Concept Of Hypertext Research Articles

The hypertension primer project : An educational experiment

The Hypertension Primer, Essentials of High Blood Pressure , 2nd edition, released in November 1998, is a major professional, educational, and service effort of the Council for High Blood Pressure Research of the American Heart Association. The Primer is actually an educational experiment that addresses several problematic issues in information organization and dissemination that are likely to become even more problematic in the future. As with the first edition, which appeared in 1993, the work showcases the contributions of America’s foremost experts in the field of hypertension and is intended to serve as a unique introductory reference document in the rapidly expanding field of hypertension. The second edition is a further refinement of the process made possible by the work of the Council and an unrestricted educational grant from Astra Pharmaceuticals. Perhaps the greatest difference with the second edition is that the book will be distributed more effectively through a variety of channels to medical students, residents, fellows, and clinicians and will also be sold directly through the publishers, Lippincott-Williams & Wilkins. Webster defines a primer as a “small introductory book on a subject.” With several high-quality specialty journals and many excellent textbooks available, the question logically arises: What value is there in a hypertension primer? It could be said that the reason for the Primer is that, despite the marked increase in the …

Hypermedia data modeling, coding, and semiotics

This paper reviews the key issues in hypermedia systems as an overture to the proposal of a new semiotic paradigm for hypermedia data and coding models. The hypertext concept permits users to interact with and manage data as high-level conceptual objects rather than as symbol streams. Current hypermedia systems can best be defined as an amalgamation of hypertext and multimedia. While the hypertext data model enables this goal, that is not true for the data models of other media forms. A new semiotic paradigm that addresses these deficiencies and supports object-oriented interaction with compressed multimedia streams is proposed. This paper initially presents an overview of the hypertext data model, contrasting it with existing multimedia data and coding models. The framework for the new paradigm is then presented in a brief review of cognitive, psychological, and semiotic principles. This analysis culminates in the proposal of semiotically based data models and representations predisposed to the hypermedia paradigm.

Rich hypertext: a foundation for improved interaction techniques

Hypertext has broader applications than being just an information browsing method. Hypertext is a framework which allows for a powerful structuring of large amounts of information. Using hypertext concepts, it is possible to model data in such a way that users can manipulate this information in many different ways, and at different levels of abstraction. In this paper the relationship between the internal representation and the external presentations is discussed. In particular, it is illustrated how a well designed internal representation serves as a foundation for specialized interactions, which can be tailored to specific application areas, primarily by taking the underlying types fo information into account. The hypertext interaction approach proposed in this paper has been shaped by our experience with a prototype, which has been operational since 1993.

Hypertext Based Information Retrieval System

Conventional textual information retrieval systems are generally based on keywords and suffer from a number of drawbacks including low precision and recall. In this paper a textual information retrieval system that is based on hypertext concepts of hypergraph, browsing etc is described. Initially, a data model is presented as the theoretical basis and then a technique of implementation of the concept for a bibliographic database comprising of abstracts of research papers is explained.

NAVIGATION THROUGH GUIDE AND TOOLBOOK: A CRITICAL EVALUATION AND A COMPARATIVE ANALYSIS OF TWO HYPERMEDIA SYSTEMS

Abstract Whilst many definitions and explanations have already been given on the concept of hypertext, hypermedia and ‘generally speaking machine intelligence, much research still has to be carried out into the practical and logistical aspects of authoring and interface design. From this premise, this paper sets out to circumscribe, evaluate and compare a number of clearly identified problems encountered when designing two parallel hypermedia applications, using Guide 3.1 and ToolBook 1.5 respectively, from the language specialist turned author's standpoint. This empirical approach is aimed at establishing the potential values and perceived limitations of both authoring facilities for the non‐computer specialist, as well as providing domain‐specific recommendations for the optimum delivery of a pedagogically‐sound practice. This study into the effectiveness and adaptability of these two hypermedia environments is entirely based on the design and critical evaluation of the ensuing user‐interface of the twi...

Hypertext, multimedia and hypermedia

Abstract The concepts of hypertext, multimedia and hypermedia are often confused, but can be usefully distinguished with the following definitions: hypertext is text with links, multimedia is synchronized media, and hypermedia is multimedia with links. The computer storage and processing requirements for multimedia are orders of magnitude greater than those for hypertext. Nevertheless, the hypertext model can be extended to deal with hypermedia by including multimedia synchronization capabilities.

