Ethical Concepts Research Articles

Antropología forense, conservación y nuevas tecnologías. Aplicación de fotogrametría de rango corto en restos óseos humanos en Córdoba, Argentina

The objective of this work is to contribute to the discussion of the incorporation of new technologies to improve the conservation of human remains, from the implementation of short-range photogrammetry. The study was carried out on human skulls that are under the care of the Institute of Forensic Medicine of the Province of Córdoba, Argentina. Forensic Anthropology and short-range photogrammetry together make up an interdisciplinary field of study where our objective is focused on incorporating new documentation techniques for processing sensible remains and improving the conservation. The incorporation of a digital technique in the practice of this discipline allows us to propose an approach from another perspective to specific problems in this field, allowing the generation of new explanatory possibilities for issues that continually arise during the traditional work of forensic disciplines. In this sense, in the long term, we are interested in generating an information base that in the future will be transformed into a virtual repository with 3D records of human skulls of forensic, bioanthropological, historical and archaeological interest, and in the short term, optimizing the registration and conservation tasks of human remains through their three-dimensional digitization to be able to contribute to the identification and documentation tasks of judicial investigations that enter the institution. On the other hand, we are interested in discussing some ethical concepts focused on the growing digitization of human remains and the care that must be prioritized for their correct diffusion considering that at least in our country there is legislation that protects the exhibition of human remains.

Ethical considerations in telehealth and artificial intelligence for work related musculoskeletal disorders: A scoping review.

Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the simulation of human intelligence in machines that are programmed to perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. The integration of AI and telehealth applications in healthcare raises ethical concerns such as bias, transparency, data privacy, and accountability for errors. Several studies have assessed this topic, particularly with regard to musculoskeletal disorders, which will be the focus of this manuscript. We will examine key ethical concepts including informed consent, data protection, confidentiality, physician malpractice, liability, and telemedicine regulations. Ethical issues pertaining to the topic were explored through a review paper. The primary objective of this scoping review was to map and synthesize the existing literature concerning ethical considerations in telehealth and AI for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Research demonstrates that medication effectiveness, patient and physician satisfaction, and accessibility costs are higher with telemedicine and AI methods compared to in-person approaches, particularly for work-related musculoskeletal disorders. Therefore, addressing ethical issues, including patient data privacy and security, is crucial in this field. By considering these factors, the adoption of emerging AI and telemedicine applications, especially for work-related musculoskeletal disorders, is likely to increase. AI and telemedicine offer significant advantages, particularly in addressing work-related musculoskeletal disorders. However, ethical and legal issues surrounding their practice require standardized rules to ensure equitable access, quality care, sustainable costs, professional liability, patient privacy, data protection, and confidentiality. Further practical research studies are needed to address these considerations more effectively.

Ethics in the provision of obstetric and gynecologic health care for non-binary and transgender individuals.

Transgender and non-binary individuals often face bias and a lack of awareness, knowledge, and sensitivity from healthcare professionals. This article aims to raise awareness of the concepts of medical ethics among OBGYNs, so they will be better able to approach complex ethical situations in a clear and structured way when providing obstetric and gynecologic health care for transgender and gender-diverse patients.

Exploring Ethical Considerations in Art Therapy

Art therapy is a professional technique in which art and psychology come together to assist healing. Ethical considerations in art therapy are crucial in creating trust, maintaining confidentiality, and obtaining informed permission from therapists and clients. This study investigates the fundamental ethical concepts that underpin art therapy, including confidentiality, informed consent, dual partnerships, and cultural competency. It examines the theoretical foundations of ethics, drawing on utilitarianism, deontology, and nonmaleficence, among others. Furthermore, this study investigates the complicated ethical quandaries that arise from boundary-crossing, as well as the requirement for therapists to practice culturally competently. The goal is to demonstrate how ethical awareness and thoughtful application improve the therapy experience and result in improved client results. Keywords: Art therapy, ethics, confidentiality, informed consent, dual relationships, cultural competence.

Emerging technologies and research ethics: Developing editorial policy using a scoping review and reference panel.

