Individual Concepts Research Articles

O.4.4-11 Must we tell people to be less active to save the planet? The dilemma of physical activity promotion from a holistic health perspective

Abstract Purpose The emerging climate crisis poses major challenges for the planet and leaves us to critically reconsider our physical activity (PA) behavior and its potentially negative effects on the environment and climate. Until now, both PA guidelines for individuals and PA promotion policies follow a logic of “more is better”. We argue that this is because PA promotion is still largely based on an individualistic concept of health, while broader concepts such as Global Health, One Health, and Planetary Health are largely ignored. We aim to provide some initial input and guidance on how PA promotion would have to change if it were based on the different concepts. Methods Using a qualitative analysis of relevant approaches, we developed a framework to distinguish three classes of health perspectives and their implications for PA promotion. We analyzed their current application in PA promotion and point out potential omissions and shortcomings. The findings were used to critically review the pros and cons of a potential paradigm shift for PA promotion and its implications for the field. Results We identified a total of nine health perspectives, which can be categorized into three main classes ranging from narrow to a wide: 1) individual perspectives, 2) population perspectives and 3) holistic perspectives. While there are numerous types of PA for individuals to choose from to improve health from perspectives purely focused on the individual, broader perspectives increasingly limit the range of options: The more aspects (other people, foreign countries, animals, the global climate) are considered, the more physical activities may have to be considered as “unhealthy”. If such perspectives are accepted, this may have far-reaching implications for future PA recommendations, programs and policies. Conclusions Taking on more holistic health perspectives on PA promotion would have far-reaching implications for the field and leave research, policy and civil society with major challenges. In particular, this may imply a need to include animal and environmental health in new PA guidelines for individuals and public policy, and to work towards a “modal shift” towards promoting more environmentally and climate friendly forms of PA and sport.

Professional Self-determination of Adolescents (on the Example of the Primary Branch of the Russian Movement of Children and Youth)

The article substantiates the significance of the activities of the adviser to the director for education and interaction with children’s public associations for the professional self-determination of adolescents. The socialization of adolescents is an important process in the development of a personality and consists of many aspects, such as socio-economic, political, cultural, professional, etc. Within the framework of this topic, the main aspect of the socialization of adolescents will be social and professional self-determination through the activities of a public organization of children and youth. In our opinion, this is one of the effective means that can help adolescents not only make a more informed choice that comes through understanding their capabilities and goals. The article determines with the help of what methods and forms the successful professional self-determination of adolescents in the public organization of children and youth will be carried out. The purpose of the article is a theoretical substantiation and experimental confirmation of the methods and forms of professional self-determination of adolescents on the example of the primary department of the Russian Movement of Children and Youth. The theoretical and methodological basis of the study was: the ideas about the relationship between the individual and the social L. S. Vygotsky, A. N. Leontiev, S. L. Rubinshtein; approaches to the socialization of teachers, psychologists, sociologists A. G. Asmolov, A. V. Petrovsky, A. V. Mudrik, Yu. B. Boltunov, A. I. Shcherbakov, S. G. Gellerstein, the concept of individuality A. Anastasi and L. Tyler; the theory of job satisfaction by Herzberg, the concept of “individual style of activity” by E. A. Klimov, the theory of professional suitability by K. M. Gurevich. In conclusion, the implemented measures for the preliminary selection of children according to their personality type and preferred professional activities in the directions of the primary department of the RDDM, as well as the systematization of career guidance work, are shown.

Uranium mining – challenges and lessons to learn for nuclear disposal in view of participation and safety

