Concept Of Intellectual Property Research Articles

Medical Knowledge for Immigrant Iraqi Doctors and the Challenges of Reduce it impacts in the Technology Era

Medical knowledge of immigrant Iraqi doctors a great loss for the nation. Doctors’ Immigrate is affecting medical knowledge level, the standard ratios between (doctors-patients) also the quality of health services badly. The research question: How can modern technology in education and health sectors are activated to cut the effects of doctors’ migration. The research aims to identify modern technology in medical education and the implications of not using it in Iraq. significance of this research comes from focused on how can build the students of medicine college technologically, also Promote the concept of intellectual property and keep the medical scientific legacy of migrant doctors by using modern technology. This research found a strong relationship between the use of modern technology in the (education and health) sectors and reducing the impact of doctors’ migration on quality of health care in the country. The average respondent answers (3.88) agreed that bad management and internet service are strongly affecting doctors’ emigration from Iraq and decrease medical knowledge in it, also (3.53) were agree that specific IT and non-effective health information system is the main reason to decrease medical knowledge. With average (4.03) were agreed that Iraq has not the medical scientific and technological leadership at the same time, and the climate of stability and progress to achieve their ambitions. Doctors said the political impact on hiring doctors in administrative positions in hospitals / medical centers and disrupting career progress disappointed them. Therefore, the feeling of insecurity and the lack of adequate procedures convince doctors to emigrate from Iraq.

ЗАХИСТ ІНТЕЛЕКТУАЛЬНОЇ ВЛАСНОСТІ В УКРАЇНІ ТА ЄС

The concept of intellectual property is considered, in particular, it is defined that intellectual property is the result of human mental activity. The objects related to intellectual property are listed, including: literary, artistic and scientific works; performing artists, sound recording, radio and television programs; inventions in all fields of human activity; scientific discoveries; industrial designs; trademarks, service marks, brand names and trademarks; protection against unfair competition; all other rights related to intellectual activity in the industrial, scientific, literary and artistic fields. It is defined that the purpose of intellectual property rights protection is to prevent the use of intellectual property rights by third parties. It is noted that the state management of intellectual property is two-level. The state organizations of protection of intellectual property management include the Department of Intellectual Property Development of the Ministry of Economy, the State Organization “National Intellectual Property Office”, the National Intellectual Property Authority (State Enterprise “Ukrainian Institute of Intellectual Property” (Ukrpatent)), the State Organization “Ukrainian Copyright Agency and Related Rights”. A list of regulations protecting intellectual property rights in the EU countries is given. To ensure the competitiveness of intellectual property product, taking into account the Association Agreements with the EU, Ukraine needs to modernize legislation in the field of intellectual property. With the signing of the Association Agreement between Ukraine and the EU, it can be noted a positive trend in changing the regulation of intellectual property rights protection, namely the adaptation of Ukrainian legislation to the EU legal model. Ukraine continues the gradual modernization of copyright legislation, economic reforms are underway, the scope of trade in intellectual property is expanding, and the system of intellectual property rights protection is functioning and improving.

Archival Legacy of Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and the National States

The article examines the consequences of the processes of disintegration of the Austro-Hungarian Monarchy and of making of national states for the archival heritage of the multiethnic empire of the Habsburgs. It is based on the provisions of the Saint-Germain and Trianon peace treaties concluded in 1919 and 1920 at Versailles concerning the intellectual and cultural heritage, as well as archival and published sources from Vienna and Budapest relating to the order of execution of these provisions. The victorious successor states that strove to divide the organically created archival heritage of the Monarchy and the funds of the Hungarian National Archives according to the territorial approach and ethnic principal, in order to satisfy the needs of national historiographies which needed additional resources for legitimisation of their independent statehoods. Both treaties provided for the application of the principle of provenance for the provision of archival services (or the transfer of documents), which were considered national intellectual property, but they did not provide a substantive explanation of these terms. Thus, this general regulation did not provide a solid legal basis for bilateral negotiations, so they were largely dependent on the balance of political power and economic considerations. From a historical perspective, the archival convention between Austria and Hungary turned out to be the most effective from a professional point of view, since in it the concept of national intellectual property, vaguely formulated in peace treaties, was not exclusively tied to the territory of a national state. In Austro-Hungarian relations, mutual recognition and use of the principle of common intellectual property allowed for cultural and academic interest in archival material outside its own territory, and at the same time guaranteed unrestricted access to information and the ability to influence the professional processing of archival material. The principles of the Baden Convention of 1926, progressive for their time, and the very adherence to its spirit, triumphed in international archival theory and practice in the 1960s as one of the possible models for resolving interstate archival disputes.

