Life Cycle Concept Research Articles

International Approaches to the Development, Validation, and Change Management of Analytical Procedures (Review)

INTRODUCTION. In 2023, the International Council for Harmonisation of Technical Requirements for Pharmaceuticals for Human Use (ICH) published a new Guideline on Analytical Procedure Development (ICH Q14) and a revised version of the Guideline on Validation of Analytical Procedures (ICH Q2(R2)). Consequently, there is a need for a considerable revision of the approach to the development and validation of analytical procedures that is currently used in the Eurasian Economic Union (EAEU). A revision is also needed for the processes for evaluating and introducing variations to the analytical procedures described in medicinal product registration dossiers.AIM. This review aimed to analyse the significant changes made to international approaches to the development of analytical procedures, as well as to study the advantages and disadvantages of these approaches for pharmaceutical manufacturers and regulatory agencies in the EAEU.DISCUSSION. This review covers the key provisions and practical aspects of the enhanced approaches to the development of analytical procedures introduced by the ICH Q14 guideline. In particular, the review addresses the concepts of the analytical procedure life cycle (APLC) and the modified analytical qualityby-design (AQbD) approach; the development of the analytical target profile (ATP); analytical quality risk management; planning of the design of experiments (DoE) and the analytical procedure control strategy; and the validation, subsequent verification, transfer, and change management of analytical procedures. Additionally, the review describes the ICH Q2(R2) updates that accompany this new regulatory paradigm.CONCLUSIONS. The above guidelines fill the existing gap in recommendations for the development of analytical procedures. The use of the APLC and AQbD concepts provides both pharmaceutical companies and regulatory authorities with flexible approaches that are applicable to analytical procedures both during the development phase and once they have been implemented. Effective implementation of these international approaches in the Russian pharmaceutical industry and regulatory system requires a broad discussion between pharmaceutical industry professionals and regulatory agency experts, possibly, as part of a pilot project. After that, there will be a necessity to provide training for specialists involved in the development of analytical procedures and to amend the EAEU Rules for Marketing Authorisation and Expert Assessment of Medicinal Products for Human Use.

Attention economy in professional football: A study protocol on the individual perspective of social media marketability of European football player

In the digital age, the attention economy assumes that attention flows along the same channels as money. Attention is a scarce commodity, so competing for it should follow a similar mechanism to the general acquisition of income and can therefore be seen as a social currency (Franck, 1998). Nowhere is this more evident than in the realm of professional sports, where athletes have become both performers and brands (Nufer, 2018), competing not only on the field but also in the arena of attention. For the players themselves but also for the clubs, the market value of a football player is no longer solely determined by their athletic prowess but is equally influenced by their ability to capture and maintain the attention of fans or sponsors (Leo & Kuczkowski, 2020). Seeing players as entrepreneurs, we assume that reputation is a fluid and dynamic asset (Gerbaulet, 2016), wherein the player’s ability to manage and cultivate their public image becomes paramount. Football players aim to maximize their lifetime income, which includes both their performance on the pitch and their marketability off it. Marketability can extend beyond their playing career and may follow a life-cycle concept (Vernon, 1966). Therefore, players are motivated to use social media to boost their reputation and lifetime market value. To investigate this phenomenon, we analyse data from the big five European football leagues (Bundesliga, Premier League, Ligue 1, La Liga, and Serie A) focusing on the 2022/2023 season. This season was chosen to ensure a closed information set, as the 2023/2024 season was ongoing during the initial data collection period, and player market values are typically updated multiple times throughout a season. Our study examines the correlation between social media activity and player market value by employing a regression model to quantify the influence of social media metrics, while controlling for other relevant variables. Player market values are sourced from the widely recognized platform Transfermarkt (https://www.transfermarkt.de). Social media activity is quantified through metrics such as the number of followers, the volume of posts, likes, and engagement rate, with data obtained from Fanpage Karma (https://www.fanpagekarma.com/). To account for players’ footballing abilities, we include performance data such as playing time, shots, and packing index sourced from The Analyst (https://theanalyst.com/eu). Additional control variables, including player age, position, league, and club affiliation, are also sourced from Transfermarkt and incorporated into the regression model. The dataset comprises 2,284 players, of whom 80% (1,805 players) have Instagram accounts. Instagram usage is highest among Premier League players (92%) and lowest among those in Ligue 1 (65%). The results of the regression analysis will be presented and discussed, providing insights into the relationship between social media presence and market value. This analysis will contribute to understanding the patterns of attention generation in relation to marketability and the rationality behind social media use in professional football. References Gerbaulet, D. (2016). Der Unternehmer als Reputator [The entrepreneur as reputator]. Mohr Siebeck. Franck, G. (1998). Ökonomie der Aufmerksamkeit. Ein Entwurf [The economy of attention. A draft]. Carl Hanser. Leo, M., & von Kuczkowski, A. (2020). „Kaufen Sie Ronaldo!“ Wie Facebook, Instagram & Google den Profifußball verändern [„Buy Ronaldo!“ How Facebook, Instagram & Google are changing professional football]. Die Werkstatt. Nufer, G. (2018, 30 January). Viel mehr als nur Sportler. Warum Ronaldo und Neymar mehr zu Marken im Fußball taugen als Götze [Much more than just athletes. Why Ronaldo and Neymar are more suitable as football brands than Götze]. Focus Online. https://www.focus.de/sport/experten/nufer/f-f_id_8386959.html Vernon, R. (1966). International investment and international trade in the product cycle. The Quarterly Journal of Economics, 80(2), 190–207. https://doi.org/10.2307/1880689

