Interconnected Concepts Research Articles

Automotive Radar — From First Efforts to Future Systems

Although the beginning of research on automotive radar sensors goes back to the 1960s, automotive radar has remained one of the main drivers of innovation in millimeter wave technology over the past two decades. Today, millions of sensors are produced each year, which was made possible by inexpensive and mature millimeter wave technology. The technology maturity, in turn, enables research to be carried out on systems that are considerably more complex and powerful than was possible just a few years ago. The focus of research has thus shifted from purely hardware-oriented and device-level topics to sophisticated millimeter wave systems and RF signal processing topics. This opens up new research topics such as digital modulation schemes, radar networks, radar imaging, and machine learning. In this review paper, we sketch the path from the very beginning through the state of the art with sophisticated multiple-input multiple-output (MIMO) antenna arrays and mature assembly and interconnect concepts to today's key research topics of automotive radar.

Building and Calibrating a Country-Level Detailed Global Electricity Model Based on Public Data

Deep decarbonization of the global electricity sector is required to meet ambitious climate change targets. This underlines the need for improved models to facilitate an understanding of the global challenges ahead, particularly on the concept of large-scale interconnection of power systems. Developments in recent years regarding availability of open data as well as improvements in hardware and software has stimulated the use of more advanced and detailed electricity system models. In this paper we explain the process of developing a first-of-its-kind reference global electricity system model with over 30,000 individual power plants representing 164 countries spread out over 265 nodes. We describe the steps in the model development, assess the limitations and existing data gaps and we furthermore showcase the robustness of the model by benchmarking calibrated hourly simulation results with historical emission and generation data on a country level. The model can be used to evaluate the operation of today's power systems or can be applied for scenario studies assessing a range of global decarbonization pathways. Comprehensive global power system datasets are provided as part of the model input data, with all data being openly available under the FAIR Guiding Principles for scientific data management and stewardship allowing users to modify or recreate the model in other simulation environments. The software used for this study (PLEXOS) is freely available for academic use.

The race for the best silicon bottom cell: Efficiency and cost evaluation of perovskite–silicon tandem solar cells

AbstractPerovskite–silicon tandem solar cells have shown a rapid progress within the past 5 years in terms of their research cell efficiency and are currently being investigated as candidates for the next generation of industrial PV devices. This raises the question of which silicon bottom cell will be most suitable for tandem application. Currently, the silicon heterojunction (SHJ) technology dominates in tandem research achieving world records. However, it is an open issue of how to transfer these research results to industrial mass production, which is driven by cost reduction and resource efficiency and includes challenges like upscaling and long‐term stability. Therefore, it is highly relevant for the PV industry to get reliable and predictive estimates on the efficiency and cost potential, as well as technologically feasible solutions. In this work, we elaborate on silicon bottom cell concepts based on the PERC, TOPCon, and SHJ technology combined with two different interconnection concepts. For each tandem device, the efficiency potential is investigated by means of an experimentally validated simulation model. Second, we evaluate the bottom cell concepts in terms of all‐in cell costs per piece. Bringing the efficiency potential and cost evaluation together allows us to assess the different tandem cell concepts in terms of all‐in module cost per watt peak. Our results show that perovskite–silicon tandem devices are promising candidates to significantly reduce the levelized cost of electricity and, in particular, that the “race” for the best silicon bottom cell is still open to all the investigated bottom cell technologies.

The Aspirations of Measurement for Change.

This Perspective presents the five key aspirations of an approach to data use, decision making and monitoring, evaluation, and learning (MEL) in Early Childhood Development (ECD) referred to as Measurement for Change. The core ideas of Measurement for Change gave rise to this series, and many of the papers submitted in this series speak to this approach, whether directly or indirectly. The five aspirations describe interconnected concepts that advocate for practitioners and researchers within ECD to build the capacity to use data in their decision making, by establishing a monitoring, evaluation, and learning system that strives to be: Dynamic; Inclusive; Informative; Interactive; and People-centered.

Optical response of jammed rectangular nanostructures

AbstractRandom jammed dipole scatterers are natural composite and common byproducts of various chemical synthesis techniques. They often form complex aggregates with nontrivial correlations that influence the effective dielectric description of the medium. In this work, we investigate the packing dynamic of rectangular nanostructure under a close packing protocol and study its influence on the optical response of the medium. We show that the maximum packing densities, maximum scattering densities, and percolation threshold densities are all interconnected concepts that can be understood through the lens of Onsager’s exclusion area principle. The emerging positional and orientational correlations between the rectangular dipoles are studied, and various geometrical connections are drawn. The effective dielectric constants of the generated ensembles are then computed through the strong contrast expansion method, leading to several unintuitive results such as scattering suppression at maximum packing densities, as well as densities below the percolation threshold, and maximum scattering in between.