Prawnoautorska ochrona programów i gier komputerowych

The article reviews issues related to the copyright protection of computer programs and games. Attention was paid to the concept of intellectual property and legal issues related to the management of collective copyrights and related rights. Selected issues related to the history and development of copyright are presented. The history of computer games and issues related to the status of a computer game in the context of copyright were also discussed.

Sketch of the Copyright Act, 2000 in Bangladesh: Enforcement, Impediments, and Solutions

In the Modern era, the concept of intellectual property is a matter of significance, and copyright (CR) is a great part of it. Copyright provides the author and the creator of the original works a negative right on literature, dramatics, musical art, cinematograph, and sound recording. By virtue of modern technology among intellectual property, CR is getting more important. Though there is The Copyright Act, 2000 (CA) in Bangladesh is going to be difficult to protect copyright for some defect in the act and the lack of necessary scheme and mechanisms of the government. It is proper time to protect the authors and the creators of copyright by preventing the infringement of copyright through various measures of the state. To protect copyright state should take steps to implement The Copyright Act, 2000 (CA) and it is needed to make some necessary amendments in the present act. Through this research, the researcher tries to highlight the current copyright status of Bangladesh, an overview of The Copyright Act, 2000 (CA), impediments, and solutions to remove the impediments.

Assessing Lecturer’s Understanding of Plagiarism: A Case in Indonesia

Plagiarism, a concept of intellectual property in academic writing, has gained importance during the past few years in Indonesian higher education system. The vague definition and understanding of plagiarism have seemed to induce inconsistent efforts in preventing plagiarism practices in the local tertiary institutions (Akbar and Picard, 2019). This study aims to introduce and describe the step-by-step process in developing an assessment instrument that can measure a university lecturer’s understanding of plagiarism concept. A Rasch’s partial credit model was used in the data analysis to explain the different levels of the hypothesized understanding of plagiarism construct. Not only that the findings can help ones to learn the necessary steps to develop the instrument that upholds standards of reliability and validity, they can also provide good insights for the university authority to set an appropriate training for the lecturers on plagiarism prevention and mitigation as the different levels of these lecturers’ understanding of plagiarism are unpacked and addressed.

Интеллектуальный капитал в свете креативности и конкурентоспособности: обзор нематериальных активов организаций на примере Украины

This article discusses several issues related to intellectual capital, including a historical review, interest in elusive and intangible assets, and the impact of recent technological progress related to the development of information technology. Ralph Styer, CEO of Johnsonville Foods Company, was the first to use the term “intellectual property” to refer to an organization’s intangible assets. This document also defines the concept of intellectual property, which is the totality of all the knowledge that organizations have that helps them achieve their goals. Intellectual property includes ideas, inventions, technologies, general knowledge, computer software products and programs, projects, data skills, processes, creativity and applications in all organizations. Intellectual capital is knowledge that can be converted into profit. The components of this concept were defined as follows: structural capital, human capital, social capital and psychological capital. The article also discusses various definitions presented by a number of scholars related to intellectual capital, including: Edvinsson & Malone, K.E. Svieby, Y. Malhorta, T. Stuart, Depres and Channel, as well as Mackenzie and Winkelen. The article concludes that specific issues regarding companies and the nature of the market do not allow for certain results that can be generalized by comparing modern administrative trends or attitudes that define intellectual capital as intangible assets.

On the Impossibility of Intellectual Property

The concept of intellectual property (IP) has been variously criticized as incompatible with natural rights and detrimental to the dissemination of innovations. In this paper I argue that it can be criticized on an even more fundamental level—namely as a praxeological impossibility. More specifically, it is suggested that since ideas are not economic goods, but preconditions of action, and since physical goods transformed by ideas become as heterogeneous (and thus as intellectually unique) as the individuals who enact such transformations, no economic goods can be meaningfully designated as appropriable in virtue of embodying the objectively definable value of one’s intellectual labor. In view of the above, I subsequently suggest that IP protection laws constitute an exceptionally arbitrary and thus exceptionally disruptive form of interventionism directed against the very essence of the entrepreneurial market process.

INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY AS FIDUCIARY OBJECT IN BANKING INSTITUTION

Global Market Development today by the Industrial Revolution 4.0 brings influence to Intellectual Property (IP) in the fields of Economy, especially in getting loans at banks to increase the capital of a business, Intellectual Property (IP) is used as the object of Fiducia. Fiduciary Assurance Intellectual Exclusive Rights given a Act or regulation to a person or group of people for works of copyright under the Act so that Intellectual Property is right in Act-related issues Results of invention and Creativity person or persons relative to the Protection problems reputation in the field of commercial (commercial reputation) and action / services in the commercial field (goodwill). In the Global Market Development or the Industrial Revolution 4.0, the Intellectual Property (IP) can be made possible Fiducia. The guarantee proper object used in this case is Fiduciary. Setting Intellectual as Objects Fiduciary in Act Fiduciary not clearly regulated so that the necessary concept of ideal settings intellectual property as the object of Fiduciary must be developed by setting a comprehensive, systematic aspects of Substance, Structure, and Culture Act based on Pancasila and the Constitution Of the Republic of Indonesia Of 1945 in efforts to achieve economic development in Indonesia.

Perspectives for early-career researchers on plagiarism and scientific integrity

Lapses in scientific integrity, such as plagiarism, persist in the scientific realm. To be successful and contributory, early-career researchers (ECRs), including graduate students, need to be able to effectively navigate the literature, peer-review process, and scientific research with integrity. Here we discuss different aspects of scientific integrity related to ECRs. Our discussion centres on the concepts of plagiarism and intellectual property, predatory journals, aspects of peer review, transparency in publishing, and false advanced accreditations. Negative elements within these topics may be especially damaging to ECRs, who may be less familiar with the research landscape. We highlight the need for ECRs to approach scientific investigation cautiously and thoughtfully to promote integrity through critical thinking.

TO THE QUESTION ABOUT THE CONTENT OF THE CONCEPTS "INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY" AND "RIGHTS OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY"

The article is devoted to the content of the concepts «intellectual property» and «right of intellectual property» and to the issue of the possibility of using them as equivalent concepts. The author considersthe features of a broad understanding of the concept of intellectual property, in which it is revealed as a complex set of social relations arising at all levels of public life. With this approach intellectual relations are only one of the varieties of intellectual property relations, the totality of which is subject to legal regulation only in part.Taking into account the above, the difference between the meanings of the concepts «intellectual property» (in the sense of this concept as a social relation) and «intellectual property right» is reflected in the content of the structural elements of the relations that denote these concepts: 1) Subjects of intellectual property rights are determinedon the basis of compliance with certain legal requirements regarding legal personality, as well as the acquisition of subjective legal rights and obligations, which are provided to them by legal norms (by using their legal personality); the subjects of intellectual property become participants of social relations of different levels, including those, which are outside of the legal regulation. Such interactions may be related to realization of creative abilities of a person, mental activity, etc; 2) In the centre of understanding of the concept «object of intellectual property rights» is the content of intellectual property rights as a totality of personal non-property and property rights.The defining aspect of legal protection is the right to the created object of intellectual property rights. At the same time the object of intellectual property is a value in sociophilosophical sense that satisfies the social, cultural, mental and other needs and interests of people. In this sense the object by its nature is a good for man; 3) Social connections between the subjects of intellectual relations are revealed through corresponding rights and obligations of the participants of these relations; in the relations of intellectual property social relations manifest themselves as interaction between people in different spheres of social life, based on the corresponding social statusesand roles, in which individuals carry out creative activity, realize their mental and cultural needs, etc. Understanding the concept «intellectual property» as identical with the concept «intellectual property right» is based on a normative approach. This approach shows that the concept of «intellectual property» and «intellectual property right» are used in the legislation in the same sense and can denote both objects of intellectual property right and rights about such objects.