Abstract. Uranium mining and milling is where the nuclear fuel chain starts. Nevertheless, it is the most disregarded part of this chain when thinking about resilience and safety, both in academic debates and in the process of resource extraction. This workshop aims at addressing this gap in addition to improving our understanding of the lessons we can learn for nuclear waste disposal. Uranium mining and milling is challenging when considering safety, from the first day a mine is in operation to the final day of land rehabilitation. During the operation of the mine and mill, the health of the miners is at risk and so is the well-being of the population living in the surrounding area of the mine and the ore-processing plant. Moreover, environmental issues such as pollution pose a risk during the entire lifetime of a mine. The remnants of mining activities can be regarded as long-term liabilities, since they must be monitored for many generations. Uranium mining and milling facilities are often situated on the land of indigenous people. Their rights to information and their participation in the decision-making processes regarding the mining operations, in addition to being informed about basic health outcomes, were and frequently continue to not be given, leading to injustices by mining companies and governmental authorities. Participation, however, is crucial for positive societal outcomes, such as avoiding the deepening of structural inequalities and the development of violent conflict, and for building trust – and thus also for security. This is not only true for operations at the beginning of the nuclear fuel chain but also for actions taken at the end (i.e., during the quest for the safest possible disposal site for nuclear waste). Based on insights from the processes of uranium extraction, we can draw conclusions about the site selection process of a final repository, specifically regarding licensing, operation and land rehabilitation processes. Bearing this in mind, it is worth having a detailed look at the beginning of the nuclear fuel chain as we move forward to resolve the issues we will face during the final stage of nuclear waste disposal. Learning in this context means looking closely at the processes during the licensing, operation, closure and rehabilitation of uranium mines and mills and drawing conclusions about the site selection process, in particular with respect to inclusion of the individual stakeholders and safety concepts. As a result, we can develop recommendations for the ongoing revision of the search process for a final repository for radioactive waste. Therefore, safety and participation issues are the focus of the uranium mining and milling workshop. The workshop will gather academics and practitioners from different fields in a transdisciplinary setting. We plan about five short inputs (up to 10 min each) based on some visualizations (slides, posters or similar), followed by a World Café related to the input talks and a concluding plenary discussion. The entire workshop will last about 2.5 h. The workshop is topped off by an excursion to the Wismut facilities in Ronneburg (Thüringen/Thuringia, Germany) on the Saturday after the conference. The field trip will be guided by Wismut GmbH, the Church Environmental Group Ronneburg and the local Miners' Association. This workshop will enhance the transdisciplinary capabilities of the participants with respect to the logic and externalities of uranium extraction, in addition to providing opportunities for exchange and networking. We aim to compose a publication format for the Safety of Nuclear Waste Disposal platform, based on the contributions of all workshop participants.

The Nexus Between Ethical Leadership and Employees' Perception of Workplace Safety During COVID-19 Under Mediation and Moderation Model.

Workplace safety is a crucial aspect of employee well-being and organizational success, with ethical leadership playing a key role in shaping employees' perceptions of safety. Today, the underlying mechanisms through which ethical leadership influences workplace safety perception remain underexplored, especially in the Pakistan healthcare industry. Based on the social cognitive theory, this study aims to investigate the relationship between ethical leadership and workplace safety perception and examine the mediating role of media quality, communication climate, and supervisory communication and the moderating role of moral attentiveness. An empirical survey method was used to conduct the quantitative study, with respondents representing nursing staff from hospitals in Pakistan. Data was collected using an online questionnaire during COVID-19, and Smart PLS was used to analyze the data. The study demonstrated that ethical leadership positively and significantly affects workplace safety perception. Media quality, communication climate, and supervisory communication mediate between ethical leadership and workplace safety perception. Moral attentiveness moderates the relationship between ethical leadership and workplace safety perception. Ethical leadership is an essential tool that improves media quality, communication climate, supervisory communication, and moral attentiveness. The article presents a novel approach to examining the relationship between ethical leadership and workers' safety perceptions under the influence of mediating and moderating variables. By better understanding these dynamics, the study contributes to developing organizational strategies to improve workplace safety and overall employee well-being. In addition, it is a pioneering study exploring ethical leadership's role in influencing workers' perceptions of safety. Overall, the study is a great initiative that fosters the ethical concepts of individuals, thus achieving health protection and safety.

Understanding Heterogeneity in Patients’ Conceptualisation of Treatment for Rheumatoid Arthritis: A Cluster Analysis

ObjectiveUptake of treat-to-target (TTT) strategies for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) management is low. Our objective was to understand the heterogeneity in patients’ conceptualisation of RA treatment to inform interventions improving TTT...