Emerging technologies and societal changes create new ethical concerns and greater need for cross-disciplinary and cross-stakeholder communication on navigating ethics in research. Scholarly articles are the primary mode of communication for researchers, however there are concerns regarding the expression of research ethics in these outputs. If not in these outputs, where should researchers and stakeholders learn about the ethical considerations of research? Drawing on a scoping review, analysis of policy in a specific disciplinary context (learning and technology), and reference group discussion, we address concerns regarding research ethics, in research involving emerging technologies through developing novel policy that aims to foster learning through the expression of ethical concepts in research. This paper develops new editorial policy for expression of research ethics in scholarly outputs across disciplines. These guidelines, aimed at authors, reviewers, and editors, are underpinned by: a cross-disciplinary scoping review of existing policy and adherence to these policies;a review of emerging policies, and policies in a specific discipline (learning and technology); and,a collective drafting process undertaken by a reference group of journal editors (the authors of this paper). Analysis arising from the scoping review indicates gaps in policy across a wide range of journals (54% have no statement regarding reporting of research ethics), and adherence (51% of papers reviewed did not refer to ethics considerations). Analysis of emerging and discipline-specific policies highlights gaps. Our collective policy development process develops novel materials suitable for cross-disciplinary transfer, to address specific issues of research involving AI, and broader challenges of emerging technologies.

휘트먼과 접촉: 육체적인 몸과 유토피아적인 몸

This paper examines how Walt Whitman’s celebration of the corporeal body explicates the experience of one’s own presence through one’s senses, especially tactile, as generated by bodily touch. It argues that this aspect of Whitman’s poetry is closely associated with Michel Foucault’s “utopian body,” a philosophical concept claiming that, ultimately, human beings can only recognize their existence through the “body.” This paper analyzes the relevant philosophical and ethical concepts implied in “Song of Myself” and “I Sing the Body Electric,” poems in Whitman’s Leaves of Grass that celebrate the corporeal body. Whitman’s thoughts and descriptions on bodily and tactile contact, especially as reflected in sections 20 and 28 of “Song of Myself,” illustrate how the poet awakens and senses corporeality in the state of “here and now.” Moreover, this aspect is emphasized by the idea of “sympathy,” namely, that such an experience, based on reciprocity, is simultaneous and ethical with the other. The electricity-related ideas of the corporeal body and contact, described as an “immediate conductor,” convey the poet’s philosophical and ethical consciousness that the experience of physical contact leads to an immediate fullness of mental and spiritual joy, thereby embodying the “utopia” of the body.

Clinicians' Perspectives and an Ethical Analysis of Safer Supply Opioid Prescribing.

In British Columbia, Canada, many physicians providing care to individuals with high-risk opioid use disorder adopted safer supply (SS) opioid prescribing in the spring of 2020 with the goal of facilitating public health measures for COVID-19. This prescribing practice continued after measures were lifted. This study aimed to explore prescribers' perspectives following several years of local experience in prescribing SS opioids, primarily in the form of hydromorphone tablets, and to apply ethical concepts to explore current challenges and ongoing sources of provider distress. Addiction medicine SS prescribers participated in individual or small group semi-structured interviews. Each interview was transcribed and analysed for recurrent themes. Themes were then integrated into a narrative ethics discussion. Eleven addiction medicine physicians practicing in various settings within Vancouver participated in this study. Six themes were identified: clinical assessment, clinician distress, gaps in care, models of safer supply, research, and special populations. Ethical dilemmas in prescribing SS are identified and explored through a discussion of biomedical ethics principles and the physician role.