Accelerator Design for Ethernet and HDMI IP Systems for IoT using Xilinx Vivado 18.X

Xilinx Vivado software is used for designing synthesis and implementation of accelerator. The objective of this paper is to understand the concept of intellectual property (IP), IP reuse, custom IP and IP subsystem and to design the subsystem using Xilinx Vivado is used. This paper attempts to design accelerator to make communication possible between High Definition Multimedia Interface (HDMI) and Ethernet for Internet of Things (IoT) using Xilinx Vivado 18.X [4]. The term is increasingly being also defined as objects that “talk” to each other rather in the manner of Internet of Learning Things (IoLT) based IoT to define objects with that of “realistically talk” to each other, given the rising system external & internal environmental complexity and uncertainty factors facing the objects.

Intellectual Capital in light of Creativity and Competitiveness: Overview of Organizations’ Intangible Assets.

This research paper addresses several issues related to intellectual capital including a historical overview, the interest in elusive and intangible assets, and the impact of latest technological progress associated with the information technology developments. Ralph Stayer, CEO of Johnsonville Foods Company was the first to use the term “intellectual property” to refer to the organization’s intangible assets. This paper also identifies the concept of intellectual property being a set of all knowledge capacities of the organizations that help them achieve their goals. The intellectual property includes ideas, inventions, technology, general knowledge, computer soft wares and programs, designs, data skills, processes, creativity and applications in all organizations. The intellectual capital is knowledge that can be converted into profits. The components of this concept were identified as follows: Structural capital, human capital, social capital and the psychological capital. The paper also discusses various definitions provided by several researchers relating to intellectual capital, amongst them: Edvinsson & Malone, K. E. Svieby, Y. Malhorta, T. Stewart, Despres & Channvel, and Mckenzie & Winkelen. Moreover, the researcher tackled different measures used in intellectual property assessment and classified them in the following clusters: (1) descriptive measures/scales that describe some traits and characteristics and are based on exploring views related to identify the impact of the intellectual capital on organizations’ business (2) scales and models correlated to the intellectual capital and the intellectual property, which measure the intellectual capital components (3) market value scales and models which focus on the book value of knowledge assets and their market value (4) scales and models of knowledge revenues which are based on calculating returns on assets (ROA). The paper concluded stating that specific issues relating to companies and the nature of the market made it impossible to come up with certain results that can be generalized when making comparison among modern administrative trends or attitudes which defined the intellectual capital as intangible assets. Thus, the researcher urged researchers and parties interested in building up and upgrading companies’ capacities to exert intensive efforts to boost investment in human capital for its key and influential role in accomplishing excellence and enhance the position of these companies.

Intellectual property as intangible good

Motivation: Nowadays in economic literature we can observe the increasing popularity of the concept of intellectual property. Nevertheless, this growth is not accomplished by solving conceptual problems. The number of existing definitions, considerations about the intellectual property among intangible resources and descriptions of its characteristic features is enormous. Therefore, in-depth studies on concept of intellectual property are necessary from the point of view of economics and law. Aim: The main purposes of the paper are: to place intellectual property in the area of intangible assets and to specify and describe its specific features. The paper also tries to answer the question: is intellectual property a private, a public or a club good. Results: The paper discusses the differences and relationship between such economic concepts as: property, intangible goods, tangible goods and intellectual property. It exemplifies and describes specific features of intellectual property, and also discusses situations in which intellectual property can be perceived as a private good, a public good or as a club good.

FEATURES AND SOCIO-ECONOMIC COMPONENTS OF THE CONCEPTS “INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY” AND “RIGHT OF INTELLECTUAL PROPERTY”

