Concept Of Elasticity Research Articles

Evaluating directional scale elasticity in the RAM model with undesirable outputs: an application in the horticultural industry

This paper advances the concept of scale elasticity by examining the impact of directional input changes on both desirable and undesirable outputs. We integrate two disposability concepts into a unified measure within the Range Adjusted Measure (RAM) model, enabling the computation of both directional scale elasticity and directional scale damage. This approach allows for a comprehensive analysis of scale effects in the presence of undesirable outputs. Grounded in Data Envelopment Analysis (DEA), our research enhances the understanding of managing undesirable outputs while accounting for directional scale changes, offering significant implications for both performance improvement and environmental sustainability. The paper includes theoretical foundations, numerical examples to illustrate the methodologies, and an empirical application in the Iranian horticulture industry, demonstrating the effectiveness and adaptability of our approach.

Sufficient Statistics for Nonlinear Tax Systems with General Across-Income Heterogeneity

This paper provides empirically implementable sufficient statistics formulas for optimal nonlinear tax systems in the presence of across-income heterogeneity in preferences, inheritances, income-shifting capabilities, and other sources. We characterize optimal smooth tax systems on income and savings (or other commodities), as well as simpler tax systems. We use familiar elasticity concepts and a novel sufficient statistic for heterogeneity correlated with earnings ability: the difference between across-income variation in savings and the causal effect of income on savings. We apply these formulas to the United States and find that the optimal savings tax is mostly positive and progressive. (JEL E21, G51, H21, H24)

THE NEXUS OF INDUCING DEVELOPMENT: MEASURE PATH DISCOURSES IN INDONESIA’S DYNAMIC LANDSCAPE

The research objective underscores the importance of human capital, innovation, and research in fostering sustainable economic growth, with a focus on principal variables such as human capital development (measured by HDI), innovation and competitiveness (driven by FDI inflows), R&D expenditure, and employment dynamics. The research results reveals that FDI, R&D spending, and employment significantly impact TFP growth, with FDI inflows identified as a push driver of TFP growth by enhancing innovation and competitiveness. This research applies the research methodology ARDL model to delve into the factors that influence Total Factor Productivity (TFP), drawing on Romer’s theory of endogenous growth. The research results also highlight the role of R&D expenditure in boosting TFP, emphasizing the need for a supportive environment for research and innovation. The labor force is also found to contribute significantly to TFP. The research further explores the interaction between the labor force and R&D, suggesting the need for policies that support both workforce development and innovation for sustained prosperity. The study also incorporates the concept of employment elasticity with respect to growth as a measure of inclusive development. It concludes by advising stakeholders to prioritize the promotion of FDI inflows, entice R&D spending, and treatise labor force issues to enhance TFP growth and ensure long-term economic prosperity. This underscores the importance of stakeholders’ cooperation in leveraging investments for long-term economic prosperity.

Elasticity in Daily Life: A Potential Topics in Learning Physics

As a branch of natural science, physics explores the fundamental properties of matter and energy and their interactions. This study specifically examines the concept of elasticity—the ability of an object to return to its original shape after removing an external force—and equilibrium, which are crucial in understanding various physical phenomena. The research aims to highlight the practical applications of elasticity and equilibrium principles in daily life across multiple fields. Additionally, it seeks to underscore the importance of physics education in preventing misconceptions about these fundamental concepts. The findings suggest that effectively applying elasticity and equilibrium principles can enhance problem-solving in everyday scenarios. However, there is a critical need to improve physics education, particularly in literature and practical simulations, to mitigate common misconceptions and enhance understanding.

Advancing river cruise product design: insights from cross-quality elasticity of river cruises to ocean cruises

ABSTRACT This paper puts forward the concept of cross-quality elasticity, leveraging the commonalities of river and ocean cruise tourism, and develops a cross-quality elasticity equation with price, quality, and popularity as independent variables, while market share as dependent variable, calculating the cross-quality elasticity for river cruise tourism relative to ocean one. A model is developed for optimising river cruise itinerary and ship choice based on the cross-quality elasticity and the constraints of river channel capacity and itinerary type, to maximise the increased profits for river cruise operators. In the case study on the segments of Chongqing-Wuhan, Wuhan-Shanghai and Nanjing-Zhoushan along the Yangtze River, the home ports, ports of call, order of call, days of cruise travel, adoptions of cruise ships, and the number of tourists shifting from ocean cruise market have been determined. The results indicate that well-designed river cruises can expand the market of river cruise tourism; popularity exerts a moderating influence on the relationship between cruise quality and consumer demand; river cruise of high quality may serve as a viable alternative for consumers accustomed to ocean cruises.

Multi-Hospital Management: Combining Vital Signs IoT Data and the Elasticity Technique to Support Healthcare 4.0

Smart cities can improve the quality of life of citizens by optimizing the utilization of resources. In an IoT-connected environment, people’s health can be constantly monitored, which can help identify medical problems before they become serious. However, overcrowded hospitals can lead to long waiting times for patients to receive treatment. The literature presents alternatives to address this problem by adjusting care capacity to demand. However, there is still a need for a solution that can adjust human resources in multiple healthcare settings, which is the reality of cities. This work introduces HealCity, a smart-city-focused model that can monitor patients’ use of healthcare settings and adapt the allocation of health professionals to meet their needs. HealCity uses vital signs (IoT) data in prediction techniques to anticipate when the demand for a given environment will exceed its capacity and suggests actions to allocate health professionals accordingly. Additionally, we introduce the concept of multilevel proactive human resources elasticity in smart cities, thus managing human resources at different levels of a smart city. An algorithm is also devised to automatically manage and identify the appropriate hospital for a possible future patient. Furthermore, some IoT deployment considerations are presented based on a hardware implementation for the proposed model. HealCity was evaluated with four hospital settings and obtained promising results: Compared to hospitals with rigid professional allocations, it reduced waiting time for care by up to 87.62%.

