Concept Of Exclusion Research Articles

Revisiting the Role of Neighbourhood Change in Social Exclusion and Inclusion of Older People

Objective. To explore how older people who are “aging in place” are affected when the urban neighbourhoods in which they are aging are themselves undergoing socioeconomic and demographic change. Methods. A qualitative case study was conducted in two contrasting neighbourhoods in Montréal (Québec, Canada), the analysis drawing on concepts of social exclusion and attachment. Results. Participants express variable levels of attachment to neighbourhood. Gentrification triggered processes of social exclusion among older adults: loss of social spaces dedicated to older people led to social disconnectedness, invisibility, and loss of political influence on neighbourhood planning. Conversely, certain changes in a disadvantaged neighbourhood fostered their social inclusion. Conclusion. This study thus highlights the importance of examining the impacts of neighbourhood change when exploring the dynamics of aging in place and when considering interventions to maintain quality of life of those concerned.

Evaluating contemporary social exclusion in Europe: a hierarchical latent class approach

In recent years, the concept of social exclusion has received a renewed attention in scientific research, as well as in politics. In this contribution we propose a hierarchical Latent Class (LC) model for the analysis of differences and similarities about experiences and perceptions of social exclusion among European regions. Social exclusion is a situation that affects individuals, and derives from a multidimensional deprivation in several domains of life. In particular, we identify and define an economic, a social and an institutional dimension. The LCs, which structure the individuals with respect to a set of observed indicators, represent different typologies of social exclusion at individual level according to the three identified dimensions. The regional differences in the latent variable distribution are modeled following a nonparametric approach for the random effects. This multilevel extension leads to the identification of a typology of regions, allowing different social exclusion structures to stand out for different European areas. The hierarchical latent class approach proves to be profitable in investigating the relevance of different risk factors of social exclusion and their relationships, and in verifying whether, and to what extent, the same risks and disadvantages determine the same perception of marginalization and exclusion in different political, economic, social and cultural contexts. The analysis is carried out using the 56.1-2001 Eurobarometer Survey, which focused on poverty and social exclusion situations, from both a subjective and an objective point of view.

Critical Reflections on a Social Inclusion Approach for an Ageing Australia

While social exclusion has been identified as a major issue facing older Australians, it has not yet been identified as a priority area for Australian social policy on ageing. This paper critically examines the concept of social exclusion and the issues and challenges in applying a social inclusion approach to social work practice for Australia's ageing population. By critically examining the circumstances underpinning practices of social exclusion and highlighting the complexity of applying a social inclusion approach to ageing issues, this paper outlines the emerging issues and challenges for social workers in adopting a social inclusion approach to ageing issues in the Australian context. The analysis identifies a number of key issues that need to be addressed by service providers committed to redressing social exclusion in later life, including: economic deprivation, cumulative disadvantages, social participation and civic engagement, and cultural recognition.

Periferní oblasti jižních Čech a jejich sociálně populační stabilita

In this article the authors identify peripheral municipalities and peripheral areas in the South Bohemian region (county) and monitor their social-population instability. Poor accessibility to micro-regional cores by public transport was used as the criterion to define municipalities as peripheral. Peripheral areas. Seven state-border, six county-border and nine intra-county peripheral areas were delimited in the South Bohemian region. Consequently, the authors monitored the differences between peripheral areas and their types and between peripheral municipalities, semi-peripheral municipalities, suburban municipalities and micro-regional cores (towns) on the basis of dissimilar values of defined indicators of social-population instability. Such differences are also explained in terms of the concept of spatially conditioned social exclusion. The authors defined and used some basic socio-economic indicators in their research: index of population development between 1971 and 2009 and between 1990 and 2009; proportion of the population in the age groups 0-14 and 65+ in 2009; rate of registered unemployment in 2009; proportion of the population with the secondary school-leaving examination in 2001; number of flats built per 1000 inhabitants between 2000 and 2008. Social-population instability was found mainly in county-border peripheral areas and also in a number of state-border peripheral areas. The authors also examined regional social policies for peripheral municipalities and peripheral areas. In the article's theoretical discussion, and to explain regional social policies for peripheral municipalities and areas, the authors draw on the concept of social exclusion and distinguish spatially unconditioned social exclusion and spatially conditioned social exclusion, which includes social exclusion that results from living in peripheral municipalities and areas.