Sustainability Assessment Methods for the Transport Sector Considering the Life Cycle Concept—A Review

This paper presents a summary and review of life cycle sustainability assessment (LCSA) methods for the transport sector. The paper provides a comprehensive overview of articles that employ a variety of methods for assessing sustainable development in the transport sector, taking into account the economic, social, and environmental dimensions. In the sustainability assessment of transport, three methods were evaluated: life cycle assessment (LCA), life cycle cost analysis (LCC), and social life cycle assessment (SLCA). An overview of sustainability assessment methods in transport and a review of the indicators used in the life cycle sustainability assessment was conducted. It was found that the selection of indicators within the LCSA for assessing various aspects of sustainable development is dependent on various geographic and policy contexts. An overview of the application of multi-criteria decision analysis (MCDA) methods to assess LCSA in the transport sector was performed. MCDA methods are used to support decision-making regarding the selection of the most sustainable transport options and allow for the simultaneous consideration of multiple criteria, enabling a more sustainable assessment of different transport options. MCDA methods help to rank alternative transportation fuels and help decision-makers consider indicators encompassing economic, environmental and social aspects.

Optimization of palm oil biodiesel production: Environmental impact analysis and POME waste utilization

Background: Indonesia is still an energy importer, especially in the form of crude oil and fuel products to meet the needs of its industrial sector. The reduced production of fossil energy, especially oil, as well as the global commitment to reducing greenhouse gas emissions, has prompted the Indonesian government to continue to support the role of new and renewable energy. The production of palm oil-based biodiesel is faced with a number of environmental problems, which may occur from the release of emissions during the production of FFB (Fresh Fruit Bunches), CPO (Crude Palm Oil), and biodiesel. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to compile an LCI (Life Cycle Inventory) covering the production of FFB, CPO, and biodiesel; analyze the environmental impact of the CPO bodysel production process which includes CO2 (eq) emissions, acidification and eutrophication; and develop a life cycle concept for biodiesel production from palm oil as a renewable energy. Methods: The method used in this study is a combination of quantitative LCA (Life Cycle Assessment) and AHP (Analytical Hierarchy Process) and qualitative. Findings: The results of this study are LCI in 1 ton of biodiesel consisting of NPK fertilizer of 141.1 Kg; herbicide (0.25 Kg); water (1578 m3), diesel oil (25 Kg); fresh fruit bunches of 5.67 tons; electricity of 33.8 kWh, POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) (3,47 m3), CPO needed for biodiesel conversion of 1.17 tons; methanol (0.41 tons), and 0.01 tons of Sodium Hydroxide. The total CO2 emission (eq) of biodiesel production from palm oil is 1489 Kg CO2 (eq), eutrophication is 1.12 Kg PO43- (eq) and acidification is 3.06 Kg SO2 (eq). With the largest contribution of CO2 (eq) emissions in CPO production and the contribution of eutrophication and acidification in oil palm plantations or FFB production (Fresh Fruit Bunches). Environmental hotspot of LCA, CO2 (eq) emissions from palm oil biodiesel production show that 53% mainly comes from POME (Palm Oil Mill Effluent) waste, other contributors are NPK fertilizers (23%), methanol (18%), and diesel oil (7%). Hotspot eutrophication showed that 61% mainly came from NPK fertilizer, methanol (20%), diesel oil (11%), and POME waste (8%). Hotspot acidification showed that 48% mainly came from NPK fertilizers, methanol (28%), POME waste (13%), and diesel oil (11%). Conclusion: The concept of a biodiesel production life cycle can be applied with the best alternative utilization of POME waste with a priority weighting of 0.357 and a CO2(eq) emission criterion of 0.494. From the optimization of the life cycle of biodiesel production with the use of POME, the potential for emission reduction is 667.2 Kg CO2 (eq). Novelty/Originality of this Study: This study's novel application of LCA evaluates the environmental impacts of biodiesel production from palm oil in Indonesia, identifying critical hotspots in CO2 emissions, eutrophication, and acidification. Additionally, it proposes an innovative optimization approach by utilizing POME to significantly reduce greenhouse gas emissions, highlighting a viable path for enhancing the sustainability of biodiesel production.