Extending the Capabilities Conception of the Individual in Economics: Relationality and Responsibility

This article extends the capabilities conception of individuals developed by Davis, understanding capabilities as relationships. I first introduced the main concepts that are useful for this extension, namely those of agency and capabilities. Then, I showed that agency refers to a rational and responsible exercise of capabilities through Ricoeurs analysis of Sens earlier works. I successively developed the concept of capabilities as relationships through the distinction between intrapersonal and interpersonal relationships: in this framework, self-scrutiny and relationality, respectively, become the leading capabilities of these two relationships. From this extension of the capabilities conception of the individual, two concepts arise with a certain strength, namely those of responsibility and relationality. This extension of the capabilities conception of the individual in economics also in terms of interpersonal relationships emphasises that this social conception of the individual is characterised by relationality. Thanks to responsibility and relationality, the capabilities conception of the individual might be applied in fields such as contemporary civil economy and ecological economics.JEL Classifications: B31, B410, B59, Z13

Snowman: A Symbol of Self-Realization and Unity of Opposites

This literature review delves into the symbolic aspects associated with snowman. The study examines the symbolism connected to both the process of constructing snowman and the eventual melting of snow. Furthermore, it explores how snowman can be seen as representations of life's patterns and natural processes. Particularly, the analysis scrutinizes snowman as integrative symbols within a broader dramatic context. The research also reveals how the cyclical processes of nature parallel the concept of individualization, leading to self-understanding and Self-realization. Through a comprehensive analysis of existing literature, this study investigates the symbolism of snowman, shedding light on their relevance in enhancing our understanding of human nature.

Mapping principles and worked examples for structural learning: effects of content complexity.

Drawing connections between principles and worked examples is an approach to learning and instruction, but it is poorly understood. This study investigated the effects of principle and example complexity on learners' ability to map principles and worked examples. The complexity of a principle or example was determined based on the number of concepts and relationships involved. 138 college students were randomly assigned to one of the mapping conditions: principle-simple example, principle-complex example, simple example-simple example, simple example-complex example, and complex example-complex example. The participants studied related materials and completed a free-mapping and a guided-mapping task for a simple and a complex probability principle. The effects of the mapping activities were measured in terms of gains in structural and conceptual knowledge. For the simple principle, principle-example mapping led to fewer nonrelational comparisons (standalone concepts) than did example-example mapping and an equal number of relational comparisons (interconnected concepts). For the complex principle, principle-example mapping led to fewer nonrelational but more relational comparisons than example-example mapping did. Principle-example mapping of corresponding content was more difficult than example-example mapping was. However, principle-example mapping of noncorresponding content was as easy as or easier than example-example mapping. The two forms of mapping resulted in equivalent gains in structural and conceptual knowledge. The findings of this study expand the understanding of analogical reasoning and learning through mapping and comparison of abstract and concrete content. The findings indicate that principle-example mapping enables learners to overcome the obstacles of comprehending abstract or general information and to identify the interrelationships of the individual concepts in formal structures.

Buying center-selling center interaction as a driver for power dynamics in buyer-supplier relationships

The concept of power is an enduring topic in various domains of business-to-business literature. However, the extant research is scattered, and synthesizing approaches are largely missing. This study builds on the concepts of buying and selling center and integrates their inherent focus on individual actors with the conceptualizations of business relationships. The purpose is to increase understanding on buying center-selling center interaction as a driver for power dynamics in buyer-supplier relationships. By analyzing two international business relationships manifesting significant power dynamics, the study contributes by building towards synthesis between individual agents and business relationship concepts, and providing a nuanced and multi-layered approach to power dynamics in business relationships. We present an empirically enriched framework that articulates the key insights learnt from the study. The study provides tools for managers to visualize the threats and opportunities in terms of relationship power when managing key individuals in buyer-seller relationships.