On the logic of generalized hypertext

Hypertext is one of those neat ideas in computing that periodically burst upon the scene, quickly demonstrating their usefulness and gaining widespread acceptance. As interesting, useful and exciting as hypertext is, the concept has certain problems and limitations, many of which are widely recognized. In this paper we describe what we call basic hypertext and we present a logic model for it. Basic hypertext should be thought of as a rigorously-presented approximation of first-generation hypertext concepts. Following our discussion of basic hypertext, we present our concept of generalized hypertext, which is aimed at overcoming certain of the limitations of basic hypertext and which we have implemented in a DSS shell called Max. We then present a logic model for browsing in generalized hypertext. This paper is a revised and expanded version of [9].

Hypermedia, multimedia and hypertext: definitions and overview

In this paper I will discuss definitions of hypermedia, multimedia and hypertext. Hypertext is the grouping of relevant information in the form of nodes. These nodes are then connected together through links. In the case of hypertext the nodes contain text or graphics. Multimedia is the combining of different media types for example sound, animation, text, graphics and video for the presentation of information by making use of computers. Hypermedia can be viewed as an extension of hypertext and multimedia. It is based on the concept of hypertext that uses nodes and links in the structuring of information in the system. In this case the nodes consist of all the different data types that are mentioned in the multimedia definition above. The ‘node‐and‐link’ concept is used in organisation of the information in hypermedia systems. The ‘book’ metaphor is an example of the way these systems are implemented. This concept is explained and a few advantages and disadvantages of making use of hypermedia systems are discussed. A new approach for the development of hypermedia systems, namely the knowledge‐based approach is now looked into. Joel Peing‐Ling Loo proposed this approach because he thought that it is the most effective way for handling this kind of technology. A semantic‐based hypermedia model is developed in this approach to formulate solutions for the restrictions in presenting information authoring, maintenance and retrieval. The knowledge‐based presentation of information includes the use of conventional data structures. These data structures make use of frames (objects), slots and the inheritance theory that is also used in expert systems. Relations develop between the different objects as these objects are included in the database. Relations can also exist between frames by means of attributes that belong to the frames.

The METKIT CAI system

The METKIT Computer Aided Instruction (CAI) System primarily addresses software engineers. It supports them directly at their workplace by providing knowledge about the concepts of software engineering measurement on their workstation. The system integrates concepts of hypertext with those of computer aided instruction, providing different types of access to conceptual knowledge about software measurement. Thus, both software engineers with some experience in software measurement and beginners in that domain are adequately supported. The first type of use may freely browse through conceptual knowledge whereas the second will find guidance through that knowledge based on particular learning objectives and didactic strategies.

A hypersimulation‐based learning environment for operator understanding of complex phenomena in power systems

AbstractThis paper proposes a simulation‐based learning environment called hypersimulator, as a thinking tool to enhance operators' understanding of complex phenomena in power systems. The hypersimulator is literally a simulator fused with a concept of hypertext, a personal visual simulator with user interfaces viewing multiple aspects of the phenomena in power systems.In the field of power system engineering, training simulators are used for operators to obtain the so‐called skill‐based and rule‐based expertise of an operation. However, the training simulators are not effective enough to provide knowledge‐based expertise based on deep understanding of a mechanism of complex phenomena. An aim of the hypersimulator is help the novice operator obtain such expertise through examining the phenomena and developing effective mental models (internal models formed in a person's mind) of them. The approach here to designing the system is a user‐centered one based on cognitive science and analysis of characteristics of power system phenomena and operators' ways of thinking.In this paper, first, the characteristics of operators' ways of thinking are analyzed as the preliminary investigation to obtain a basic design concept. Second, the concept and the features of hypersimulator are discussed. Finally, the effectiveness of the system is demonstrated using simulation of phenomena in power systems.

HYPERICONICS: Hypertext and the social construction of information about the history of artistic notions

KO KNOWLEDGE ORGANIZATION , Seite 35 - 46

A Hypersimulation-Based Learning Environment

Hypersimulator SIMPLE is a simulation-based learning environment (Fig. 1) to enhance operators' understanding of dynamics of complex systems, such as electric power systems. The hypersimulator is literally a simulator fused with a concept of hypertext. Our system design approach is an interface-centered approach based on the characteristics of operators' way of thinking and cognitive science.

