analysis, designing instruments and module concepts, developing and testing the feasibility of module, implementing and testing the effectiveness of modules, and the last stage is module dissemination. The application of ethnoscience to digital modules through material on the history of Mount Semeru based on location, hazard, eruptions history, areas affected by eruptions, and eruption disaster preparedness. The research subjects consisted of 100 fifth-grade students and 10 teachers in three schools directly affected by the eruption of Mount Semeru with a pre-test and post-test one-group design. Data collection used interviews, questionnaires, and tests with quantitative descriptive analysis. The simple independent test is carried out by comparing the data before and after the implementation of the module. Module effectiveness test used an independent sample t-test with a value 0.000 < 0.05. The results showed that the ethnoscience-based digital module of volcanic eruption is very feasible and effective in improving the preparedness of elementary school students. In addition, as a finding of this study, the ethnoscience-based digital module promotes an education support system that is appropriate through the habits of local communities facing disasters contained in the module, which can provide a better understanding of students' perspectives related to the Semeru volcano disaster. The implication of the ethnoscience-based digital module for current knowledge is increasing the childhood awareness knowledge related to volcanic disaster based on local everyday life.

A Microfluidics Approach for Ovarian Cancer Immune Monitoring in an Outpatient Setting.

Among cancer diagnoses in women, ovarian cancer has the fifth-highest mortality rate. Current treatments are unsatisfactory, and new therapies are highly needed. Immunotherapies show great promise but have not reached their full potential in ovarian cancer patients. Implementation of an immune readout could offer better guidance and development of immunotherapies. However, immune profiling is often performed using a flow cytometer, which is bulky, complex, and expensive. This equipment is centralized and operated by highly trained personnel, making it cumbersome and time-consuming. We aim to develop a disposable microfluidic chip capable of performing an immune readout with the sensitivity needed to guide diagnostic decision making as close as possible to the patient. As a proof of concept of the fluidics module of this concept, acquisition of a limited immune panel based on CD45, CD8, programmed cell death protein 1 (PD1), and a live/dead marker was compared to a conventional flow cytometer (BD FACSymphony). Based on a dataset of peripheral blood mononuclear cells of 15 patients with ovarian cancer across different stages of treatment, we obtained a 99% correlation coefficient for the detection of CD8+PD1+ T cells relative to the total amount of CD45+ white blood cells. Upon further system development comprising further miniaturization of optics, this microfluidics chip could enable immune monitoring in an outpatient setting, facilitating rapid acquisition of data without the need for highly trained staff.

A H-Bridge-Multiplexing-Based Novel Power Electronic Transformer

Cascaded H-bridge power electronic transformers (CHB-PET) play a pivotal role in distribution grids and their efficient operation. The input series and output parallel (ISOP) configurations result in a huge number of power switching devices, high-frequency transformers (HFT), and capacitors in high-voltage, high-capacity CHB-PET, leading to the need for high hardware costs and huge-sized CHB-PET, which further poses a significant challenge to the engineering feasibility and marketability of the CHB-PET. To address these issues, a CHB-PET topology is proposed in this paper. The novel topology exploits the concept of multi-frequency modulation to achieve power decoupling and power unit multiplexing through reasonable LC resonant frequency selection, which optimizes the ISOP structure and ultimately reduces the hardware cost and size of the CHB-PET. In this study, the effectiveness of reducing the number of power switching devices and HFT is firstly analyzed, and after describing its working principle, the control strategy of each power conversion link of PET is discussed before the correctness and effectiveness of the CHB-PET topology and control strategy proposed in this paper are verified via simulation.

Musical Art in Theoretical and Methodological Projections: Present-Day Music and Neuroethics

An attempt is made to comprehend the latest developments in such a field of neuroscience as neuroethics, music through the perception of the human brain. Yes, for example, the key ideas of neuroethics are generally in line with the spirit of Kantian apriorism, reinterpreted in the current terms of cognitive neuroscience. Today, more and more arguments are found that "music excites such internal physiological programs that contribute to the restoration of the homeostatic equilibrium of the organism .... This means that music plays a role in human evolution. The article proposes the concept of a musical module, which correlates with a cognitive neurostructure. The theoretical and methodological features of the formation of today's classical music are investigated. The methods of analysis, synthesis, explanatory, research and scientific methods have been applied to conduct an effective research. Priority directions of modern music development in the context of neurophysiological development have been determined. Formed the results of the study, which were the basis for determining aspects of prospective musical development. Scientific research in the field of music and the field of psychology is investigated, which is the basis for the development of neuroscience. The relevance of the article is determined by the need to adapt music to the challenges of information and communication society and to determine the prospects for further development of today's classical music.

