Concept Of Federalism Research Articles

System federation as means to achieve seamless logistics operations: Implementation gaps and best practices in selected multimodal cases from Greece

Recent research and practice point out to interoperable logistics as the future of system communication in the transport and logistics (T&L) sector. The concept of system federation has been found to foster and accelerate the transition to seamless T&L operations. System federation has been implemented in three multimodal cases in Greece: Port-to-rail international transport, Port-to-road domestic transport, and Vessel-Road-Rail cargo bundling. This paper employs a multiple case study approach to analyze digitalization gaps and federation implementation best practices. As a general conclusion, system federation and digitalization of data exchange interfaces enhanced real-time track and tracing of shipments, as well as the communication between the involved actors in the areas of concern – and especially at the multimodal interfaces where system interoperability has been generally low.

ОСОБЕННОСТИ РЕАЛИЗАЦИИ БЮДЖЕТНО-НАЛОГОВОГО ФЕДЕРАЛИЗМА В РОССИЙСКОЙ ФЕДЕРАЦИИ

The article deals with the economic and legal foundations of budgetary and tax federalism as fundamental principles of organization of the system of state and municipal governance in federal states. The system of distribution of budgetary and tax powers between all levels of government in the course of realization of the budgetary process is studied. The existing uncertainty of interpretations of budgetary and fiscal federalism reduces the possibility of their effective use in the process of developing managerial decisions at all levels of government. The budget model applied in the Russian Federation, based on the constitutional and contractual norms of delimitation of budgetary and tax powers, has distinctive features of the construction and functioning of the budgetary system. This leads to a decrease in the budgetary sustainability of most Russian regions, maintaining a high level of differentiation of the subjects of the Russian Federation in terms of fiscal capacity. The study characterized the main theoretical approaches to the concepts of budgetary and fiscal federalism, analyzed the implementation of the current budgetary and tax mechanism, in the context of existing problems and possible risks of financial sustainability of budgets of the budgetary system.

State and Nation: Shall the Twain Ever Meet?

This article traces the separate trajectories of the Indian state and the Indian nation since independence. The state machinery, largely inherited from colonial times, retained its imperial character, which facilitated the integration of the princely states. The negotiated transfer of power also created the myth that the state was prior to the nation whose sovereign people gave itself a new constitution. The Indian nation, on the other hand, was imagined differently in each regional language. Thus, while there was certainly the concept of an Indian nation, it looked different from each linguistic perspective. Further, the idea of the Indian nation was also contested in each region. This article surveys the political process by which these two trajectories were sought to be united, first in the period of Congress dominance until 1967, then under the authoritarian leadership of Indira Gandhi, followed by the relative loosening of the federal structure in the 1990s, and culminating in the present attempt to impose the Hindu majoritarian conception of the nation, nurtured in particular in the Hindi language, on the Indian nation state. Looking at the forces that oppose this hegemonic attempt, the article argues that only a genuinely federal conception of the nation in which each part is given equal respect can effectively challenge Hindutva hegemony.

ASYMMETRICAL FEDERALISM AND ANTI-FEDERAL SENTIMENT IN MALAYSIA: THE SABAH EXPERIENCE

Federalism is a system of fair and orderly power sharing between the state and federal governments. However, in the case of the Federation of Malaysia, this division is unbalanced and asymmetrical, owing to the fact that Sabah and Sarawak have been given more privileges than other states in Malaya as a condition to join the Federation of Malaysia during its formation on 16 September 1963. These terms were proposed by the Intergovernmental Committee and included in the Malaysia Agreement 1963 (MA63), which was signed on July 9, 1963, in London by the United Kingdom, the Federation of Malaya (Malaya), North Borneo (Sabah), Sarawak, and Singapore. Despite the fact that MA63 and the 20-point Agreement grant Sabah unique privileges, the state has long struggled with federalism issues, giving rise to anti-federal sentiments. Using the concept of asymmetrical federalism as a tool of analysis, this study examines the issues of asymmetrical federalism responsible for the anti-federal sentiment in Sabah. Interviews were used to collect primary data, while sources including books, journals, newspapers and online news were mined for secondary data in this qualitative study. Oil royalties, unequal development between Sabah and the Peninsula, immigration and security threats, Sabah's regional status within Malaysia and Borneonisation were found to be the five main issues that prompted Sabahans to be dissatisfied with the implementation of asymmetrical federalism. The failure of the Sabah and federal governments to address these issues has contributed to the birth of anti-federal sentiment in Sabah.

