Ethical Concepts Research Articles

Konsep Etis Religius dengan Pendekatan Maqashid Syariah Perspektif Thaha Abd Al-Rahman

This study aims to understand and analyze the concept of religious ethics in the Maqasid al-Shariah approach according to Thaha Abd al-Rahman. The method used is a qualitative method with a philosophical approach and textual analysis. Data were collected through literature studies, interviews, and document analysis. The results of this research indicate that the thoughts of Thaha Abd Al-Rahman provide valuable contributions to the development of a contextual, ethical, and relevant Islamic paradigm for the current era. By integrating alternative modernity concepts, belief as a foundation, religious ethics, and maqasid shariah, Taha Abd Al-Rahman forms a solid foundation for the realization of a just, equitable, and ethical society in the modern era. The implication of this research is that the concept of religious ethics in the Maqasid al-Shariah approach by Taha Abd al-Rahman can be a guide for Muslims in their daily lives. It is recommended that educational institutions, both formal and informal, introduce this concept to the community to improve their understanding of religious ethics in Islam.

An attempt at an evaluation of Philippa Foot’s conception of naturalistic virtue ethics

In this article I present subsequent stages of the evolution of Ph. Foot’s conception. I point out that her concepts of morality, virtue and justice are detached from earlier visions of the world (ancient harmony, Christian divine order). At each stage of the evolution of her project, she is forced either to make arbitrary decisions or to make metaphysical assumptions. I emphasize that biological references in justifying the need for morality may be legitimate as long as we understand ethics as a practical science that aims to achieve practical goals (including the protection of the human species).

Advertising and Campaign Props in the Perspective of Enviromental Ethics in West Aceh

Installation of advertisements and campaign props on trees in West Aceh Regency has begun because the 2024 election campaign. It is suspected to be done because the wider community can easily see them and not require expensive promotional costs. West Aceh Regency Qanun has regulated the provisions prohibiting the installation of symbols, flags, banners, and other attributes in certain places. This study aims to find out and explain the suitability of West Aceh Regency Qanun Number 3 of 2021 with the concept of environmental ethics, find out the basis for exceptions to the installation of advertisements and campaign props on trees can be done with the permission of the Regent and find out how law enforcement against violations of the use of trees as a place to install advertisements and campaign props in West Aceh Regency. This study is an empirical juridical study with a prescriptive method that uses library research as secondary data and field study conducted to obtain primary data through interviews and FGDs with informants. The results show that Article 15, paragraphs (1) and (2) of West Aceh Qanun Number 3 of 2021 still need to follow environmental ethics. Hence, it creates a biased interpretation of whether or not the installation of advertisements and campaign props on tree media certainly impacts the emergence of inconsistencies. Keywords: Advertisement, Campaign Props, Tree, Environmental Ethics

Bioethics curriculum for undergraduate medical students: an evaluation study utilizing mixed methods approach

BackgroundThe undergraduate bioethics curriculum introduced in a private medical college in Pakistan in 1988 and revised in 2009 has evolved over time to incorporate globally relevant innovations, including integration of bioethics spirally within an existing problem-based learning curricular framework. The present evaluation study shares the results of this integrated bioethics curriculum delivered for 10 years across the five-year undergraduate medical curriculum. The study assessed the effectiveness of the curriculum in terms of student achievement, appropriateness of course contents and efficiency of instructional methods.MethodsThe study utilized a mixed method sequential explanatory design. The quantitative method was used in the first phase to gather data by utilizing a structured online questionnaire. This was followed by the second phase of qualitative methods to explain the findings of the first phase and enrich the data gathered. This phase was based on focus group discussions and document review.ResultsStudent and faculty responses showed the curriculum contents to be relevant, informative, and appropriate as per learning objectives and student achievement. Multi-modal instructional methods used were stated to be effective and engaging; small group teaching and shorter sessions suggested to be preferable for fostering discussion and maintaining student engagement and attention. Large class formats were stated to be less effective. Students affirmed the contribution of bioethics education to their personal and professional development and ethical positioning. The majority of students agreed that the curriculum contributed to their knowledge acquisition (60.3—71.2%), skill development (59.41—60.30%) and demonstration of ethical/professional behavior (62.54—67.65%). The ranges indicate agreement with related sets of questions.Participants suggested that the curriculum could be further strengthened by better integration in clinical years, role modelling and providing opportunities for application in clinical health care settings. Moreover, topics like ethical issues related to the use of social media, public health ethics and ethics and law were suggested as additions to the existing curriculum. These findings have regional and global relevance for the development and assessment of effective bioethics curricula.ConclusionAn effective bioethics curriculum for undergraduate medical education should run longitudinally across the 5 year curriculum and be integrated in the modules and clerkships. Basic acquisition of knowledge and skills takes place in Years 1 & 2 with reinforcement and application in Years 3–5. Learning embedded in an integrated curriculum can help students recognize, critically analyze and address ethical dilemmas. Involvement and commitment of the clinical faculty is essential for reinforcing the ethical principles and concepts learnt in the earlier years.