THE PHILOSOPHY OF HOPE AND RECOVERY: CHALLENGES AND PROSPECTS FOR POST-WAR UKRAINE

The aim of this study is to explore the philosophical concepts of hope and recovery in the context of post-war Ukraine, a nation deeply affected by war and striving for reconstruction and the establishment of a new social order. The article integrates various philosophical approaches to the categories of hope and recovery, with a special focus on the ethical dimensions of this process. The research employs the dialectical method (particularly in the analysis of Hegel’s ideas), the hermeneutic approach (Paul Ricoeur), and the phenomenological ethics of responsibility (Emmanuel Levinas). Additionally, concepts of existentialism and utopianism are engaged to provide a comprehensive understanding of the phenomenon of hope. The key results of the study show that hope emerges not only as an individual spiritual phenomenon but also as a collective driving force fostering societal transformation. Recovery, in turn, is viewed not as mere reconstruction of what was destroyed but as the creation of new social, moral, and political realities. Levinas' and Ricoeur’s ethical concepts allow for a deeper understanding of the moral recovery process through responsibility for the other and forgiveness. The scientific novelty of the article lies in combining different philosophical schools to analyze hope and recovery in a post-war context, particularly by integrating phenomenological ethics of responsibility and hermeneutics of forgiveness into the understanding of Ukraine’s current situation. Theoretical significance lies in expanding the understanding of hope and recovery as central to the philosophical analysis of post-war revival. The practical significance of the research can be applied in developing ethical and political strategies for societal recovery after military conflicts, particularly in the context of national reconciliation and reconstruction of social relationships.

Identifying Key Concepts of the Language of Desire and the Language of Ethics in Dialogic Literary Gatherings

Given the high prevalence of gender violence among adolescents and youth, research has underscored the importance of preventing it from an early age. The literature has clarified that the prevention of gender violence requires the union of the language of desire and of ethics to promote egalitarian relationships as desirable. Nevertheless, there is a need for a more in-depth and extensive analysis of the key concepts that emerge in DLG, implemented in diverse contexts to better understand their potential as a space for the prevention of gender violence. To contribute to filling this gap, this study explores key concepts of desire and ethics that adolescents surface in DLG implemented in 5 Learning Communities have in common. To that end, 26 observations in 9 different DLG groups with students aged 10-15 and 45 interviews with students and teachers were conducted. Results show one key concept of desire and ethics in these DLG: many students reject violence and peer pressure. Implications of these findings for the prevention and overcoming of gender violence are discussed.

Examining the Views of non-e-Tutoring Students on Potential Benefits and Drawbacks of Incorporating e-Tutoring into Their Learning Experience

In recent years, technology integration in education has transformed the learning environment in online institutions. One technological advancement that has gained popularity is e-tutoring which offers personalised academic support to students through online platforms. While e-tutoring has become well-known and has been adopted to promote collaborative learning, there are still students who do not use these services for various reasons. This study explored the perspectives of students who do not utilize e-tutoring services in online education settings, shedding light on their perceptions. A quantitative research approach with a descriptive design was adopted to gather and analyse data on the perspectives of non-e-tutoring students. Online questionnaires were employed as the primary data collection method, allowing for the efficient collection of data from many respondents. The data was analysed using the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS). Ethical concepts such as informed consent, anonymity of responses and protection of respondents against harm were maintained. Findings indicate that non-e-tutoring students perceive a sense of control over their own pace of learning, suggesting a preference for self-directed learning and the ability to tailor their educational experience to their individual needs and learning styles. They also perceive a lack of clarity in the roles of e-tutors, leading to uncertainty about their responsibilities. In terms of communication, students feel overwhelmed by the volume of announcements and find repetitive information frustrating. Additionally, some students face challenges with their internet connection and associated cost, which can hinder their participation in online activities. Notably, a desire for peer interactions, teamwork, and a sense of belonging in a community highlights the importance of social aspects in online learning. This study recommends that students seek alternate support systems by contacting academics and facilitators for guidance and clarification. Developing self-directed learning skills is essential, empowering students to take charge of their learning through setting objectives, creating their study plans, and utilising resources. For higher education institutions (HEIs), it was recommended that they ensure that a variety of support services are available to cater to the needs of all students, including non-e-tutoring students.

Финансовая олигархия – хуже только чума / Financial oligarchy is only worse than a plague

Based on a brief look at the history of the formation of various social state orders, the article reveals that their success was due to their permeation with the ethical socio-philosophical concept. A more detailed justification of the need for such a support for modern states is carried out, and a model of a Global Harmonized ProtoState is proposed as a project for future development, also taking into account the provisions of the ethical concept.