Anti-Federal Sentiment in Sabah and its Impact on Malaysian Politics

The conflict between the federal government and the state of Sabah has occurred since 1963 stemming from the dissatisfaction of the people of Sabah towards the implementation of their autonomy rights as contained in the 1963 Malaysia Agreement (MA63). This dissatisfaction led to an anti-federal sentiment among the people of Sabah towards the federal government, which threatened the stability of the Federation of Malaysia. Hence, this study examines the factors leading to the emergence of anti-federal sentiment in Sabah and assesses the impact of such sentiment on Malaysian politics utilising the concept of federalism as an analytical tools. The primary source of this artile comprised interviews, whereas books, journals, official government reports, articles and news portals were used as its secondary sources. Findings revealed that the factors promoting the anti-federal sentiment among Sabahans are the dissatisfaction with the implementation of autonomy rights and MA63, the imbalance in infrastructure development, the socio-economic gap between Sabah and the states in the Peninsula, distribution of oil royalties and the presence of illegal immigrants. This anti-federal sentiment has createda strained relationship between the federal government and Sabah, the demand for self-government, the fading of patriotism, the threat to national harmony and unity, the rise of state nationalism and the decline of the people’s nationalism. Consequently, this sentiment threatens the stability of the federation and therefore requires an immediate solution to maintain national unity and sovereignty. Keywords: Federation of Malaysia; Malaysia Agreement 1963; Sabah; state nationalism; anti-federal

The Impact of Digitalization on the Transformation of the Concept of Socio-Economic Federalism

This study of the impact of digitalization on socio-economic federalism covers only certain aspects of this topic. In the article it is noted that digital assistants contribute to significant time savings and ease of use of services related to the sphere of state and municipal government. The possibilities of using digital technologies are leading to the fact that the hierarchical management, typical of classical bureaucracy, is collapsing, but this does not yet mean the failure of paper bureaucracy. At the same time, it is indicated that digital technologies are the tool that allows one to open the axiological gap between the real state of affairs in different regions of the Russian Federation in terms of creating conditions for the realization of socio-economic rights of the individual. The possibilities of differentiation and disproportion in the regulation of various legal relations in the subject of the Russian Federation should be focused on creating equal conditions for achieving one’s own well-being. The scientific novelty of the study lies in the substantiation of the possibility of using digital technologies, which make it possible to more quickly navigate the needs of the inhabitants of a particular region of the country and, using the electronic rule-making tool, contribute to a better law-making process in the subject of the Russian Federation in terms of the regulation of socio-economic rights. The scientific result of the study was a proposal for the gradual, soft introduction of digital technologies on existing portals to improve the well-being of citizens, taking into account their needs.

From the Ivory Tower to the Courtroom: Cooperative Federalism in the Supreme Court of Canada

AbstractThis article provides the first exhaustive quantitative account of the Supreme Court of Canada’s use of the term “cooperative federalism.” We find that cooperative federalism has appeared in twenty-four Supreme Court decisions from 1976 to 2019, and that these decisions have been more likely to favor the federal government than the provinces. Moreover, the Court’s use of the term can be divided between two distinct periods. During the formative period (1976–2009), the Court used the term fairly consistently. From 2010 to 2019, the Court has entered a contested period characterized by split decisions in which the Court is divided over differing conceptions of federalism. As cooperative federalism has transformed from a relatively vague concept into a more substantive constitutional principle, fissures over the term’s application have developed. This article shows how scholarly terminology can have an unexpected and even dispositive effect on judicial decisions, which can reflect uncertainty over how judges understand their institutional role.