Making the connections between transport disadvantage and the social exclusion of low income populations in the Tshwane Region of South Africa

To date, the majority of studies which consider transport from a social exclusion perspective have been conducted in the context of the developed world where both income poverty and lack of transport are relative rather absolute states. In a unique departure from these previous studies, this paper explores the relationship between transport and social disadvantage in the development context, the key difference being that income poverty is absolute and where there is much lower access to both private and public transportation generally. Thus, it seeks to explore whether the concept of social exclusion remains valid, when it is the majority of the population that is experiencing transport and income poverty compared with the minority who do so in advanced economies.The paper is based on a scoping study for the Republic of South Africa Department of Transport (RSA DOT), which primarily involved focus group discussions with a range of socially deprived urban and peri-urban population groups living in the Tshwane region of South Africa. In a second departure from previous studies which consider transport and social disadvantage in the development context, the study takes a primarily urban focus. The rationale for this is that theoretically low income urban settlements do not suffer from the lack of transport infrastructure and motorised transport services in the way that more remote rural areas do. The policy issue is therefore less a question of addressing a deficit in supply and more one of addressing particular aspects of public transit service failure, which are more readily amenable to relatively low cost, manageable, small-scale national and local policy interventions.A primary aim for the study was to reinvigorate cross-government debate of these issues in the hope of breaking South African government’s long-standing and persistent policy inertia in the delivery of equitable and socially sustainable urban transport systems.

Exclusión, Poder y Relaciones Sociales

This article inquires about the relationship between social exclusion, social relations and power. Presents a discussion about the concept of social exclusion, the idea of ​​interface analysis and culture.

Exclusión discursiva. Hacia un nuevo concepto de la exclusión social

The term “social exclusion” has been converting into a buzzword in European social sciences in the last decade. But the double use of the notion, as a concept of social politics as well as a sociological concept is producing a blurring of its contents. The aim of this article is to offer an approach which is able to satisfy the theoretic requirements for an analytical sociological concept by making use of the concept of discursive exclusion. Therefore the text develops the notion of discursive exclusion based on the most recent findings about sociological discourse theory and its contributions to the understanding of the construction of social reality. The process of social exclusion has to be understood in the context of its discursive production but also has to go beyond language. The approach will be exemplified by a case study about the exclusion of migrants in Spain.

In situ SAXS under shear unveils the gelation of aqueous starch suspensions and the impact of added amylose–lipid complexes

The gelation of heat-treated, aqueous starch suspensions has been explained either in terms of a nanoscopic amylose aggregation or a fractal-like phase separation. These concepts, as well as the supporting experimental evidence, at first sight seem incompatible. The present study exploits rheometry in combination with in situ small angle X-ray scattering and clearly points to creation of finely dispersed, elongated nano-objects when a starch gel is formed in the presence of shear forces. These objects are interpreted as aggregated amylose double helices that provide the system with physical, intermolecular crosslinks. Increasing the aggregate size and concentration increases the gel storage modulus. The gelation process is enhanced in the presence of amylose–lipid complexes as, during heating, short amylose fragments are liberated from these complexes that, upon cooling, promote amylose aggregation and thus gel formation. When shearing is stopped, the aggregates promptly grow and agglomerate into larger fractal objects resulting in an increased gel stiffness. The present work thus suggests that small scale amylose aggregation and the formation of fractal phases have to be considered as subsequent events rather than as mutually exclusive concepts. Finally, it is argued that size-induced polymorphic changes may also contribute to the starch gel stiffness.

North West Recovery Forum: Recovery and Harm Reduction, the Odd Couple of Drug Treatment?

Harm reduction and recovery are not mutually exclusive concepts, and it is perfectly possible to build a recovery orientation into or onto an existing harm-reduction-oriented treatment structure. This short article chronicles the work of the North West Recovery Forum in England in bringing together treatment providers and purchasers, community activists, international recovery experts, and people in recovery to move treatment services toward a recovery vision and grow recovery-friendly communities.

Explaining Social exclusion: Towards Social Inclusion for Indigenous Australians

Current policy often focuses on ‘Overcoming Indigenous Disadvantage’ by simultaneously addressing multiple deficits that many Indigenous people experience relative to other Australians. International literature often frames such issues in terms of the contested concepts of social exclusion and social inclusion. This paper attempts to analyse what Indigenous social inclusion might look like in a plural society such as Australia. In addition to contextualising Australian policy in broader debates, this paper also briefly introduces several relevant theories of justice, diversity and Indigenous rights to provide a theoretical framework for conceptualising social inclusion. The article concludes with some reflections on some practical suggestions to move the debate forward. In principle, enhancing Indigenous social and political participation in policy design should both increase inclusion and reduce disadvantage by enhancing the effectiveness of programs that have a substantial Indigenous client base.