An Action Research on Basic Competence in Science and Technology in Social Studies Course

Social Studies course is one of the basic courses that prepare students for social life. Change and development have become important in science and technology in the present time. Social Studies course has found its place in the development and change in science and technology. Developments in science and technology are given in Social Studies course, considering the basic competences in science and technology. The aim of this research is to reveal the process of activities related to the basic competence area of social studies course regarding science and technology and to determine the views of students and teachers regarding this process. The research was designed in action research pattern which is one of the qualitative research methods. The research was conducted in the first and second semesters of 2022-2023 academic year. The participants of the research are 6th grade students and their social studies teacher. The data of the research, observation form, teacher and student diaries, student products, semi-structured interview forms were gathered via video recordings of the researcher in the process. Data analysis of the research was conducted using descriptive analysis method. In the research it was concluded that the activities conducted regarding basic competence in science and technology in social studies course entertained the students during the course, the course was better comprehended and the subjects were learned easily. In addition, it was concluded that the activities related to the basic competence in science and technology in Social Studies course improved students' ability to conduct research using scientific research process, and realized the importance of the scientific ethics concept, respect for labor and citing references. Considering the results of the research, recommendations for practitioners and researchers were made.

A Rubik’s Cube-Inspired Pedagogical Tool for Teaching and Learning Engineering Ethics

To facilitate engineering students’ understanding of engineering ethics and support instructors in developing course content, this study introduces an innovative educational tool drawing inspiration from the Rubik’s Cube metaphor. This Engineering Ethics Knowledge Rubik’s Cube (EEKRC) integrates six key aspects—ethical theories, codes of ethics, ethical issues, engineering disciplines, stakeholders, and life cycle—identified through an analysis of engineering ethics textbooks and courses across the United States, Singapore, and China. This analysis underpins the selection of the six aspects, reflecting the shared and unique elements of engineering ethics education in these regions. In an engineering ethics course, the EEKRC serves multiple functions: it provides visual support for grasping engineering ethics concepts, acts as a pedagogical guide for both experienced and inexperienced educators in course design, offers a complementary assessment method for evaluating students learning outcomes, and assists as a reference for students engaging in ethical analysis.

Ethical Issues in Memory Modification Technology: A Scoping Review.

Memory modification technology (MMT) refers to the use of neurotechnologies to intervene in memories. Many scholars have reflected on the ethical issues in MMT, but a comprehensive review of this topic has not been seen. This article presents the first scoping review study of ethical issues in MMT using a bibliometric and systematic approach. After thorough examination, 133 records of key literature are included in this scoping review. Six core ethical themes are extracted: (1) self, identity, and authenticity; (2) autonomy and informed consent; (3) welfare and happiness; (4) safety and risks; (5) responsibility and obligation; (6) social and legal justice. More detailed analyses are conducted on the moral stances and reasons held by different scholars concerning these ethical themes. As can be seen, current debates exhibit certain shortcomings, including ambiguous ethical concepts and a restricted scope of analysis. Therefore, we call for deeper reflections on the philosophical foundations, more precise definitions of ethical terms, and more comprehensive examinations of neurotechnological applications, in order to better address the ethical challenges in the future.

Coercive public health policies need context-specific ethical justifications.

Public health policies designed to improve individual and population health may involve coercion. These coercive policies require ethical justification, and yet it is unclear in the public health ethics literature which ethical concepts might justify coercion, and what their limitations are in applying across contexts. In this paper, we analyse a number of concepts from Western bioethics, including the harm principle, paternalism, the public interest, and a duty of easy rescue. We find them plausible justifications for coercion in theory, but when applied to case studies, including HIV testing in Malawi, vaccine mandates in South Africa, and prohibitions of antibiotic use in livestock in the EU, their limitations become clear. We argue that the context-specificity of ethical justifications for coercion has been overlooked, and there is more work needed to identify context-relevant ethical justifications for coercive policies in various settings and for various populations, rather than relying on universalising Western bioethical justifications across all contexts.