An edge abstraction layer enabling federated and hierarchical orchestration of CCAM services in 5G and beyond networks

This paper shows a flexible orchestration solution for deploying Cooperative, Connected, and Automated Mobility (CCAM) services in 5G and beyond networks. This solution is based on the concepts of federation and hierarchy of orchestration functions. The federated approach is leveraged to cope with the differentiated complexity operation when multiple network operators are considered, whereas the hierarchical approach addresses the issue of jointly orchestrating multiple edge platforms in the network of a single operator. In this complex orchestration architecture, the main contribution of this paper consists of the design and implementation of an Abstraction and Adaptation Layer (AAL) for edge clouds, a new component enabling a truly cooperative and coordinated orchestration between different edge systems, characterized by appreciable experimental performance in terms of latency.

Evolving Concept of Federalism in Pakistan: Cooperative Federalism

This paper is an attempt to explore the federal structure(Center-Province Relationship) of Pakistan from a historical perspective and spotlight on how it underwent from a strong centralized federation to a decentralized federal structure after the 18th amendment, which was made in the 1973 constitution during the year 2010. In addition, the focus is made on the controversies on the 18th amendment, although the majority of provinces are of the opposite opinion.The last portion of this piece is devoted to the concept of Cooperative federalism, its evolution and its pros and cons, as is evident in certain countries like USA, Mexico, India and Canada. Can it be a fit model for a polity like Pakistan is a question that invites debate at all levels, especially by political leadership,policymakers, civil society and academia.

European Critical Analytics in Search of Answers to New Challenges

Until today, the European Union (EU) has associated its foreign policy with normative power, which is the main instrument of soſt power. However, the crisis of global governance has affected the global strategy of the EU. The article explores the most pressing of these changes. The research was based on official publications made by various European think tanks and individual analysts. The EU has an effective mechanism for interaction between think tanks and political leaders. As a result, the European analytics can justify various concepts and approaches that later acquire legislative forms. Also, the scientific analytics makes it possible to test the decisions being made. The article focuses on the following EU issues: new strategic culture; geopolitics and normative power in strategic documents; strategic autonomy; differentiation and fragmentation as policy tools; the end of unanimity in making responsible decisions; the concept of pragmatic federalism; military development; the so-called Strategic Compass; the Russian military special operation and the concept of world order, etc.

Cooperative federalism VIS-À-VIS government policies in India

This study is an assessment to understand the current nature of Indian Federalism. The country has various forms of government and works in their respective fields and powers. This article explores the concept and meaning of federalism. Further, it also expresses the policies related to federalism followed by respected governments within the purview of India. The study considers the works of governments, governing powers, and the overall implementation of Central Sponsored Schemes regarding the administration of policy on the part of state governments. It is important to research as there is limited information about the same and it also includes the survey within the country. The object of this research is to determine the actual condition of federalism in the country with special reference to central sponsored schemes. And what else it requires to be better in the same components. The research might help for the betterment of working of the government policies mentioned therein.

An Historical Sketch of the Idea of Caucasian Unity and Common Defense Arrangements

The article provides a preliminary sketch of the idea of Caucasian political unity and common defense arrangements within the Caucasian intellectual tradition. The presentation covers the concepts of centralization, decentralization, confederalism, federalism and regionalism as expressed in the tradition of political thought in the region from the ancient and medieval to the modern period. For the ancient period, I will briefly reference certain recorded tribal alliances or joint defense arrangements, however temporary they may have been. For the medieval period, we will look at the way medieval Georgians perceived the ideal relationship between the different Caucasian nations. For the modern period, we will look at various attempts to mount a regional resistance or stage a regional uprising against the Imperial Russian or Soviet forces as well as review the debates for and against a regional federation for the Caucasus between 1860 and 1921.