The article is devoted to the content of the concepts "intellectual property" and "right of intellectual property", as well as to the possibility to use them as equivalent concepts. The author considers the features of a broad understanding of the intellectual property concept, in which it is revealed as a complex set of social relations arising at all levels of public life. According to this approach intellectual relations are only one type of the varieties of intellectual property relations, the totality of which only occasionally acts as the subject of legal regulation. Taking into account the above facts, the difference between the meaning of the concepts "intellectual property" (in the sense of this concept as a social relation) and "intellectual property right" is reflected in the content of the structural elements of the relations that denote these concepts: 1) Subjects of intellectual property rights are determined on the basis of compliance with certain legal requirements regarding legal personality, as well as the acquisition of subjective legal rights and obligations, which are provided to them by legal norms (by using their legal personality); the subjects of intellectual property become participants of social relations of different levels, including those, which are outside the legal regulation. Such interactions may be related to realization of creative abilities of a person, mental activity, etc.; 2) In the centre of understanding of the concept "object of intellectual property rights" is the content of intellectual property rights as a totality of personal non-property and property rights. The defining aspect of legal protection is the right to the created object of intellectual property rights. At the same time the object of intellectual property is a value in socio-philosophical sense that satisfies the social, economic, cultural, mental and other needs and interests of people. In this sense, an object by its nature is a blessing for a person; 3) Social connections between the subjects of intellectual relations are revealed through corresponding rights and obligations of the participants of these relations; in the relations of intellectual property social relations manifest themselves as interaction between people in different spheres of social life, based on the corresponding social statuses and roles, in which individuals carry out creative activity, realize their mental and cultural needs, etc. Understanding the concept "intellectual property" as identical with the concept “intellectual property right” is based on a normative approach. This approach shows that the concepts of “intellectual property” and “intellectual property right” have the same sense in the legislation and can denote both objects of intellectual property right and rights to such objects.

A Study of the Effect of Implementing Intellectual Property Education with Digital Teaching on Learning Motivation and Achievements

The emergence of e-learning created new education and diverse environment, conforming to the rapid change in modern society. The high acquisition characteristic breaks through the restrictions to time and space of traditional teaching, and the international emphasis on the problem and development of intellectual property is thoroughly presented on various international conferences and international conventions. The practice on education promotion could enhance the understanding of intellectual property and present the mission to practice intellectual property law, i.e. effectively transforming learners to further enhance the concept of intellectual property. Taking a university in Guangxi as the research object, total 198 students in four classes are proceeded the 16-week (3 hours per week for total 48 hours) experimental teaching study. The research results conclude the effects of 1.Digital Teaching on motivation to learn, 2.Digital Teaching on learning outcome, 3.motivation to learn on learning effect in learning outcome, and 4.motivation to learn on learning gain in learning outcome. According to the research results, suggestions are proposed, expecting to cultivate students understanding the full chain of intellectual property and realizing the property and legal norms behind intellectual property problems and the applicable approaches.

Neil Weinstock Netanel. From Maimonides to Microsoft: The Jewish Law of Copyright since the Birth of Print. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. 336 pp.

Reviewed by: From Maimonides to Microsoft: The Jewish Law of Copyright since the Birth of Print by Neil Weinstock Netanel Joshua Teplitsky Neil Weinstock Netanel. From Maimonides to Microsoft: The Jewish Law of Copyright since the Birth of Print. Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2016. 336 pp. Neil Netanel’s From Maimonides to Microsoft explores the concept of intellectual property in rabbinic thought through salient disputes in the history of the Hebrew and Yiddish book trade. As Netanel notes from the outset, “copyright” as it is understood in modern Western legal systems does not map perfectly onto Jewish material, and work is therefore required to apply legal concepts from one corpus onto the sources of another. In the centuries between the invention of the printing press and the Enlightenment, a system of royal privileges protected the rights of the publisher, rather than the author, who had invested significant capital in producing a book. In the eighteenth century, authors began to receive greater recognition, whether for their own economic role as producers (as in the Anglo-American context) or on account of a unique creative genius with which they endowed their creations (as on the Continent). Jewish copyright law, on the other hand, continued to derive largely from the laws of economic competition and markets, not the creativity of individual genius. Netanel explores landmark episodes in a six-hundred-year history of the evolution of concepts that approximate copyright in Jewish legal sources. He moves from the earliest known Hebrew bans on unauthorized book production —awarded to Eliyahu Bakhur by the Jewish court in Rome in 1518—through rabbinic controversies over the intricacies of regulating the book market from the sixteenth century through the nineteenth century, to a concluding chapter extending the discussion into twenty-first-century rabbinic courts in the State of Israel. Netanel does a yeoman’s job of surveying the relevant secondary literature on the regulation of published matter since the inception of printing, alongside primary sources in the history of copyright, including rabbinic pronouncements of Jewish law that were printed in the front matter of books, codes of Jewish law, and rabbinic responsa. He offers due consideration to the relationship between rabbinic understandings of copyright and that of their ambient societies, noting points of borrowing and creative adaptation. The history of law can be treated through a variety of methodological approaches. Law can be read as a source for exploring the impact of social and economic forces on governing norms, as a self-contained intellectual process, or as an effort by authoritative figures to shape and mold not just behavior but also culture itself. In a history of Halakhah, methodological questions become even more challenging, as in many Jewish communities the relationship between normative legislation and the enforcement and coercion of legal observance was somewhat more tenuous than in more conventional polities. Netanel takes recourse to different approaches to law as the book unfolds. In some of his chapters, he offers a close textual reading of legal principles, while in others he seeks to follow moments of legal dispute to enter into episodes in the history of the Jewish publication industry. There are great merits to this inclusive approach to a historical study of law, but it has its pitfalls as well, as the study sometimes seems like a fascinating collection of data without a concerted line of [End Page 263] argumentation. Netanel’s chapter on “Maharam of Padua versus Giustiniani” (chapter 3) is deeply satisfying in its explication of the lengthy ruling on the matter issued by Moses Isserles of Krakow regarding competition between two Venetian printers to publish Maimonides’s Mishneh Torah. After such a careful unpacking, his survey of selected disputes between the seventeenth and nineteenth centuries (presented in chapters 6 through 8) feels somewhat thinner, and perhaps more descriptive than analytic. A methodological tension between different kinds of historical questions also obtains in other portions of the book. In treating a colloquy between two leading rabbis, Mordekhai Banet and Moses Sofer, Netanel ably itemizes the positions of each rabbi without fully justifying the significance of such an extended discussion, a practice he repeats in his chapter on the Slavuta Talmud (chapter 7), when he...