Ageing as well as you can in place: Applying a geographical lens to the capability approach

Despite policy commitments to support ageing in place, we know very little about the everyday realities and experiences of older people living in different environmental circumstances, with varying personal capabilities. This paper: 1) examines the valued place-based functionings of older people through the use of geo-spatial and in-situ methods, where functionings are defined as states of being and doing, and place-based functionings are defined as places, activities, interactions, routes, and routines that support these beings and doings; and 2) demonstrates the utility of a capability approach by amalgamating the interconnected concepts ‘ageing in place’ and ‘ageing well’.Three in-depth individual experiences of ageing at home in a Dublin (Ireland) suburb show how differing health and mobility challenges are managed, and illustrate how conceptions of ageing well in place can be identified from geographically-grounded lifeworlds. Participants’ place-based functionings are identified by combining qualitative and geo-spatial approaches through the use of annotated maps, using data obtained from traditional interviews, go-along interviews, and mapping exercises. Results demonstrate the diversity of place-based functionings valued by each individual, and how functionings are negotiated depending on different needs, wishes, and health or mobility challenges. Results also highlight the importance of supportive environments and social supports in enabling older people to realise their most valued functionings over time, which include being able to get out and about, engage and connect with others, carry out daily tasks and errands confidently, and remain independent.By paying attention to subjectively valued place-based functionings, as well as the specific supports required to sustain them, we can facilitate older people to not just age in place, or age well, but to age - as well as they can - in place.

Dasein and World: Heidegger’s Reconceiving of the Transcendental After Husserl

Abstract The following examines Heidegger’s analysis of world and Dasein from a transcendental perspective. It is argued that Heidegger’s reflections on the interconnected themes of world and Dasein reveal the tensions that exist between the transcendental claims before and after Being and Time and the analysis of worldliness. It begins by looking at Heidegger’s early analysis of Husserl’s critique of psychologism and naturalism, assessing what this tells us about Heidegger’s analysis of world and nature. It subsequently addresses Heidegger’s transformation of Husserlian phenomenology, and intentionality in particular, arguing against interpreters who claim Heidegger’s interconnected concepts of Dasein and world are reducible to one another and hence phenomenologically problematic. In order to respond to this reading, the article examines the twin themes of, on the one hand, transcendental constitutive analysis in Heidegger’s work, Dasein as disclosive and ‘world entering’, and, on the other hand, the centrality of the world and the realm of nature as always more than Dasein’s constitutive relationship to it. In order to understand what Heidegger means by worldliness, the article will look at Heidegger’s reflections on nature as the world’s other, which nonetheless needs to be understood on the basis of worldliness.

Characteristics of an improved boundary insert for sandwich panels with lattice truss cores

Composite sandwich panels with lattice truss cores have dramatic static and dynamic characteristics, which are widely used in aerospace industry. Owing to the inability to sustain localized loads of joining, valid inserts are required to enable the interconnection of the sandwich panels. The present study develops a novel boundary insert parallel to the facesheets for pyramidal lattice truss core sandwich panels. Analytical-mechanical models are addressed for the proposed boundary insert subjected to in-plane pull-out, in-plane shear as well as out-of-plane shear loads and experimental tests are carried out to characterize mechanical behaviors. Failure sequences and mechanisms are discussed comprehensively and good correspondence is obtained with analytical prediction. Finite element simulation models are developed for visualization of internal load distribution. Experimental results show that significant improvements in load capacities can be achieved by the developed boundary insert compared with the interconnection concepts for honeycomb sandwich panels.