Key Points of Design and Risk Analysis in Production for Biodegradable Heart Occluder

Biodegradable heart occluder uses a biodegradable medical polymer material to replace or completely replace the metal material. After completing the repair function of the heart defect, the device is gradually degraded and safely absorbed by the human tissue. So it may minimize the risk of long-term complications that traditional metal heart occluder causing in the body after implantation. Based on the quality management concept of the entire lifecycle of medical device, this article briefly introduces design and development, as well as the product realization of biodegradable heart occluder. It analyzes the main risk points in design and production, and corresponding suggestions have been put forward. These suggestions are combined with the medical device good manufacturing practice and the appendix of implantable medical equipment to provide a reference for regulators and industry professionals.

Application of a Model Life Cycle Concept to Investments in Artificial Intelligence Evaluation on the Example of Large Language Models

Application of a Model Life Cycle Concept to Investments in Artificial Intelligence Evaluation on the Example of Large Language Models

Temporal patterns and life cycle dynamics of social media user activity during disasters: A data-driven approach for effective crisis communication

Situational awareness of social media user activity during disasters is essential for effective and efficient crisis communication. Social media platforms such as Twitter and Facebook have emerged as critical channels for governments, relief agencies, and volunteer organizations to disseminate important information to the public during disasters. However, existing models are often limited to a specific disaster event, lacking a comprehensive and generalized approach. This paper introduces a novel life cycle concept to investigate the dynamics of social media engagement during multiple wildfires and bombing/shooting events in the United States. We extensively analyze millions of tweets and identify significant temporal commonalities, unveiling generic diurnal and life cycle patterns within each disaster category. This study proposes two models for the Hourly Distribution of Tweets and Daily Distribution of Tweets to explore different evolutionary stages characterizing diurnal and life cycle patterns. The hourly model accurately calculates peak engagement times for wildfire and bombing/shooting events, with peak engagement occurring between 9:00 AM and 12:00 PM. The daily models reveal that the highest diffusion rate is observed between two to four days from the wildfire formation day, while the peak engagement of a bombing/shooting event comes within the first 24 h of the incident. The findings enhance the understanding of social media dynamics during disasters and assist crisis communication agencies in developing communication strategies that ensure prompt and effective dissemination of critical information to affected populations.

Medical Equipment Management System Based on the Concept of Whole Life Cycle

Strengthen the legal, compliant, and rational use of medical equipment and further guide the rationalization of medical behaviors. By utilizing the Internet of Things (IoT) and image analysis technology, collect real-time operation data of the equipment, establish a real-time running database for medical equipment, and cooperate with the 12 key links of the "whole life" of the equipment and the 8+6 management system framework to implement lean management of the efficiency, benefit, and effectiveness of medical equipment usage. It realizes the improvement of the quality and efficiency of medical equipment, cost reduction and cost control, and provides data support for scientific decision-making. This study innovates the management model for the entire life cycle of medical equipment, providing a scientific approach to the management of hospital equipment.

Preserving evidence integrity: the key to efficient anti-corruption investigations

PurposeThis study aims to examine the connection between the integrity of records and the effectiveness of anti-corruption investigations. The objective is to determine how the quality of records affects the efficiency of anti-corruption investigations.Design/methodology/approachThis study uses a qualitative, exploratory case study approach, with data collected through interviews with 15 anti-corruption investigators in 2020 in Nigeria. The data were analysed using thematic analysis.FindingsThe results indicate that the efficiency of anti-corruption investigations depends on the quality of the evidence. Proper recordkeeping, which maintains the integrity of records, is crucial for efficient anti-corruption investigations. Inadequate recordkeeping practices that do not adhere to the lifecycle concept are often driven by corruption and can significantly hinder the efficiency of anti-corruption investigations by causing delays in obtaining crucial evidence.Originality/valueFrom a records management perspective, this study highlights the impact of unreliable evidence on every corruption investigation effort and the motives behind rendering the process unproductive. Accountability forums must enforce adherence to proper recordkeeping procedures to ensure the desired investigative outcomes with minimal resources, time and effort to combat corruption.