Alkaline: A Simplified Post-Quantum Encryption Algorithm for Classroom Use

This paper describes Alkaline, a size-reduced version of Kyber, which has recently been announced as a prototype NIST standard for post-quantum public-key cryptography. While not as simple as RSA, I believe that Alkaline can be used in an undergraduate classroom to effectively teach the techniques and principles behind Kyber and post-quantum cryptography in general. Classroom experiences with individual concepts used in Alkaline support this belief. In addition to cryptography, linear algebra and abstract algebra classes would be good candidates for the use of Alkaline. A few exercises suitable for use in these classes are included.

A critical analysis of the current state of virus taxonomy.

Taxonomical classification has preceded evolutionary understanding. For that reason, taxonomy has become a battleground fueled by knowledge gaps, technical limitations, and a priorism. Here we assess the current state of the challenging field, focusing on fallacies that are common in viral classification. We emphasize that viruses are crucial contributors to the genomic and functional makeup of holobionts, organismal communities that behave as units of biological organization. Consequently, viruses cannot be considered taxonomic units because they challenge crucial concepts of organismality and individuality. Instead, they should be considered processes that integrate virions and their hosts into life cycles. Viruses harbor phylogenetic signatures of genetic transfer that compromise monophyly and the validity of deep taxonomic ranks. A focus on building phylogenetic networks using alignment-free methodologies and molecular structure can help mitigate the impasse, at least in part. Finally, structural phylogenomic analysis challenges the polyphyletic scenario of multiple viral origins adopted by virus taxonomy, defeating a polyphyletic origin and supporting instead an ancient cellular origin of viruses. We therefore, prompt abandoning deep ranks and urgently reevaluating the validity of taxonomic units and principles of virus classification.

Who is More Authentic? A Moderator Effect of Gender Between Flow Experiences and Authenticity

Authenticity is essential to self-awareness and self-acceptance in personal development. Researchers have attempted to underline authenticity's antecedents, but little is known about the predictive role of gender differences and flow experiences together. Authenticity and flow experiences have been widely studied in psychology, sociology, and philosophy and have profoundly impacted an individual's well-being and happiness. Since it is a multi-component concept that many areas can discuss for personal growth and self-discovery, we focused on authenticity's individual and socio-demographic antecedents. In the current study, we examined flow experiences as an individual concept that may explain authenticity and the moderator role of gender in the relations between flow experiences and authenticity. Considering the antecedents of authenticity, it is beneficial to indicate how flow experiences lead to authenticity and gender differences in it. We used the Flow State Scale and Authenticity Scale as data collection tools. We followed a cross-sectional and correlational research design. The participants consist of 310 university students (190 females and 120 males) studying at various departments of Ataturk University. Results revealed that there was a significant correlation between flow experiences and authenticity. Furthermore, regression-based moderation analysis demonstrated that flow experiences were a significant predictor of authenticity, and gender moderates the relationship between flow experiences and authenticity. Results were interpreted as grounded in positive psychology literature.

On the efficient implementation of classification rule learning

AbstractRule learning methods have a long history of active research in the machine learning community. They are not only a common choice in applications that demand human-interpretable classification models but have also been shown to achieve state-of-the-art performance when used in ensemble methods. Unfortunately, only little information can be found in the literature about the various implementation details that are crucial for the efficient induction of rule-based models. This work provides a detailed discussion of algorithmic concepts and approximations that enable applying rule learning techniques to large amounts of data. To demonstrate the advantages and limitations of these individual concepts in a series of experiments, we rely on BOOMER—a flexible and publicly available implementation for the efficient induction of gradient boosted single- or multi-label classification rules.

Systematization of autonomous vehicles in last mile transportation processes – taxonomy development and clustering of existing concepts

ABSTRACT With the increasing challenges in last mile logistics, a variety of promising approaches of autonomous delivery concepts have been emerging in recent years. Due to the fast pace of advancements, several approaches have been developed, the characterization of them often by purpose rather than systematically. This study builds upon a multi-stage research process that includes a systematic literature review and structured taxonomy building process, as well as a hierarchical cluster analysis of 45 existing autonomous delivery concepts. Based on that, two main results were achieved. First, a holistic taxonomy with 13 categories - including technological, process-related and customer acceptance characteristics - was developed to achieve characterizing of autonomous delivery concepts in a standardized way. The second result centered on the taxonomy, where four clusters could be identified through the hierarchical cluster analysis. With the developed clusters it is possible to better categorize and compare individual autonomous delivery concepts.