THEORETICAL LOGOS OF FISCAL DECENTRALIZATION IN THE CONDITIONS OF PERMANENT TRANSFORMATION OF INTERBUDGETARY RELATIONS

The article examines the essential determinants of decentralization and its main elements. Considerable attention is paid to scientific and theoretical aspects of the impact of fiscal decentralization on local economic development. Priority aspects of realization of bases of fiscal decentralization in the Ukrainian administrative practice are covered. It is proved that the key idea of ​​fiscal decentralization is manifested in the achievement of financial autonomy by local governments through the accumulation of financial resources at a certain level of government. Emphasis is placed on the concept of fiscal federalism and its role in the socio-economic development of administrative entities of unitary states.
 It is argued that the construction of an effective system of inter-budgetary relations should take into account a range of measures to strengthen the own tax potential of the territorial community. It has been established that recently the tax potential of local self-government bodies has been identified by tax capacity at the expense of three taxes: personal income tax, property tax and single tax. The study showed that fiscal decentralization through the prism of tax, budget and debt instruments can provide a favorable socio-economic climate in local communities.
 A structural and logical scheme of the impact of key paradigms of fiscal decentralization on the development of united territorial communities in Ukraine has been built. It is proved that fiscal decentralization in the conditions of divergence of interbudgetary relations can become a catalyst for effective fiscal stimulus policy, as delegation of budgetary powers to lower levels, while improving the efficiency of budgetary resources, will allow more fully and regionally respond to regional development and local needs.

The Development of Federalism as a Concept and State-Legal Formation in the Light of an Integrative Approach

In the context of modern globalization, the task of clarifying the role of the federalism idea as a conceptual level of cognition in the context of the formation of new forms of state-legal education becomes urgent. The most important prerequisite here is a theoretical and methodological solution to the problem of federalism as a concept involving the consideration of its historical understanding and the solution of issues of federalism as a state-legal formation (practice) inextricably linked with the genesis of the federalism concept. Hence, the main purpose of the study is to investigate the stages of the federalism concept formation and discloses the historical features of its practical implementation. Two opposing principles of federalism (integrative and disintegrative) are defined and the promising outlook of its research from the perspective of an integrative approach is shown.

Russian version of cultural federalism

This article proposes a vision of the idea of “cultural federalism” contributing to the stability of ethnic culture in the era of assimilation by mass culture and global unification, revitalizing the meanings of modernity, enriching the multinational synergy of Russian culture, overcoming capitalist alienation and disintegration of multiculturalism. Methods of analysis and comparison are used in ethnocultural dynamics, mastering such symbolic conquests as “federalism” in the paradigm of modernity, which fits into the process of ethnocultural modernization. The novelty of the work lies in the substantiation of the concept of cultural federalism vs ethnic federalism, as the most appropriate for the modern cultural situation in Russia, the cultural capital of which is multinational and, accordingly, the effect of “Russian multiculturalism” that can oppose secession with an integration trend, reanimate the cooperative effect of the interaction of cultural programs, their complementarity. The authors are interested in the dialectical self-development of historical and cultural differences of the subjects of the federation entering the era of natural modernization, reflected in the ethnic cultural renaissance of the present. The idea of cultural federalism contributes to the development of the Russian national idea, the absence of which reduces the effect of national consolidation and socio-economic development. It is proposed as a tool for solving the problem of "sleeping federalism" and the dialectical contradiction between the form and content of the present state of ethnic federalism.