Contribution of ethical reasoning learning sessions on medical training.

Ethical reasoning is an important skill for all physicians who often face complex ethical dilemmas in their daily practice. Therefore, medical training should include methods for learning ethical theories and concepts, as well as how to apply them in practical situations. Assess the contribution of an Ethical Reasoning Learning session to fifth medical students' training through a comparison of results of the same objective and structured clinical examination (OSCE) in the form of simulated interview before and after sessions. Four 45- minutes' sessions of Ethical Reasoning Learning (ERL) were implemented during a psychiatry internship for four groups of 5th-year students of the faculty of medicine of Monastir (Tunisia). Each session was divided into 7 parts: introduction, reading of a clinical vignette, brainstorming concerning the problems posed by this clinical situation, classification of the problems, identification of the principles of medical ethics, construction of the ethical matrix, and a conclusion. Fifty-seven students participated in the study divided into 4 groups. We found a significant difference in the means of the OSCE scores before and after the ERL session and a significant difference between the probability of respecting medical secrecy during pre and post-ethical reasoning learning sessions (p <0.001). We have found an effect of ERL sessions on the acquisition of this ethical competence by medical students. We learned that an ERL session has improved medical training in ethics applied to psychiatry. Other sessions dealing with other ethical skills are necessary to confirm these results.

Metz’s conception of African communal ethics, global economic practices and decolonisation

Metz holds that we can use African communal ethics to constitute global economic practices such as appropriation, production, distribution and consumption in such a way that promotes harmonious relations. In this article, I will show that Metz’s reformist approach to constituting the global economic practices is problematic as it fails to deal with the fundamental problem that pertains to a racialised world order that is structurally configured by coloniality of being. I will show that reformist approaches such as Metz’s use of African communal ethics to constitute global economic practices in a way that promotes harmonious relations are undesirable attempts that are opposed and curtailed by a structural racialised logic/ontology of the world that governs and supervises the evolution of the world economic structures and practices in a way which undermines harmonious relations and in a way which causes economic marginalisation and impoverishment of historically disadvantaged indigenous Africans.

The Integration Transfer of Knowledge and Transfer of Value in The Book Ta’līm al-Muta’allim Written By Syaikh Az-Zarnuji

Moral education is one of the most important parts of Islamic teachings. Islamic teachings oblige all adherents to seek knowledge, and one of the most prioritized knowledge is ilmu al-hāl. This study aims to reveal the concept of ethics in seeking knowledge and the integration between transfer of knowledge and the transfer of value based on the book of Ta’līm al-Muta’allim written by Syaikh Az-Zarnuji. This study uses qualitative research methods that focus on library research. Sources of data used include the book Ta’līm al-Muta'alim as a primary data source and related journal articles as a source of supporting data. The data analysis process uses the content analysis method, which includes: (1) Identifying and describing; (2) interpreting and analyze; (3) drawing conclusions. The results showed that Syaikh Az-Zarnuji in his book Ta’līm al-Muta’allim emphasized that education is not only a place to increase intellectual knowledge and skills, but the most important thing in the educational process is the value transfer process in order to improve the morals and behavior of students. This is reflected in the concepts of education in the book Ta’līm al-Muta’allim whose contents do not only discuss education as a means of knowledge transfer (transfer of knowledge), but also emphasizes the educational process as a transfer of moral values and goodness (transfer of values).

Introduction to ethics in ethnography: The practical politics of predictability

This introduction to the ‘Ethics in ethnography’ special issue analyzes a crisis facing anthropology and especially ethnography, its primary research method. It highlights how an outdated and parochial ethics model, strengthened by fears of litigation and simplistic views of ethnographic research, threatens the spontaneity and investigative freedom necessary to the method's exploratory character. Contributors to the discussion explore the spectrum of strategies – from compromise to confrontation – for addressing the challenges posed by the bureaucratic oversight of ethics, unrealistic expectations of predictability in fieldwork, the impact of legitimate post‐colonial critique and funding constraints on research freedom. They variously address the arbitrariness of bureaucratic procedures and the potential stifling of anthropological enquiry under the guise of ethical oversight. Drawing on the range of experience in anthropology and related fields represented here, the introduction opens the collection with a call to maintain ethical sensitivity while challenging attempts to police fieldwork using inappropriate conceptions of science and ethics.