A democracy built on communicative action: Bahá'í political practice as a prefigurative resource for institutional effectiveness, accountability, and inclusivity.

Goal 16 of the UN sustainable development goals, which calls on the global community to "build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels," can be conceptualized as aiming at fostering communicative action, a concept developed by Jürgen Habermas to describe a mode for coordinating society grounded in deliberation. However, Habermas simultaneously provides an account of the structural transformation of the public sphere that suggests a hard limit on the capacity of mainstream capitalist liberal democracies to foster genuine communicative action in the relationships between institutions, individuals and communities. This paper therefore argues for the critical role of prefigurative politics, in which communities strive to internally embody desired socio-political forms rather than focusing on changing the wider socio-political order, as a vital resource for generating examples to inform institutional progress. The prefigurative example of the Baha'i community demonstrates norms and practices that may illustrate a path out of the dynamic Habermas identifies of system colonizing lifeworld, by fostering and protecting communicative action as the mode of social coordination. The form of communicative action found in the Baha'i community is situated in a context of a telic-organic model of relationships between individuals, communities and institutions. The paper contrasts the conceptual underpinnings of this model with individualistic conceptions of human nature that are argued to undermine liberal democracy's capacity for communicative action. At the core of communicative action within a Baha'i context is a distinctive model of deliberation, known within the community as "consultation". The paper argues that rational-critical consultation can offer a vital nuance to Habermas' ideal of communicative action as rational-critical debate in the public sphere. The formal democratic structures and processes of the Bahá'í community are also explored as an institutional example that arguably meets the challenge of Goal 16. The paper concludes with initial reflections on a process by which the prefigurative example of a Baha'i model might be brought to bear on institutional performance in wider society.

The extent of government intervention in the public health system and individual freedoms during the Covid-19 pandemic: a theoretical analysis.

The concept of individual freedom has complex and multifaceted dimensions that significantly affect the limits of permissible government interventions aimed at restricting such freedoms and maintaining public health. Therefore, the boundary between individual freedom and the social obligations of the government must be carefully clarified. During the Covid-19 pandemic, the need for such clarifications clearly increased. This study intended to investigate the concept of freedom according to major theories and to observe their application in analyzing the relations between individuals and the government in the health system, particularly during public health emergencies. The findings revealed that "justice-based", "development-based" and "accountability-based" conceptions of freedom provide a more appropriate rationale for implementation of public health restrictive measures by health authorities during infectious disease outbreaks including pandemics such as COVID-19. Even in minimal governments that are built upon a free-market system and unrestricted conception of individuals' freedom, such public health interventions are justifiable in the light of the 'Catastrophic Moral Horror' where there is an extreme risk to the health of citizens.

Diversity of 'simple' multicellular eukaryotes: 45 independent cases and six types of multicellularity.