Knowledge transfer between universities and smes and regional development. The role of the clusters as communities of practice

Abstract The Exchange of knowledge between universities and SMEs became a source of sustainable competitive advantages. The innovation capacity of SMEs is under pressure for various reasons since knowledge management is more costly and innovation readiness more difficult to be achieved. Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) became in this context critical players in the knowledge-based economy to interact with small companies. The traditional functions of universities are the generation of knowledge (research) and its transmission (teaching) are reconsidered in order to better serve the managers. This paper investigate conditions SMEs and universities may better work together, assuming that a pro university-SMEs cooperation behaviour at the level of the SMEs managers and universities is an essential factor of an efficient transfer of knowledge. Evidence of this interaction from development regions of Romania are shown in order to identify emerging cooperation patterns. Another area this paper investigates is the interaction of universities and SMEs when they are bound together in a longer cooperation alliances, in clusters. Actions to develop clusters include universities as central resource. The research intends to review the role of the university in cluster development for Romanian development regions on their struggle to occupy a role in European smart specialization processes. As a main conclusion, the article argues that smart specialization and communities of practice are interconnected concepts enabling innovation processes in university-industry interaction. Knowledge transfer may be more efficient when clusters and universities are interacting on a long-term basis.

Architecture and evolution of semantic networks in mathematics texts.

Knowledge is a network of interconnected concepts. Yet, precisely how the topological structure of knowledge constrains its acquisition remains unknown, hampering the development of learning enhancement strategies. Here, we study the topological structure of semantic networks reflecting mathematical concepts and their relations in college-level linear algebra texts. We hypothesize that these networks will exhibit structural order, reflecting the logical sequence of topics that ensures accessibility. We find that the networks exhibit strong core–periphery architecture, where a dense core of concepts presented early is complemented with a sparse periphery presented evenly throughout the exposition; the latter is composed of many small modules each reflecting more narrow domains. Using tools from applied topology, we find that the expositional evolution of the semantic networks produces and subsequently fills knowledge gaps, and that the density of these gaps tracks negatively with community ratings of each textbook. Broadly, our study lays the groundwork for future efforts developing optimal design principles for textbook exposition and teaching in a classroom setting.

스마트 상호연결 이념을 토대로 한 민박 서비스 스마트화 디자인 연구

스마트 상호연결 이념을 토대로 한 민박 서비스 스마트화 디자인 연구

The Strategic Role of the Corporate Social Responsibility and Circular Economy in the Cosmetic Industry

In the literature, circular economy (CE) and corporate social responsibility (CSR) are increasingly interconnected concepts. Turon at al. (2016) consider CE the guidelines of conduct for designing and developing good CSR strategies. In particular, the corporate management philosophy needs to be translated into mandatory CSR reports that better frames circular economy objectives by identifying and communicating actions to achieve sustainable development goals. The purpose of this paper is to explore a number of CSR reports in order to understand if cosmetic multinationals’ (MNC) nonfinancial reporting is focused on the concept of circular economy and if CSR reports ensure an adequate level of disclosure to circular strategies. Moreover, the paper highlights the advantages that arise by converging the concepts of CSR and CE. The originality of this paper lies on providing evidence on “how” MNC are implementing a circular model. This paper contributes to our understanding on the relation between CSR and CE; it assesses the state of the art of circular strategies in MNC and proposes a consolidation of the concept of CE in terms of sustainable strategic and managerial practices communicated to the market by CSR reports. Moreover, it brings MNC to a better understanding of the ways to communicate their new circular business model. The analysis reveals a good level of attention by MNC to circularity in drafting their CSR reports that in many cases are able to describe objectives and actions that embrace multiple dimensions.

Energy & economic assessment of façade-integrated solar thermal systems combined with ultra-low temperature district-heating

Abstract This paper conducts an energy and economic assessment of District Heating (DH) integrated Solar Thermal (ST) systems. An implementation with building-integrated ST collectors coupled to a Low Temperature District Heating (LTDH) system is studied, with special focus on unglazed collectors. ST heat is exploited in the building through direct use, while excess heat is delivered to the network. A novel control strategy for heat flows in the system is proposed. A meta-analysis of several DH configurations, interconnection schemes and installed ST capacity is performed in three different climates: Sevilla (Spain), Bordeaux (France) & Copenhagen (Denmark). Heat loads corresponding to buildings with various insulation levels and domestic hot water loads are assessed in hourly simulations. The proposed interconnection concept provides a variety of connection modes to the DH network, allowing up to a 50% increase in the provision of solar heat compared to an isolated ST system. Positive Return of Investment (ROI) for such a setup is achieved in 22% of the studied cases. The DH network is found to be a suitable heat sink in up to 25% of the buildings with ST systems installed.

Evaluation of Two Interconnected Concepts in Sexuality

One of the major interesting questions in the realm of emotive behavior and psychodynamic analyses involves assessment of object-related cathexis and the specific attention that is paid...