Economic perspectives on social exclusion

In this paper some economic perspectives on social exclusion are presented. The perspectives come from traditional areas of economics, especially human capital theory, and from the new area of behavioural economics, especially present bias and the status externality. They show that happiness, human capital and individual choice can yield insights for the study of social exclusion. The economic perspectives discussed in this paper can help respond to the suggestion by Mary Daly and Hilary Silver to move beyond the concept of social exclusion to a “fully‐articulated theory” of social exclusion. Furthermore they support the judgement of Ruth Levitas that in the public debate there is inadequate pressure for redistribution, excessive moral blame placed on the socially excluded, and an excessive concern for labour force participation at the expense of non‐market activity, as expressed in her development and discussion of the RED‐MUD‐SID framework of discourses.

Use of Species Other than Oak to Flavor Wine: An Exploratory Survey

The concept of geographical exclusivity prompted an exploratory survey with toasted woods other than oak to flavor wine. A total of 11 woods and oak (Quercus alba) were cut into chips 20 × 10 × 2.5 mm and toasted at 200 °C for 2 h (light toast) or 210 °C for 3 h (dark). Weight losses and changes in CIE color space were monitored. The toasted chips were infused in unoaked chardonnay (5 g L(-1)) for 2 wk. Parallel infusions were done with model wine (water, ethanol, tartaric acid) adjusted to pH 3.5. Ultraviolet absorbances due to infusion were recorded on the basis that that lignin compounds and their potential pyrolysates are based on phenolic structures that absorb in the ultraviolet range. Weight losses on light and dark toasting were highly variable between species as were color changes, suggesting potential for different flavor outcomes from chemical changes. Ultraviolet absorbance curves were also highly variable showing that different species yielded different quantities of potentially flavor-active phenolic compounds in real and model wine. More absorbing matter was extracted from the light toast treatments, and light toast oak, which demonstrated the greatest weight loss on light toasting, yielded the widest range of ultraviolet-absorbing matter. In an informal sensory trial with the 24 species/toast combinations infused in chardonnay all but one wood, Cupressus macrocarpa, resulted in flavors reminiscent of oaked wines. A hedonic consumer trial with 4 species and oak compared with uninfused chardonnay showed that each of the 4 had potential as a flavorant. Thus, woods unsuited to barrel construction could provide unrealized flavor opportunities in the wine industry, and could extend to flavoring spirits.

Verschluss des Herzohrs zur Schlaganfallprophylaxe

90 % of thromboembolisms in patients with non-valvular atrial fibrillation are thought to arise from the left atrial appendage (LAA). Anticoagulation with Vitamin-K-antagonist is the current gold standard in stroke prevention. In recent years, several interventional devices have been developed to exclude the LAA and thus to minimize the risk of stroke. The present article reviews the problem, the concept, the technique and clinical efficacy of interventional LAA exclusion.

A Study on Social Exclusion in Urban Nepal

An increase of inmigrants has changed compositions of the dwelling patterns of Kathmandu. Its old city core was originally dominated by an ethnic group called Newar—indigenous people of Kathmandu valley. ‘Cultural diversity accommodating people from all over Nepal’ is often naively appreciated as positive character of Kathmandu without closely examining whether the non-Newar tenants really participate in the activities of their host communities with their cultural identities not being denied but respected. This article examines relationships between non-Newar tenants and their host communities. It presents how development agencies should apply the concept of social exclusion in carrying out their activities effectively in urban communities. The present scenario—development by/for Newar owners are not sustainable due to increasing out-migration of Newar. Therefore, it is high time to start inclusive development for all including non-Newar tenants.

Interpreting Novalis’ Fichte-Studien

The recent philosophical interpretations of Novalis have argued that the so-called Fichte-Studien, notes taken during Novalis’ study of Fichte (1795-1796), are the most important contribution to philosophical Romanticism. These notes, however, are often contradictory and incoherent. Thus, in the Fichte-Studien, one can locate two mutually exclusive conceptions of being and of the Status of being. Furthermore, the Fichte-Studien do not appear to provide a unique understanding of the meaning and role of the work of art, as many scholars have argued. Therefore, although the Fichte-Studien provide valuable insights into the direction of Novalis’ thought, they cannot be understood as providing a consistent and philosophically-cohesive worldview, but must be read alongside and in relation to Novalis’ later writings.