Navigating Care Refusal and Noncompliance in Patients with Opioid Use Disorder

BackgroundFor many emergency physicians (EPs), deciding whether or not to allow a patient suffering the ill effects of opioid use to refuse care is the most frequent and fraught situation in which they encounter issues of decision-making capacity, informed refusal, and autonomy. Despite the frequency of this issue and the well-known impacts of opioid use disorder on decision-making, the medical ethics community has offered little targeted analysis or guidance regarding these situations. DiscussionAs a result, EPs demonstrate significant variability in how they evaluate and respond to them, with highly divergent understandings and application of concepts such as decision-making capacity, informed consent, autonomy, legal repercussions, and strategies to resolve the clinical dilemma. In this paper, we seek to provide more clarity to this issue for the EPs. ConclusionsSuccessfully navigating this issue requires that EPs understand the specific effects that opioid use disorder has on decision-making, and how that in turn bears on the ethical concepts of autonomy, capacity, and informed refusal. Understanding these concepts can lead to helpful strategies to resolve these commonly-encountered dilemmas.

Semantics and structure of the concept of “Bogatyrstvo” in epics and modern linguistic consciousness

The subject of the study is the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" and its structural and semantic features. Bogatyrstvo is inextricably linked with the hero and with the plot of epics. In epics, it is perceived as a concept-script, that is, it is formed in the process of the entire narrative. However, the original structure of the concept is presented as a conceptual field of meanings inscribed in a more complex structural formation – the ethical concept of "Courage". The relevance of the research is dictated by the high precedent of the name of the concept and its dominant verbalizers. The semantic field of the concept is explored in etymological, historical and topical layers. The main semantic load of the etymological layer of the concept is formed in the Church Slavonic language. The historical layer is vividly represented in the dictionaries of the XIX and XX centuries, the latter captures the limitation of the "existence" of the concept by the genre of epic. The actual layer is revealed in the process of studying the consciousness of modern students. The purpose of the article is to identify the reference points (slots) that formed the basis of the concept. A special contribution of the authors and the novelty of the study is the conduct of a semantic experiment, which established that in the minds of modern native speakers, the concept Bogatyrstvo, for which analysis methods were used (analysis of dictionary definitions and contextual analysis of epics), semantic analysis (the "supporting" semantic shares of the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" were identified, their key verbalizers were highlighted) and the method of semantic experiment to identify the modern perception of the concept. The main conclusions of the study: 1) the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" has a static frame structure and a field structure, including slots "spiritual strength" and "physical strength". Spiritual strength lies in the constant readiness to stand up for the motherland as a manifestation of true courage and heroism; in the fate of the hero-defender, ordained from above; in the Christian faith. The physical strength of the hero is, as it were, the personification of the whole strength of the Russian people, given by God. 2) These slots are present in the epics in the dynamic structure of the script: the slot "physical force" unfolds to the whole epic action; the slot "spiritual force" is expressed through the entire epic narrative – this is the very motivation for action. A special contribution of the authors and the novelty of the study is the conduct of a semantic experiment, which established that in the minds of modern native speakers, the concept of "Bogatyrstvo" is presented statically and includes both slots, with the predominance of the slot "spiritual power".

Ethics of Permission in Al-Qur'an Guidance: Dr. Perspective Abdul Hayy Al-farmawi in the Maudu'i Tafsir Method

This research explores the ethical concept of permission in the Qur'an from the perspective of Dr. Abdul Hayy Al-farmawi through the Maudu'i interpretation approach. In his analysis, permission ethics is not only seen as etiquette, but as a reflection of awareness of the rights and obligations between individuals. Dr. Abdul Hayy emphasized that permission reflects recognition of the existence of God as the giver of rights. Education about consent ethics is emphasized as something that must be taught from an early age, and its relevance in the modern digital era is also discussed. This research also compares Dr. Abdul Hayy with the views of other scholars such as Al-Ghazali, Ibn Sa'di, and others through a comparison table. The research results show that understanding the ethics of permits has deep implications in building harmonious social relations and respect for human rights

Implementasi Konsep Etika Peserta Didik Menurut KH. Hasyim Asy’ari Dalam Kitab Adabul Alim Wal Muta’alim