NEW MASTER'S PROGRAMIN MANAGEMENT AT MSU: FROM DEVELOPMENT TO IMPLEMENTATION

The paper reflects the process of creation and presents the results of two-year work of a new master’s program “Business Development Management”. The authors were actively involved in the program’s design and its curriculum development to meet the requirements of contemporary management education. The paper presents the approaches to designing master’s programs and substantiates company’s life cycle concept as a basis for “Business Development Management” program, which involves a combination of disciplines forming students’ professional, soft, and digital skills. Drawing on the results of a first- and secondyear undergraduates’ survey, conducted in January 2023, this paper determines the factors influencing students’ interest in the program and assesses the quality of compulsory and elective disciplines. Finally, it identifies crucial problem areas in master’s education developing modern managers, shapes clearer description of a graduate of “Business Development Management” program, and outlines new areas for management education development. The authors propose to replace disciplines with poor scores and expand a list of elective courses (also taught in foreign language); strengthen the practical focus of the learning process; introduce e-learning modules and the best practices of business gamification, which will allow using the knowledge gained and the developed soft and digital skills without time gaps between education and employment. Our findings have implications both for examining management education transformation and for creating and upgrading master's degree programs in management.

Analysis of PG/Flat Rental Website Developed Using PHP/Xampp with Existing PG/Flat Business/Rental Websites

This research paper is like a guide on how to build a website to help people find flats or apartments to rent in big cities. The paper talks about different tools and methods for website creation. It focuses on a tool called Xampp, which helps you set up a website on your own computer. The paper explains the concept of a website's life cycle, which basically means the different stages a website goes through from planning to launch and updates. It also talks about frameworks, which are like pre-made building blocks that can help you develop websites faster. The website this paper discusses is specifically designed to help people find apartments or flats to rent in big cities. The paper dives into a specific technology called PHP, which is like a special coding language used to build websites. It also explains how Xampp helps with using PHP for this website.

A Unified Model-Based System and Integrated Logistics Support Architecture Modeling Framework

Model-based system engineering(MBSE) uses the architecture model to drive system development. It has been widely used in aeronautical and aerospace systems development. Integrated Logistics Support(ILS) design is an essential part of system engineering. Still, there is no clear guidance on how to perform model-based ILS architecture modeling. This paper proposes a unified model-based system and ILS architecture modeling framework, which analyzes the relationship between the system and ILS in different life cycle concepts and gives a clear ILS architecture modeling approach. The unified system and ILS architecture modeling way will take full advantage of the model from the mission level to the system level to guarantee the different architecture perspectives consistency and save cost and time in the engineering practice.

The application of prefabricated BIM technology in the production and demolition stages of the whole building life cycle

With the development of engineering construction, the concept of building lifecycle management (BLM) is put forward. The building life cycle is a full cycle process starting from material and construction production, including multiple stages of planning and design, construction and transportation, operation and maintenance, as well as demolition and disposal. With the popularity of the concept of sustainable development, recycling instead of completely abandoning has become a trend. This coincides with the concept of the whole life cycle of a building. Prefabricated BIM (Building Information Modeling) is an important branch of BIM. It plays an important role in the construction of the whole life cycle of buildings due to its characteristics such as visualization, information sharing, and appropriate technology composite, especially in the production and demolition stages. Through qualitative analysis of the advantages of BIM technology and case analysis, this paper focuses on the important role played by BIM technology in the production and demolition stages. The application of BIM technology in construction animation simulation, site layout, and site planning is studied to effectively improve work efficiency and ensure construction quality. Besides, corresponding models and optimization of demolition methods are proposed based on different demolition needs. It can be concluded that in the production stage, BIM technology can be used for structural design, visual three-dimensional (3D) design, collaborative design, and optimization design, while in the demolition stage, BIM technology can be used for space management.