How Can Social Enterprise Address Disadvantage? Evidence from an Inner City Community

This article examines the potential impact of social enterprise on disadvantage. The case study research involved participant observation over a 2-year period. Selection of cases was based on a preliminary typology for social enterprise and disadvantage was conceptualized using the European concept of social exclusion. This sees exclusion as multidimensional and relative to the standards of the society in which a person lives. The existing research literature suggests that the aggregate economic impact of social enterprise upon exclusion is marginal. This is a consequence of a mismatch between policy expectations and what is happening in the field. This study found that different forms of social enterprise impacted on exclusion in different ways. This article outlines these different impacts in order to open up a more balanced perspective on the potential and limitation of social enterprise in combating disadvantage.

Constructions of Social Exclusion Among Young People From Interface Areas of Northern Ireland

The concept of social exclusion has attracted considerable interest and debate over the past 20 years. It is a multifaceted concept, which has been delineated in a variety of ways by different theorists. This article explores the main defining features of social exclusion, and proceeds to investigate the extent to which these are manifested in practice, in relation to the lived experiences of young people from deprived interface areas of Belfast. These young people are at the cutting edge of the divisions that have blighted Northern Ireland society. This qualitative study used interviews, firstly to ascertain the views of the young people themselves, and, secondly, to gauge the perceptions of community group leaders, training providers and employers who deal closely with them. Marked differences were found between the young people and the adult groups in relation to the social construction of exclusion and its impact on the young people.

Allegories of Reason: Eurocentrism and Native Philosophical Resistance

‘Eurocentrism’ is claimed to epitomize a certain philosophical worldview and, in particular, to propagate an exhaustive as well as exclusive conception of ‘reason’ and thus by extension of ‘philosophy’. Philosophical Eurocentrism is seen as a hegemonic attempt to suppress other philosophical percepts and precepts and subsume all other perspectives into one vast, boundless mass: that is, a homogenization and effacement of difference that would ultimately culminate in the philosophical annihilation of ‘the other’. Accordingly, anti‐Eurocentric intellectuals have been motivated to reclaim reason and philosophy from the philosophical imperialism of Eurocentrism and thereby to advance the cause of philosophical regionalism. This proclivity for philosophical provincialism has been most pronounced in the attempts to forge ‘native’ philosophical systems of thought and ideas. The purpose of this paper is, therefore, to examine the following questions: (1) what is Eurocentric reason or philosophy?, and (2) can reason or philosophy be contextualized in terms of continental contours and cultural confines? To give a concrete base to the discussion, the questions are examined in the context of the recent attempts by Caribbean thinkers to construct national and regional philosophical edifices.

Continuity and change in a qualitative longitudinal study of fatherhood: relevance without responsibility

Issues of time and change are foregrounded in qualitative longitudinal research (QLL1) and are considered here in the context of contemporary fatherhood. From a wider sample of 46 men interviewed as part of the QLL Timescapes network, we draw on two case studies of men who became fathers for the first time in 2000. This paper considers the men’s relationship to involvement and the linked concepts of exclusion and redundancy, terms which emerged from the data and changed over time in the men’s accounts. We seek to emphasise the value of QLL methods for providing a more complex understanding of the lived experience of life transitions and their longer‐term implications, contrasting this with existing studies offering a ‘snapshot’ approach.

On Becoming Citizens: Examining Social Inclusion from an Information Perspective

Increasing participation in social, economic, and community life is considered to be one of the defining principles of an inclusive society and a key aspiration for the Australian Federal Government. Central to this principle is the ability to build the capacity of individuals and groups to develop connectedness, and to engage in decision-making. Participation such as this improves individual well-being and the well-being and prosperity of the communities in which individuals learn, work and play. A prerequisite for participation, inclusion, and informed citizenship is the ability to develop knowledge from information about the social, economic, and community dimensions through which modern Australian society is constituted. While the concept of social inclusion is broad and extends to all sectors of the Australian community, this paper focuses on a particular sector of Australian society – new arrivals, termed settlers1 - and explores the concepts of social inclusion and exclusion and information poverty. It then describes research currently under development which will examine how settlers reconcile their own cultural information practices and understandings about information with their experiences in their adopted country.