Multicellularity evolved multiple times in the history of life, with most reviewers agreeing that it appeared at least 20 times in eukaryotes. However, a specific list of multicellular eukaryotes with clear criteria for inclusion has not yet been published. Herein, an updated critical review of eukaryotic multicellularity is presented, based on current understanding of eukaryotic phylogeny and new discoveries in microbiology, phycology and mycology. As a result, 45 independent multicellular lineages are identified that fall into six distinct types. Functional criteria, as distinct from a purely topological definition of a cell, are introduced to bring uniformity and clarity to the existing definitions of terms such as colony, multicellularity, thallus or plasmodium. The category of clonal multicellularity is expanded to include: (i) septated multinucleated thalli found in Pseudofungi and early-branching Fungi such as Chytridiomycota and Blastocladiomycota; and (ii) multicellular reproductive structures formed by plasmotomy in intracellular parasites such as Phytomyxea. Furthermore, (iii) endogeneous budding, as found in Paramyxida, is described as a form of multicellularity. The best-known case of clonal multicellularity, i.e. (iv) non-separation of cells after cell division, as known from Metazoa and Ochrophyta, is also discussed. The category of aggregative multicellularity is expanded to include not only (v) pseudoplasmodial forms, such a sorocarp-forming Acrasida, but also (vi) meroplasmodial organisms, such as members of Variosea or Filoreta. A common set of topological, geometric, genetic and life-cycle criteria are presented that form a coherent, philosophically sound framework for discussing multicellularity. A possibility of a seventh type of multicellularity is discussed, that of multi-species superorganisms formed by protists with obligatory bacterial symbionts, such as some members of Oxymonada or Parabasalia. Its inclusion is dependent on the philosophical stance taken towards the concepts of individuality and organism in biology. Taxa that merit special attention are identified, such as colonial Centrohelea, and a new speculative form of multicellularity, possibly present in some reticulopodial amoebae, is briefly described. Because of insufficient phylogenetic and morphological data, not all lineages could be unequivocally identified, and the true total number of all multicellular eukaryotic lineages is therefore higher, likely close to a hundred.

Toward a Post-Kantian Construct

The conventional wisdom regarding the aims and shortcomings of Kantian constructivism is mistaken. The aim of metaethical constructivism is not to provide a naturalistic account of the objectivity of normative facts by deriving substantive morality from a conception of agency so thin as to be uncontroversial (a task at which it is generally regarded to have failed). Its aim is to explain the “grip” that normative facts have on us—to avoid what I call the problem of normative alienation. So understood, Kantian constructivism faces two problems: that determinate normative facts cannot be derived from agency and that its individualistic conception of agency cannot account for the sociality of morality. I propose and elaborate a social conception of agency that is better able to address the latter problem while still avoiding normative alienation, and evaluate two different strategies for responding to the former problem.

A visual ethnographic study on nurse lecturers' enactment of compassionate care within the adult pre-registration nursing curriculum

BackgroundNurse lecturers make a valuable contribution to developing the future nursing workforce. However, how this is nurtured within nurse education requires further exploration. There is limited research exploring the experiences of nurse lecturers providing compassionate care within the adult pre-registration nursing curriculum. ObjectivesThis study explores how nurse lecturers enact compassionate care within the adult pre-registration nursing curriculum. To elicit shared patterns of behaviours and use creative methods to promote a critical dialogue. MethodA visual ethnographic approach was used to explore nurse lecturers' experiences at a University in England. Using purposive sampling, nine auto-driven photo-elicitation interviews took place, and five participants attended a focus group to develop individual and collaborative concept maps. A thematic approach to data analysis was employed. FindingsFive themes were identified, illustrating compassionate care as the human condition involving appropriate behaviours and competent action. Compassionate care is threaded through the curriculum using different teaching and learning approaches, requiring a culture of shared human relationships. The combination of photographs, maps and descriptions provide a unique perspective of how nurse lecturers nurture and role model compassionate care to their students. ConclusionThere are many ways compassionate care is experienced, enacted and enhanced by nurse lecturers within the adult pre-registration nurse curriculum. The five main themes act as a framework to guide nursing education and nursing practice. Future research should aim to understand better how compassionate care can be nurtured within different fields of nursing.

Unification of tsunami-related terminology: Ontology engineering perspective

Like many research areas, tsunami research has plenty of related topics that lack unified terminology. Some particular sub-topics may not have enough attention or do not share the same terminology as different views on the phenomenon. This issue can be tackled by an ontology that puts knowledge from different related topics into a formal structure that connects concepts with relationships. This paper proposes the development process of Tsunami-Related Ontology (TRO) that would aid the research in this field. The proposed semi-automatic ontology development methodology applies to any research field and does not require specific algorithms or programming skills to achieve its goal. This paper particularly focuses on three research gaps related to tsunami that are expected to benefit significantly from an ontology: meteorological tsunami, community resilience, and physical vulnerability. For these topics, the created ontology provides a formal taxonomy that links individual concepts to equivalent or related concepts, providing an easy-to-understand overview of the area.