The purpose of this study is to find out the concept of student ethics according to KH. Hasyim asy'ari in the book Adabul Alim wal Muta'alim and its implementation at the Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School Sukabumi. The type of research used in this study is descriptive research with a qualitative approach by taking the background of the Al-Hidayah Sukabumi Islamic Boarding School. Data collection was carried out by conducting observations, interviews and documentation consisting of the Leadership of the Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School, the Ustadz of the Al-Hidayah Islamic Boarding School, and the students of the Al-Hidayah Sukabumi Islamic Boarding School. Analyze the data by giving meaning to the results collected. The results of this study show that: (1) The concept of student ethics according to KH. Hasyim Asy'ari in the book Adabul Alim wal Muta'alim there are four, namely the ethics of students towards themselves, the ethics of students towards their educators, the ethics of students in pursuing knowledge, and the ethics of students towards the book being studied. (2) Implementation of the concept of student ethics according to KH. Hasyim asy'ari at the Al-Hidayah Islamic boarding school in Sukabumi, namely by habituation, coaching and example methods.

Legal Politics Of Providing Social Security For Indonesian Migrant Workers Based On The Concept Of Care Ethics

This study aims to analyze how the legal politics of social security for Indonesian migrant workers is reviewed based on the concept of ethics of care, this research method uses the Normative Research method with a literature approach, the results of the study show that the provision of social security for Indonesian migrant workers has been carried out by the government in recent political legal developments, but on the one hand social security is only given to the extent of implementing public policy, The regulation of providing social security to Indonesian migrant workers is still considered not to provide social security, especially for the families of migrant workers in terms of social policy if in the future they, namely migrant workers, experience illness, unpaid salaries, to experience slavery, in the study of feminism theory there is criticism based on the concept of ethics of care where the need for the government in this case not only carries out its obligations in terms of public policy, but also in terms of social policy, especially social security for the family resilience of Indonesian migrant workers. The concept of ethics of care in providing social security for the families of migrant workers needs to be applied to the formation of a future policy by the government as mandated by Pancasila, namely in realizing social justice and welfare together (Social Welfare).

‘Relational Values’ is Neither a Necessary nor Justified Ethical Concept

ABSTRACT ‘Relational value’ (RV) has intuitive credibility due to the shortcomings of existing axiological categories regarding recognizing the ethical relevance of people’s relations to nature. But RV is justified by arguments and analogies that do not hold up to closer scrutiny, which strengthens the assumption that RV is redundant. While RV may provide reasons for ethically considering some relations, much work remains to show that RV is a concept that does something existing axiological concepts cannot, beyond empirically describing relations people have to environmental areas and places.

Ethical dimensions of leadership in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war

The purpose of the article is to study the ethical dimensions of leadership in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, to analyse the impact of value orientations on decision-making strategies. The methodology of this study is qualitative, which means the use of a qualitative approach based on the analysis of scientific literature and expert opinions. The application of this approach contributed to obtaining a general idea of the peculiarities of the implementation of ethical concepts and leadership based on the content analysis of scientific literature. The findings indicate that in the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, ethical aspects of leadership manifest themselves as determining factors in the formation of decision-making strategies in organisations and management structures. The analysis of the influence of value orientations on these strategies shows that leaders who are focused on humanitarian values define strategies that are committed to caring for their subordinates. Their decisions reflect national values and patriotism. In the context of the Russian-Ukrainian war, it becomes obvious that ethical aspects of leadership determine decision-making strategies based on value orientations.

Join the discussion on animal welfare, ethics and rights.

A panel of experts will lead a conversation on the concepts of animal welfare, ethics and rights at this year's Animal Welfare Foundation Discussion Forum.