GENERALIZATION OF VON-NEUMANN REGULAR RINGS TO VON-NEUMANN REGULAR MODULES

An element r in a commutative ring R is called regular if there exist s∈R such that rsr=r. Ring R is called vN (von-Neumann)-regular ring if every element is regular. Recall that for any ring R always can be considered as module over itself. Using the fact, it is natural to generalize the definition of vN-regular ring to vN-regular module. Depend on the ways in generalizing there will be some different version in defining the vN-regular module. The first who defined the concept of regular module is Fieldhouse. Secondly Ramamuthi and Rangaswamy defined the concept of strongly regular module of Fieldhouse by giving stronger requirement. Afterward Jayaram and Tekir defined the concept of vN-regular module by generalizing the regular element in ring to regular element in R-module M. In this paper we investigate the properties of each module regular and the linkages between each vN-regular module.

Efficiency and Power Loss Distribution in a High-Frequency, Seven-Level Diode-Clamped Inverter

The paper presents efficiency and power loss analysis in a high-frequency, seven-level diode-clamped inverter (7LDCB). The inverter is composed of four-level (4L) diode-clamped branches based on MOSFET transistors and Si Schottky diodes. The range of DC-link voltages enables the operation of the inverter in connection with a single-phase power grid. The tested inverter can be controlled using various modulation concepts that affect its parameters, but also energy losses. Carrier-based modulation, which may be useful in a few applications, is compared to selective modulation based on the state machine (SM-based) algorithm. The article demonstrates the efficiency level of the inverter as well as the influence of the modulation method and switching frequency on the efficiency and loss distribution in semiconductor devices. The article also shows the hardware implementation of a complex modulation algorithm based on selective switching states used to maintain voltage balance on three DC-link capacitors. Redundant switching states allow the generation of the same voltage but with the use of a selected DC-link capacitor. This makes it possible to balance the DC-link voltage with the load current. The article presents experimental results, which show the advantage of using the modulation method with selective switching states. First, it allows for equalizing the loading of DC-link capacitors. The second advantage is a more uniform distribution of losses in semiconductor components.

Low-cost, high-speed multispectral imager via spatiotemporal modulation based on a color camera

Spectral imaging is a powerful tool in industrial processes, medical imaging, and fundamental scientific research. However, for the commonly used spatial/spectral-scanning spectral imager, the slow response time has posed a big challenge for its employment in dynamic scenes. In this paper, we propose a spatiotemporal modulation concept and build a simple, low-cost spectral imager by combining a liquid crystal (LC) cell with a commercial color camera. By the synergic effect of temporal modulation of the LC materials and spatial modulation of the Bayer filter in a color camera, high-quality multispectral imaging is successfully demonstrated with a high rate of 8 Hz, far beyond the counterparts. Experimental results show that even with three tuning states of the LC material, optical signals with a 10-nm band can be resolved in the range between 410 and 700 nm by this method, overcoming the tradeoff between spectral resolution and time resolution. As a proof of demonstration, we present its potential usage for metamerism recognition, showing superiority over traditional color cameras with more spectral details. Considering its low cost, miniaturization and monolithic-integration ability on color sensors, this simple approach may bring the spectral imaging technology closer to the consumer market and even to ubiquitous smartphones for health care, food inspection and other applications.

Unraveling the Interplay: Exploring the Links Between Gut Microbiota, Obesity, and Psychological Outcomes.

This narrative review delves into the complex and intricate mechanisms of the gut-brain axis. Gut microbiota has gained immense importance in the treatment of various diseases. The therapeutic potential of gut-microbial modulation is slowly coming to light. With good preclinical evidence, some human studies shed light on the translation potential of gut-microbial modulation. The concept of gut-microbial modulation has been studied for over a few decades. The relationship between gut microbiota and various homeostatic mechanisms is fascinating. Over the years, we have started understanding the immense role of gut microbiota in various homeostatic mechanisms. There are a good number of clinical studies that have shown the therapeutic potential of gut-microbial modulation in obesity and psychological diseases, especially depression and anxiety. The gut-microbial modulation can be achieved by dietary factors or supplementation. In this review, we explore the mechanisms by which prebiotics, probiotics, and synbiotics alter the gut-brain axis. The review limits its discussion to the most recent clinical studies that have shown promise as therapeutic strategies.

Drain current sensitivity analysis using a surface potential-based analytical model for AlGaN/GaN double gate MOS-HEMT

In this research, a surface potential-based drain current model for an AlGaN/GaN symmetrical double-gate metal oxide semiconductor high electron mobility transistor (DG-MOSHEMT) is proposed and used to detect label-free biomolecules for the first time. The model is applied for a nanocavity-based DG-MOSHEMT and works on the concept of dielectric modulation to detect biomolecules like uricase, urease, streptavidin, protein, biotin, ChOx, and APTES(3-aminopropyltriethoxysilane). The performance indicators, such as a change in drain ON current (ΔION), drain current sensitivity (SION), transconductance sensitivity (Sgm), and output conductance sensitivity (Δgd), are used to assess the device's efficacy. Numerical simulations are conducted to verify the model's accuracy and quantify its sensitivity. The DG-MOSHEMT device elicited exceptional sensitivity towards the uricase biomolecule, surpassing all other analytes tested, with SION = 0.328, Sgm = 0.197, and Δgd = 28.1 mS/mm. Furthermore, the model considers the contribution of the first two sub-bands of the quantum well and competently captures the fluctuation in drain ON current and sensitivity. A comprehensive sensitivity analysis of the drain current is conducted by altering physical parameters such as cavity length, thickness, gate length and barrier layer thickness. Notably, the sensitivity SION is significantly improved with cavity length and thickness for the optimized AlGaN barrier layer.