Grasping the global with Digital Earth

This study examined the extent to which adopting a more subject-led approach to teaching with the interactive geospatial tool, the Climate HotMap, can enhance geographical knowledge and understanding of climate change. Findings showed the significance of teachers paying more attention to geography’s central concepts of place, space, interconnection and environment in understanding the impact of climate change on local places but also on the relations between places in the bigger global climate change picture.

The importance of place and authenticity in adaptive reuse of heritage buildings

PurposeIn adaptive reuse, the importance of place referred to as “genius loci,” whereas authenticity refers to the design, materials, setting and workmanship of a building or place. Genius loci and authenticity are crucial evolving interconnected concepts; however, the concepts are usually studied separately, and consequently, overlooked in adaptive reuse practice. This paper provides precise definitions and a holistic understanding of these terms and discusses complications related to the understanding of the concepts in the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings.Design/methodology/approachContent analysis is an acknowledged way of analysing information related to a subject area and allows researchers to provide new insights and knowledge in a particular area. This paper applies a critical content analysis of published works related to genius loci and authenticity over time.FindingsThe findings show the inter-relationship of genius loci and authenticity, and how these concepts can be considered in the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings, in theory and in practice. Consequently, a checklist is proposed to enable all interested parties engaged with the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings to identify and preserve genius loci and authenticity.Originality/valueIdentity and values of heritage buildings are argued to be the strongest reasons for adaptation. Amongst a wide range of values associated with the adaptive reuse of heritage buildings, place and authenticity are perceived to be the most confusing terms and concepts. Whilst place and authenticity are defined by many authors, their meaning and usage are subjective, which is a challenge in recognising and preserving the values they embody. This study contributes to the greater understanding of these concepts, their meanings and application in adaptive reuse.

Synergies of Text Mining and Multiple Attribute Decision Making: A Criteria Selection and Weighting System in a Prospective MADM Outline

In this study, a new way of criteria selection and a weighting system will be presented in a multi-disciplinary framework. Weighting criteria in Multi-Attribute Decision Making (MADM) has been developing as the most attractive section in the field. Although many ideas have been developed during the last decades, there is no such great diversity that can be mentioned in the literature. This study is looking from outside the box and is presenting something totally new by using big data and text mining in a Prospective MADM outline. PMADM is a hybrid interconnected concept between the Futures Studies and MADM fields. Text mining, which is known as a useful tool in Futures Studies, is applied to create a widespread pilot system for weighting and criteria selection in the PMADM outline. Latent Semantic Analysis (LSA), as an influential method inside the general concept of text mining, is applied to show how a data warehouse’s output, which in this case is Scopus, can reach the final criteria selection and weighting of the criteria.

PHYSICAL MACROECONOMICS: Part XII - Updated Empirical Evidence

This article is an addition to a series of online publications on the natural science foundations of the global economy. In Parts I-XI, we presented the concepts of physical macroeconomics published earlier in interdisciplinary journals and books. These logically interconnected concepts are supported by empirical evidence. In Part XII, we present updated evidence as new macroeconomic statistics become available. A comparison of calculated price trends with updated statistics for global energy carriers presented in this article confirms the central concept of economic value proposed in physical macroeconomics.

Applications of Network Science to Education Research: Quantifying Knowledge and the Development of Expertise through Network Analysis

A fundamental goal of education is to inspire and instill deep, meaningful, and long-lasting conceptual change within the knowledge landscapes of students. This commentary posits that the tools of network science could be useful in helping educators achieve this goal in two ways. First, methods from cognitive psychology and network science could be helpful in quantifying and analyzing the structure of students’ knowledge of a given discipline as a knowledge network of interconnected concepts. Second, network science methods could be relevant for investigating the developmental trajectories of knowledge structures by quantifying structural change in knowledge networks, and potentially inform instructional design in order to optimize the acquisition of meaningful knowledge as the student progresses from being a novice to an expert in the subject. This commentary provides a brief introduction to common network science measures and suggests how they might be relevant for shedding light on the cognitive processes that underlie learning and retrieval, and discusses ways in which generative network growth models could inform pedagogical strategies to enable meaningful long-term conceptual change and knowledge development among students.

New Electronic Architectures

With the slowing of traditional semiconductor scaling, specialized processors, packaging and communication between chips has assumed increasing importance in meeting the needs of big data, IoT, and AI markets that will explode in the 2020 decade. Semiconductor designers are looking for new ways to provide the increasing computing capability needed to support our data intensive future. This led to multicore processors, processor accelerators, and the concept of chiplets and high-density interconnects.