Preliminary Estimation for Software Development Projects Empowered with a Method of Recommending Optimal Duration and Team Composition

In the early software development stages, the aim of estimation is to obtain a rough understanding of the timeline and resources required to implement a potential project. The current study is devoted to a method of preliminary estimation applicable at the beginning of the software development life cycle when the level of uncertainty is high. The authors’ concepts of the estimation life cycle, the estimable items breakdown structure, and a system of working-time balance equations in conjunction with an agile-fashioned sizing approach are used. To minimize the experts’ working time spent on preliminary estimation, the authors applied a decision support procedure based on integer programming and the analytic hierarchy process. The method’s outcomes are not definitive enough to make commitments; instead, they are supposed to be used for communication with project stakeholders or as inputs for the subsequent estimation stages. For practical usage of the preliminary estimation method, a semistructured business process is proposed.

From sustainable macro debris chemical recycling to microplastic reclamation: Overview, research challenges, and outlook

The current surge in plastic waste generation from human activities has led to environmental hazards associated with Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) 6 (Clean Water and Sanitation), from mismanaged polymeric waste and its derived free plastic debris. Chemical recycling enables the effective end-of-life (EoL) of plastic wastes and debris by transforming them into value-added chemicals, reducing their offsite manufacturing's environmental and social risks related to SDG 13 (Climate Action) while mitigating plastic pollution associated with SDG 6, SDG 14 (Life Below Water), and SDG 15 (Life on Land). Herein, this work examines the recent research progress, technological advancements, and policy implications on the chemical recycling of plastic waste and derived debris from macro to micro levels and implications for achieving SDGs. We identify three primary research challenges related to plastic pollution mitigation: 1. Understanding the extent of plastic pollution and consequences by sources originating from human activities; 2. Exploring the sustainable material life cycle of plastics with minimum waste generation, free debris exposure and pollution related to SDGs 14 and 15, and carbon emissions aligned with SDG 13; 3. Indicating the necessary local and global efforts to deploy plastic production, use, and waste management as per sustainable plastic life cycle concepts associated with SDG 12 (Responsible Production and Consumption). Future perspective directions lie in mitigating plastic pollution on both the sources identified by plastic waste and derived debris generation from individual human activity and the sinks associated with free debris exposure to natural environments. Reducing plastic use, waste reuse, repurposing, and recycling can fully mitigate these negative externalities but also generate greenhouse gas emissions, which requires decarbonization under climate commitments.

ЦИРКУЛЯРНА СТІЙКІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ЯК ІНДИКАТОР ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ РЕЦИКЛІНГУ

The concepts of circular economy and sustainable development are recognized as the biggest challenges of today. Under such conditions, the issue of expanding the focus of the circular economy to the micro level, encouraging enterprises to transition from a linear model of the economy to circular (circular) one in conditions of economic uncertainty, is becoming actualized. Thus, the development of the theoretical basis of the concept of the circular economy of the enterprise and the formation of the definition «circular sustainability of the enterprise» as an indicator of the evaluation of the efficiency of recycling technologies. To solve the set goal, the main criteria of the circular economy were revealed in the course of the study, the differences between the circular sustainability of the enterprise, the circularity of the enterprise and the circular economy of the enterprise were characterized, the concept of the circular sustainability of the enterprise was developed, and the relationship of economic theories underlying the concept of circular sustainability was characterized enterprises. For greater thoroughness, the author investigated the following close categories: «circular economy of the enterprise», «circularity of the enterprise» and proposed a new category «circular sustainability of the enterprise». It is justified that these concepts are closely related, but not identical. The similarity between the categories is that they all aim to optimize the use of resources, reduce waste and increase efficiency in terms of environmental sustainability. The differences between the studied categories are determined by the level of application and concentration on specific aspects of management and strategy. It is substantiated that the «circular economy of the enterprise» focuses more on internal processes, the «circularity of the enterprise» covers interaction with the external environment, and the «circular sustainability of the enterprise» focuses on the long-term perspective and the inclusion of circular practices in the overall sustainability strategy. The theoretical basis of the circular sustainability of the enterprise as a symbiosis of economic theories was studied: systems theory, supply chain theory, product life cycle concepts, sustainability theory, closed loop economy theory, social responsibility theory, and innovation theory. Based on the results of the research, the author's concept of «circular sustainability of the enterprise» was developed

Process design and analysis of a net-zero carbon emissions hydrocracking unit integrating co-processing technique with green hydrogen and electricity