The Factor of Sustainability of Ethnic Culture in the Global World: To the Concept of Cultural Federalism

The article proposes the concept of cultural federalism, which contributes to the sustainability of ethnic cultures in the era of global unification. The new understanding of federalism revives the meanings of modernity, contributing to the synergy of Russia’s multinational culture, overcoming alienation, and disintegration of multiculturalism.The novelty of the topic lies in the substantiation of the concept of cultural federalism vs ethno-federalism. The concept is adequate to the cultural situation of modern Russia, its multinational cultural capital, capable of countering the secession with the integration model of interaction and mutual enrichment of cultural programs. The cultural federalism contributes to the development of a national Russian idea, the absence of which reduces the effect of national consolidation and nation-building.The proposed concept serves as a tool for resolving the contradiction between the form and content of the “sleeping” ethnic federalism. The article considers the dialectical self-development of the federation subjects entering the era of organic socio-cultural modernization. This is expressed by the ethno-cultural renaissance in the field of art. Thus, the ethno-modern in the art of Yakutia demonstrates productivity, ensuring the sustainability of the ethnic cultures of the North-East of Russia from the erosion of their moral and spiritual foundations.

Federation in Dynamic Environments: Can Blockchain Be the Solution?

Deploying multi-domain network services is becoming a need for operators. However, achieving that in a real operational environment is not easy and requires the use of federation. Federation is a multi-domain concept that enables the use and orchestration of network services/resources to/from external administrative domains. In this article, we first characterize the federation concept and involved procedures, and then dive into the challenges that emerge when federation is performed in dynamic environments. To tackle these challenges, we propose the application of blockchain technology, identifying some associated high-level benefits. Last, we validate our proposed approach by conducting a small experimental scenario using Tendermint, an application-based blockchain.

Concept of federalism in India and the USA

Concept of federalism in India and the USA

ТЕОРЕТИЧЕСКАЯ КОНСТРУКЦИЯ ПРОСТРАНСТВЕННОЙ МОДЕЛИ ЭКОНОМИЧЕСКОГО ФЕДЕРАЛИЗМА

The processes of the economic space reforming, considering regional interests, entail the transformation of the socio-economic systems of territories and give rise to an aggravation of contradictions between the central government and the subnational entities of the country, what requires theoretical understanding of the problems and expanding the theory of the economic mechanism of federative relations. The purpose of the article is to specify and substantiate the concept of the economic federalism, considering the heterogeneity of regions, the need for spatial connectivity and cohesion of territories. The main constructive provisions of the spatial economic federalism are highlighted: the integrating role of the public sector as an institutional construct and an economic actor; the need for connectivity and cohesion of heterogeneous (territorial, governing and economic) spaces of interaction of entities of federative relations; combination of universal and adaptive parts in the institutional model of economic federalism. A methodology has been developed and tested for comparing the consistency of the economic interests of entities of federative relations in the Russian Federation, both in the context of regions and territorial zones of different functional status (centers of economic growth, geostrategic territories, etc.). The identified trends of better consistency of interests within the territorial zones structure allow us to justify the need for a new strategic format and the application of the specificity of the support measures in the territorial-functional context, the combination of universal and space-oriented tools, what would ensure the coherence of space in the Russian model of economic federalism.

Evropské paralely pro scestí a selhání federalistického myšlení v prostoru bývalého Československa

This paper is based on Constantin Frantz’s concept of a true “federation for citizens”. Frantz’s concept has been misunderstood and neglected by a large part of the persons involved in constitutional thinking in the mid 19th century Bohemia and Upper Hungary, that is, the territories of today’s Czech and Slovak Republics. The result of that neglect and misunderstanding was delusion. The Czech Faculty of Law at Charles University in Prague became a stronghold of dogmatic centralist thinking; it found itself in conflict with other university faculties in interwar Czechoslovakia. With the take over of the Communist Party in February 1948, critical federalist thinking vanished, as a result of government domestic policy. After August 1968, critical federalist thinking as a concept of federation ceased to exist, since the concept ‘federation’ was bereft of its true sense. This resulted in the painful lack of understanding of the inherent problems of federalism and decentralisation in the early 1990s.