Simondon, Control and the Digital Domain

Deleuze put forth a description of fluid control in computerized society in his text ‘Postscript on Control Societies’. With the help of the philosophy of Gilbert Simondon, we can broaden and complexify this view and understand digital systems through the concept of modulation. These modulatory systems intervene in human individuation by controlling individuals as ‘dividuals’. In contemporary digital technologies, like blockchain platforms, the modulatory dividual control can be fierce and even total. Simondon’s concepts of pre-individual, individuation, and transindividuation present us with an ontology for this contemporary mode of control and enable us to better understand the complex relations between the being of humans and technical networks.

Module Structures on Hoops

In this paper, we apply the theory of modules on hoops and introduce two concepts of modules on hoops and provide special examples and interesting results. Both concepts are correct and logical. The first concept is very close to the definition of module in abstract algebra. In this case, we investigate some important results in modules such as sub-modules and quotient structures. But if we want to investigate the relationship between hoop-modules and other modules on logical algebraic structures such as [Formula: see text]-modules and [Formula: see text]-modules, we need to define the second definition of hoop-modules. In this case, we can get that a [Formula: see text]-modules and an [Formula: see text]-module from any hoop-module.

Overdriven laser diode optoacoustic microscopy

Laser diodes are small and inexpensive but don’t afford the pulse energy and beam profile required for optoacoustic (photoacoustic) microscopy. Using two novel modulation concepts, i.e. overdriving continuous-wave laser diodes (CWLD) and frequency-wavelength multiplexing (FWM) based on illumination pulse-trains, we demonstrate concurrent multi-wavelength optoacoustic microscopy with signal-to-noise ratios of > 17 dB, < 2 µm resolution at repetition rates of 1 MHz. This unprecedented performance based on an adaptable trigger engine allowed us to contrast FWM to wavelength alternating acquisition using identical optical components. We showcase this concept’s superiority over conventional optoacoustic microscopes by visualizing vascular oxygenation dynamics and circulating tumor cells in mice. This work positions laser diodes as a technology allowing affordable, tunable, and miniaturizable optoacoustic microscopy.

Two generalizations of homology modules

Let R be a commutative ring and Nil(R) denote the set of nilpotent elements of R. In this paper, we investigate two generalizations of exact sequences, ϕ -exact sequences and N -exact sequences. With the help of two generalizations of exact sequences, we generalize the concept of homology modules. We show that they behave in a way similar to the classical ones.

Construction of a Digital Shared Management Platform for Enterprise Finance in the Information Age

Abstract Based on the construction objectives of the enterprise financial sharing management platform, this paper focuses on the design concept and implementation process of each system module based on the overall system design under the framework of the financial sharing platform. The BP neural network algorithm is used to evaluate the financial information risk, the particle swarm optimization algorithm is used to optimize the database, the big data visualization technology is used for digitizing the financial information, and the metadata sharing technology is used to transfer the financial sharing data, to complete the financial information sharing. Through testing the platform, it is concluded that the real-time packet loss rate of financial sharing data is kept below 20%, and the average response time of multi-user clicks is within 2S. Therefore, the sharing function, the function of each module, and the performance of the platform in this paper can meet the needs of enterprises.

Projection invariant t -Baer and related modules

UDC 512.5 We investigate the concepts of projection invariant t -extending modules and projection invariant t -Baer modules, which are generalized to those π -extending and t -Baer notions, respectively. Several structural properties are obtained and some applications are developed. It is proved that the π - t -extending modules and π - t -e. Baer modules are connected with each other. Moreover, we obtain a characterization for π - t -extending modules relative to the annihilator conditions.

Semi-Small Compressible Modules and Semi-Small Retractable Modules

Let be a commutative ring with 1 and be left unitary . In this paper we introduced and studied concept of semi-small compressible module (a is said to be semi-small compressible module if can be embedded in every nonzero semi-small submodule of . Equivalently, is semi-small compressible module if there exists a monomorphism , , is said to be semi-small retractable module if , for every non-zero semi-small sub module in . Equivalently, is semi-small retractable if there exists a homomorphism whenever . In this paper we introduce and study the concept of semi-small compressible and semi-small retractable s as a generalization of compressible and retractable respectively and give some of their advantages characterizations and examples.