Philosopher of Law N.N. Alekseev about Values in Law

Introduction. The contribution of the famous Russian philosopher and legal scholar N. N. Alekseev to the doctrine of the values in law is studied based on his monograph “Fundamentals of the Philosophy of Law”. It is emphasised that, even though the interest (especially in recent years) to the theoretical heritage of N. N. Alekseev has increased, the analysis of the methodology of his approach to understanding the legal axiology in combination with the scientific, metaphysical and religious definitions is still required. N. N. Alekseev's philosophy of law plays a significant role in strengthening the legal values in Russia and affirming the legal culture, legitimacy and legal order. The aim of present research is to analyse N. N. Alekseev's philosophical and legal concepts concerning the values in law, to determine the methodology of his approach to understanding the legal axiology in combination with the scientific, metaphysical and religious views and to prove the prognostic importance of his original concept. Materials and Methods. The research material comprised the results of the analysis of the theoretical provisions of N. N. Alekseev, more specifically the analysis of the chapter of the book “Fundamentals of the Philosophy of Law” dealing with the problems of legal values. The dialectical method of cognition was the main method used for the research, along with the general scientific methods of analysis, synthesis and the legalistic method. By implementing the historical approach to the evaluation of the materials, the authors adhered to the comprehensiveness and objectivity of the analysis. The authors strived to demonstrate both the holistic logic of N. N. Alekseev’s philosophy of law and his understanding of the legal axiology in combination with the scientific, metaphysical and religious definitions. Results. In the present work, the authors have analysed the mindset of the Russian philosopher and legal scholar N. N. Alekseev, whose views concerning the values in law were neglected in the national juridical science during most of the twentieth century. The ethical and legal concepts of N. N. Alekseev and the critical attitudes to this issue presented in the theoretical works of the various scientists have been reflected upon. Special attention has been given to the profound adherence of N. N. Alekseev to the idea of immanent interrelation of the main problems of law with the value aspects. The article defines the prognostic importance of the original concept formulated by the philosopher and legal scholar. Discussion and Conclusion. The analysis of the methodology of N. N. Alekseev's philosophical and legal mindset is important for the Russian juridical science. Many of the ideas contained in his works have already had a strong impact and continue to affect the research of the modern philosophers and legal scholars concerning the topic of the legal axiology. The ahead of his time prescient conclusions of N. N. Alekseev about the role of value factors in the future development of the Russian state are of considerable interest in the context of the further development of Russia as a law-governed state.

The Love Argument for the Trinity

The central focus of this article is to provide a new “Love Argument” for the necessary truth of the Latin' model' of the doctrine of the Trinity—termed “Latin Trinitarianism”—from an a priori standpoint. This new argument, called the Agápēic Argument, will be formulated in light of the metaphysical notions of a “trope,” introduced by D. C. Williams, and “multiple location,” posited by Antony Eagle, and the ethical concept of agápē, proposed by Alexander Pruss. Doing this will provide a specific argument that provides strong grounds for affirming the necessary truth of the Trinity, without, however, being subject to the primary objections that have been often raised against the existing versions of the argument.

Редукция трансцендентного как основание имагинативного поворота в неопрагматизме

&lt;span lang="EN-US"&gt;The article is devoted to the analysis of the conceptual and methodological grounds of the imaginative turn made within the framework of neopragmatist discourse. The specific works of R. Rorty, H. Putnam, and M. Johnson are used as examples to present the features of the interpretation of ethics, moral law, and rationalist tradition. The article emphasizes the process of metaphorization of key concepts of Kant's ethics by the neopragmatists. It is argued that for Putnam Kant's ethics has value first of all for its figurative component, the presence of colorful metaphors based on the core concepts of the Judeo-Christian tradition. In adding, it is suggested to critically evaluate the position of Johnson, who deals in detail with Kant's main moral law, the meaning of the categorical imperative. It is established on the basis of the fact that neopragmatists have reduced the transcendental dimension that the crucial role begins to be taken by the sensuality of the empirical subject and imagination as a moral moderator. The author refers to this phenomenon by the term "imaginative turn". Citing the works of Russian researcher E.N. Ustyugova the author makes a conclusion that for neopragmatists the human being turns out to be an empirical natural phenomenon, and aesthetics is the only fundament for moral judgments.&lt;/span&gt;

Ethical frameworks should be applied to computational modelling of infectious disease interventions.

This perspective is part of an international effort to improve epidemiological models with the goal of reducing the unintended consequences of infectious disease interventions. The scenarios in which models are applied often involve difficult trade-offs that are well recognised in public health ethics. Unless these trade-offs are explicitly accounted for, models risk overlooking contested ethical choices and values, leading to an increased risk of unintended consequences. We argue that such risks could be reduced if modellers were more aware of ethical frameworks and had the capacity to explicitly account for the relevant values in their models. We propose that public health ethics can provide a conceptual foundation for developing this capacity. After reviewing relevant concepts in public health and clinical ethics, we discuss examples from the COVID-19 pandemic to illustrate the current separation between public health ethics and infectious disease modelling. We conclude by describing practical steps to build the capacity for ethically aware modelling. Developing this capacity constitutes a critical step towards ethical practice in computational modelling of public health interventions, which will require collaboration with experts on public health ethics, decision support, behavioural interventions, and social determinants of health, as well as direct consultation with communities and policy makers.