Video Essay about Cinema: Ways of Representing and Interpreting Dominant Content in a Polycode Media Text The object of research in the article was video essays

The object of research in the article was video essays published on the KinoPoisk YouTube channel. A multi-stage methodology for studying polycode media text was proposed, which is characterized by a system of applied techniques: genre, structural-semantic, conceptual analysis of media text; methodology for analyzing the polycode structure of a media text. Using the example of the analysis of the video essay «Why One Flew Over the Cuckoo’s Nest is a Great Cinema», the constitutive genre features of the media genre, which are determined by the content dominants of the media text, are highlighted: title/title (sometimes subtitle) of the video essay; the compositional division of the video essay into parts, which are also given headings – this structure organizes the narrative of the video essay; description (annotation) of the video and time codes where the headings of the parts are written; movie quotes (visuals); fragments of the original soundtrack of the quoted films; musical accompaniment of video essay; semantically and stylistically complicated voice-over text (with the obligatory use of intertextual signs of various types); specific installation. The multi-level semantic structure of the video essay was studied and it was concluded that the content dominant of the video essay being studied is the concept of «Freedom» – one of the basic linguocultural concepts of the Russian language picture of the world. It has been established that the leading code through which the dominant content of a video essay is interpreted is verbal, supported and reinforced by other codes and subcodes of the polycode structure of the media genre. The analysis of the media text allows us to conclude that the author’s selection of film works, interpretation and interpretation of their content dominants, the tone of the discussion, «fitting» the film into the historical and cultural context, objectification of the value system of the collective author allows one to effectively influence the worldview of the mass addressee, forming and/or reframing his ideas about key ethical and cultural concepts, about historical and modern realities and events.

Redesigning an AI bill of rights with/for young people: Principles for exploring AI ethics with middle and high school students

“AI ethics” has become a popular term for signaling concerns with the development and application of artificial intelligence, and a hot-button issue in both academic and public discourse. The current work tends to center adult-oriented, adult-generated, and issues-based conceptions of ethics. This paper reports on an alternative model for “doing ethics” via co-design with young people, highlighting the need for students to engage in AI ethics work, especially as AI is increasingly used in their education and social lives. In particular, we focus on developing a rights-based approach, using the White House Blueprint for an AI Bill of Rights as a starting point for redesigning core AI ethics principles and their conveyance to be accessible and relevant to young people, in collaboration with young people. In this manuscript, we describe our empirical work in a series of three studies on AI ethics teaching and learning with middle and high school students, which culminated in redesigning pieces of the AI Bill of Rights. We present lessons learned, implications for responsible AI in education from student perspectives, and conclude with our suggested principles for integrating student insight and perspectives into the ethics frameworks that guide AI applications.

Financial and Tax Literacy: A Child’s Early Exposure to Financial Concepts during the Educational Process

Aims: The viability of states today is largely based on the collection of tax revenues, which are considered as necessary for them to carry out their specific functions. Thus, the aim of this text is to discuss the development of citizens' tax culture, not as an isolated economic phenomenon but, as a phenomenon directly linked to their general financial literacy. Because it is the writer's belief that simply complying with the mandate to fulfill the tax obligation is not enough for the citizen to understand his contribution to the finances of his country, or, better, to appreciate this contribution in the context of understanding the ways in which the world moves financially. Methodology: It is a big question on how financially educated the modern man is and to what extent this financial education, his literacy or financial literacy, includes the concept of tax in its content to a sufficient extent to awaken consciences. In this text, the focus is on the exact age / educational stage at which this path to financial and tax literacy can begin, so that it can be integrated in a systematic way into the formal educational process. In order to draw conclusions about the appropriate stage for initiating financial awareness, the trends in the global financial literacy landscape were explored. This analysis aims to determine when it is considered appropriate to teach children financial concepts and how financial literacy is linked to making appropriate financial decisions and tax awareness at different age stages. An effort was carried out to evaluate the current financial and tax knowledge and behavior of Greeks. The research was exclusively bibliographic, i.e., a meta-analysis based on previous qualitative and quantitative studies. Results: Concerning the introduction of systematic financial and tax education for adolescents in schools, the studies accessed suggest that the age range of 12-14 marks a significant milestone for young people to begin delving into the more intricate concepts of the modern economy. Tax awareness among adolescents could arguably be attainable from around age 11 or 12, as they start demonstrating financial comprehension comparable to that of adults. Discussion: The findings of this research showed that the level of financial literacy in Greece depends on demographics, such as the geographical location and the gender of young people. Other factors are also important, but removing geographical and gender restrictions, combined with the provision of training programs already in the upper grades of Primary School, can improve financial awareness and develop the tax culture of citizens. This development requires the implementation of subjects in the curriculum, the training of the teachers so that they are able to teach children even 11 or 12 years old, the distinction of the concept of ethics from tax ethics and its teaching at an earlier age stage, and the drawing from international educational practices, i.e. leveraging successful financial literacy programs worldwide in order to obtain valuable insights for designing effective youth training initiatives.