On Generalizing the Concept of Hypertext

Hypertext has quickly become an established paradigm in the design of information systems. The success of products in the software market, evident benefits as reported by users, and the flowering of related research activity all attest to the significance and staying power of hypertext-rich information systems. Although standard hypertext has a number of unquestioned benefits, the concept also has a number of well-known problems and limitations. This article reviews the main problems and limitations of basic (standard) hypertext that constrain the use of hypertext in practical applications. Further, this article presents and discusses our generalization of the basic hypertext concept, which we call generalized hypertext. These generalizations encompass, among other things, automatic creation of hypertext elements. Generalized hypertext promises to be more powerful than standard hypertext as well as less expensive to implement and maintain. To illustrate these concepts, we describe the implementation of a decision support system currently in use by the U.S. Coast Guard.

Hypercode: The building code as a hyperdocument

The Canadian National Building Code serves as a model document for several other legal documents that govern the construction of buildings, and as such it consists primarily of a list of definitions, prescriptive rules, and performance requirements, and contains cross-references to other legal and quasilegal documents. There are many different users of this document, each using the Code for its own ends. There is also a considerable amount of variance among the individual user groups. The concept of hypertext, developed in late 1930s and mid-1940s, exhibits characteristics that make it an ideal medium for the development of an electronic Code. The National Building Code conceived as a hyperdocument would allow for much greater flexibility in accessing the information contained therein. A HyperCode would also enable users to tailor the document to their specific needs.

Hypertext: Origins and use

This paper is intended to provide a brief introduction to the concept of hypertext illustrated with examples from experimental and operational systems. The origins of the hypertext concept are described and different generic types of hypertext systems outlined. The potential and problems of hypertext are discussed with particular reference to information retrieval.

Enhancing a hypertext application using NLP techniques

Many multimedia applications use the concept of hypertext as a means of relating textual components with associated data in a vanety of media forms. The hypertext concept facilitates one-to-one matching between lexical items (words) in text with equivalences in other data sources. User interface software thus provides access to related data by means of keyword or phrase matching techniques which are essentially lexical in nature. The problem with this approach is that a user is generally presented with a vast amount of information across a wider domain than is really required and which is often difficult to interpret. In this paper, we descnbe four natural language processing (NLP) techniques to improve the quality of the information presented to the user in a hypertext application called CDWord™

Hypertext in an Object-Oriented Programming Environment

This paper describes how hypertext concepts are supported in an object-oriented programming environment. Program fragments and documentation fragments are modelled as objects in an object-oriented programming language and several kinds of links are provided between these objects. Therefore the term hyperobject system is used. The links support document organizational relationships, abstract presentation, annotations, program semantical relationships, and program-documentation relationships.

Hypertext as a means for knowledge acquisition

The most time consuming portion of constructing an expert system is the knowledge acquisition phase. A general knowledge acquisition tool designed around a hypertext concept could allow a knowledge engineer to list important concepts, create nodes attached to these concepts which explain their relevance, connect related concepts by linking their nodes, use graphics to explain difficult concepts, and even critique information entered into the system previously. In such a system, knowledge acquisition would not be confined to linear input of information. The knowledge engineer could use the hypertext system to compile knowledge gathered from an expert after interviewing, or s/he could enter the knowledge into the system as the expert sits there telling her/him what information to encode. The advantage of a hypertext knowledge acquisition tool is that all knowledge relevant to the expert system would be centralized into a hypertext knowledge base which the expert, or experts, can peruse and verify before the knowledge is encoded into a representation scheme. Then when the knowledge engineer does transfer the knowledge into a scheme suitable for use by an expert system, s/he can be sure that the knowledge is complete, sufficient, necessary, and correct.

Collaborative writing with hypertext

The authors introduce the concept of hypertext and focus on how hypertext can facilitate writing activities. A survey of the capabilities of existing hypertext systems and current research activities is included.< <ETX xmlns:mml="http://www.w3.org/1998/Math/MathML" xmlns:xlink="http://www.w3.org/1999/xlink">&gt;</ETX>

Hypermedia and Human-Computer Interaction

This paper discusses the concept of hypertext in relation to the more general concept of hypermedia The need for unified data- and interaction-models for highly interactive systems is addressed. The representation of these models by the use of metaphors is claimed to be an important schema for reducing user interface complexity. The paper outlines a setting for the assessment of different hypertext packages in order to identify central issues to be considered crucial for the human-computer interaction part of these systems.