To mitigate carbon emissions from refineries, it is feasible to integrate established technologies such as green hydrogen, green electricity, bio-gas, and bio-oil co-processing into hydrocracking (HC) units. To clarify the contribution of these technologies to carbon reduction in HC units, three scenarios are proposed: Scenario 1 involves coupling green hydrogen and green electricity with HC units; Scenario 2 builds upon Scenario 1 by incorporating bio-gas; and Scenario 3 integrates co-processing technology into Scenario 1. The carbon emissions of the three scenarios are analyzed and compared based on the life cycle concept. The results show that for traditional HC units, carbon emissions at the input reaches 876.98 t/h, with vacuum gas oil and hydrogen constituting the majority at 96.7%. Under Scenario 1, carbon emissions at the input of the HC unit are reduced by 45.44 t/h, whereas Scenario 2 yields a reduction of 52.61 t/h. Remarkably, Scenario 3 achieves a substantial reduction of 272.56 t/h. The sensitivity analysis results indicate that carbon emissions are most sensitive to the bio-oil co-processing ratio and least sensitive to the penetration ratio of green electricity. Therefore, the adoption of co-processing technology is deemed most effective to reduce carbon emissions from HC units.

Resource Intensity Analysis of Producing 21 Types of Plastic in Terms of Mining Activity

Material flow analysis of plastics has attracted considerable attention for achieving sustainable production and consumption. However, the direct weights of each plastic have been analyzed alone, not considering the amount of natural resources as inputs for plastic production. Therefore, we analyzed the cradle-to-gate resource intensity of 21 types of plastics in terms of mining activity, using the total material requirement under the life cycle concept. It was found that the resource use for plastic production differs by up to approximately 10 times depending on the plastic type. By applying these findings to the material flow analysis of some countries and regions, we found that the quantity of natural resources was more than 20 times the original weight attributed to plastic production. By comparing resource use with greenhouse gas emissions, plastics with higher greenhouse gas emissions were found to have higher resource use, indicating a positive correlation, whereas the opposite trend was also found for some plastics. Considering plastic alternatives, we found that the quantity of natural resources in plastic-based shopping bags is nearly equivalent to that in paper-based bags, whereas that in plastic-based straws is greater than that in paper-based bags. Focusing only on the direct weight of plastic may mislead the decision-making process.

Life Cycle Thinking and its importance in the context of sustainability management: Review

Life Cycle Thinking (LCT) is considered a qualitative study because it describes the environmental impacts of a product or process. This perception allows us to identify the potential effects and resources used, allowing us to structure sustainable ideas, identifying and developing innovative solutions. Establishing the life cycle of a product requires planning and understanding the stages of the production chain, the continuous assessment of processes and their environmental functions, from the extraction of raw materials, transportation, manufacturing process, delivery to the customer and final disposal. Although LCT is considered a philosophy, Life Cycle Assessment (LCA) is a quantitative scientific method that allows you to express this thought. Through life cycle concepts and tools, it becomes possible to define the stages of a product's life cycle, assist decision makers in data analysis and implement sustainability with appropriate strategies and actions. However, the objective of this review is to describe concepts and definitions about LCT and LCA. It is hoped that researchers will be able to guarantee true sustainability in production, which will require careful assessment and multiple considerations based on an in-depth reflection on the product's life cycle.

Multi-objective optimization of Hybrid Energy Systems based on Life Cycle Exergy and Economic criteria

The present study aims to develop a novel optimal design of hybrid energy systems based on exergy and lifecycle concepts using genetic algorithms. The model consists of both stand-alone and on-grid options with scenarios for exchanging energy with the grid. The objectives include cost minimization or benefit maximization primarily, and lifecycle exergy efficiency, i.e., cost as the sustainability index secondarily. This research considers renewable sources such as solar, wind, hydropower, and hydrogen production and storage in addition to conventional diesel generators. The optimization was performed subject to weather conditions and solar radiation profiles, demand, and environmental or economic aspects. Also, the model contains various modules such as water-heating, waste energy utilization, as well as the options of power exchange with the distribution network and injection of hydrogen produced from excess renewable sources into the gas network. The application was demonstrated in a case study, where specific demands and the climate of Tehran were assumed. The case study considers four scenarios, including standalone, completely on-grid, on-grid with a non-backup generator, and on-grid without an energy sale option. The first optimal objective, the levelized unit cost of energy for the standalone system, is $0.22 per kWh. Moreover, the second optimal objective, the lifecycle exergy cost, ranges from 1.93 to 4.13 in different grid-connection states.