Moving Towards Ethical-Practical Recommendations for Alzheimer's Disease Prediction: Addressing Interindividual, Interprofessional, and Societal Aspects.

Biomarkers for predicting Alzheimer's disease (AD) are advancing and their implementation in various healthcare systems is imminent. There is a need for ethical standards addressing information needs, socio-ethical concerns, and expectations of healthy and at-risk persons. We present an ethical approach that integrates different existing ethical frameworks and discussion of our empirical, cross-cultural findings in a multi-layered perspective by addressing three levels. The micro-level focuses on the communication between counseling professionals, persons at risk or in an early stage of dementia, and family members. The meso-level addresses interprofessional cooperation and exchange as a key element for best person-centered care. The macro-level considers public health promotion, the media, and public-funded research. This approach allows to address key ethical concepts including beneficence, non-maleficence, autonomy, informational self-determination, empowerment, and justice. Our contribution specifically examines the ethical challenges associated with AD prediction by means of biomarkers, based on insights from a German-Israeli comparison, and promotes a transdisciplinary discussion across different healthcare contexts. We propose a reflection on three levels to go beyond the clinical counseling context and to consider the rapidly evolving field of biomarkers in the coming years. Our ethical-practical recommendations should not be considered final, but rather procedural and will require continuous adaptation regarding culturally varying practices, new algorithms, meta-analyses, and re-evaluation of established recommendations.

Empowering Neurodiverse Voices in Research Ethics through a Playful Card-Based Approach

Whenever carrying out research, all participants must know their rights, especially when those participants are perceived as being part of a vulnerable group; however, discussing ethics in investigation can be difficult. To solve this challenge, a playful approach was taken, as playfulness can make dull tasks – especially those that can cause discomfort and difficulties – more entertaining and help people approach them with an open mind. This study reports on four empirical approaches that used a playful process to raise awareness about ethical concerns when doing research with neurodiverse people. For this activity, 39 cards describing and illustrating several relevant and evidence-based ethical principles were created. Then, three case studies were developed, each based on a different focus group composed of ten neurodivergent self-advocates and one with professors and students from Brazil. Each neurodivergent group was also accompanied by three support workers from the partner associations (two of the groups were accompanied by the same individuals). In total, 56 participants engaged in a playful activity that consisted of a game of ‘broken telephone’ where the title of a card (representing an ethical principle) is read to one of the players who then has to whisper it to the next person in line, repeating this process until reaching the last person. The last person then says what they heard out loud, with the original message being revealed for contrast. The title of the cards was discussed by the groups to understand if it was clear and understandable or difficult and confusing. Although not all the cards were validated through the activity, 14 were flagged by neurodivergent people as "needing changes". The feedback was recorded and is presented here. This study set out to validate a set of cards in easy-to-read language that could introduce ethical concepts to participants in research projects through a playful activity. Future study will see the cards iterated upon through the feedback gathered along with the creation of a small guide on how they may be used in playful activities.