Protection of Traditional Knowledge: Emerging Issue of Intellectual Property Law

Traditional Knowledge and Indigenous Knowledge are the two concepts under intellectual property which in the present context is of major concern of intellectual property law. Since, the term traditional knowledge and indigenous knowledge are quite often used interchangeably but failing to understand at times that they do not carry the same meaning it may lead to confusion. Sothis paper in general clarifies the distinction between these two concepts of intellectual property highlighting the importance of traditional knowledge. The paper attempts to discuss the areas of scope and significance of traditional knowledge. Furthermore, this paper highlights the impact of failure of registering the traditional knowledge as a patent leading to infringement of violation of intellectual property rights. The paper in conclusion opines that the ongoing debate of need of national and international actions for the protection of traditional knowledge and preservation of the nation's intellectual property should be the interest of all nations.

Exploration of the Role of Intellectual Property as a Moderator in the Correlation between Ownership Structure and Corporate Performance

This study is to verify the relationship between ownership structure and corporate performance, as well as the persistence of the relationship, by means of the relevant information of value creation provided by intellectual property. More than four thousand data of Taiwan listed companies during the period of 2002-2011 are analyzed in this research. Dynamic perspective is adopted to develop the persistence of the relationship between ownership structure and corporate performance. Regression results show that potentially non-linear relationship exists in the relationship between ownership and corporate performance. Evidence demonstrates that the impact of ownership on performance is a kind of corporate life cycle function, especially in the maturity stage as well as in the high-tech industry where it is particularly obvious. More importantly, the concept of intellectual property and the ownership mechanism of different industry attributes provide different information about value creation in different life cycle processes through dynamic design approach. For robustness, the measured variables of ownership are further lagged by a period to alleviate potential endogeneity issue. Overall, this study mainly contributes to extending the importance of corporate life cycle, and through this, more finely assessing the effect of ownership and the impact on corporate performance.

Investing in Intellectual Property: A Real Asset for Institutional Portfolios

Over the centuries, the concept of intellectual property (IP) has been praised for protecting the rights of inventors and artists but also criticized for supposedly harming the public interest. Many academics, IP specialists, national and international agencies and financial and legal experts have all weighed in on the topic in one form or another. There is a large body of written work exploring IP from all angles philosophical, legal and financial but somewhat less attention has been given to the subject from an investment perspective. This book attempts to bring existing knowledge together, to separate myth from fact and to contribute to a better understanding of IP while paying specific attention to investment-related topics. Starting with an overview of the main forms of IP, this book then moves on to discuss the interaction between these “intangibles” and the “real world.” The final part takes a close look at key topics and concepts related to investments in IP.