Two-Method Indoor Laboratory Instruction: How Effective Is It on Secondary School Students’ Performance in Physics?

This study probed the effectiveness of two-method indoor laboratory instruction on secondary school students’ performance in physics in Jos Metropolis, Nigeria. The quasi-experimental research design of the non-equivalent control group pre-test, post-test type was employed. The population for the study comprised 1,112 senior secondary two students offering physics in 18 schools in Jos metropolis, with the schools purposively obtained. The study sample consisted of 80 SSS II students obtained from two intact classes, one class each from two schools selected using simple random sampling technique. Two research questions were raised and two hypotheses were formulated. Physics Performance Test (PPT) was the instrument validated and used to gather data. The test-retest method was used to obtain the reliability of PPT and its coefficient was computed as 0.73 using Kuder-Richardson formula 21 (K-R 21). Mean and standard deviation were used to answer the research questions while independent t-test of difference and Analysis of Covariance (ANCOVA) were the statistical tools used to test the hypotheses at 0.05 levels of significance. The results revealed that students taught concepts of simple harmonic motion and elasticity using group indoor laboratory method performed better than their counterparts taught using individual indoor laboratory method; although male students performed slightly higher than their female counterparts after exposure to the two methods, gender was found to have no interaction effect on their performance; there was a significant interaction effect of treatments and gender on students’ performance in the study area, with the methods as source of interaction effect. Based on the findings, recommendations were made, which include that curriculum developers should ensure that laboratory teaching methods are included in physics curriculum in order to enhance students’ performance in the subject.

An investigation of business calculus students’ covariational reasoning, procedural knowledge and conceptual knowledge in the context of price elasticity of demand

Abstract Motivated by the paucity of research that has examined students’ covariational reasoning in economic contexts, the study reported in this article investigated business calculus students’ covariational reasoning about the economic concept of price elasticity of demand. Furthermore, the study examined students’ procedural knowledge and conceptual knowledge in the context of explaining what it means for demand to be inelastic, elastic or unit elastic, respectively. Additionally, the study examined students’ calculational knowledge of price elasticity of demand. The analysis of 10 students’ responses to three tasks used in the study revealed that most of the students struggled making sense of what it means for demand to be inelastic, elastic or unit elastic, respectively. A majority of the students only engaged at the lowest levels of covariational reasoning when prompted to reason about the relationship between the concept of price elasticity of demand and its relationship to the economic quantities of price, demand and revenue. Furthermore, showing that maximum revenue occurs when price elasticity of demand is equal to one was particularly challenging for all the students. Overall, findings from this study suggest that the study participants demonstrated a weak understanding of the concept of price elasticity of demand. Directions for future research and implications for instruction are included.

Efficient tick-shape networks of full-residual point-depth-point blocks for image classification

Light-weight convolutional neural networks (CNNs) are crucial for deploying computer vision applications in mobile devices thanks to their compact models, small computational complexity, and energy efficiency. However, such models ordinarily have steady-increased channels in their backbone leading to a sharp increase in the model size; while the deficiency of identity mappings in their residual mechanism can lead to modest performance in feature extraction. To mitigate those issues, we propose light-weight networks based on three novel concepts as follows. Firstly, an efficient perceptron is presented to encapsulate point-depth-point (PDP) features extracted by light-weight convolutions along with a full-residual (FR) mechanism through the architecture of a network. This full-residual connection is proposed to deal with the shortcoming of the existing light-weight models whose architecture has incompletely exploited identity mappings. It is due to the variability of spatial dimension caused by several strides of their convolutional operations. Secondly, a tick-shape backbone is then introduced by designing its structure in accordance with the channel elasticity of the FR-PDP perceptron subject to the shape of a check mark. Thirdly, taking advantage of the channel elasticity concept, three tick-shape networks (TickNets) are constructed in a light-weight architecture by hooking one or more tick-shape backbones. Experimental results for image classification on benchmark datasets have clearly corroborated the efficacy of the proposed methods. The code implementation of tick-shape models is available at https://github.com/nttbdrk25/TickNets.

Phonological Processes Triggered by Means of Verbs Conjugation in Bantu Languages

This study explores the complex relationship between phonological processes and verb extensions, focusing on the concept of word elasticity, which describes the transformations words undergo based on linguistic contexts. Anchored in the Generative Phonology Theory, which postulates a transition from underlying representation to surface structure, the research aims to understand the phonological outcomes stemming from verb extension morphology, particularly in Bantu languages. Employing a qualitative approach through a documentary systematic review of peer-reviewed literature and academic articles across diverse languages, findings reveal multiple phonological processes, such as elision, assimilation, and palatalization, demonstrating the dynamic shifts induced by verb conjugations. The study concludes that understanding the interplay between morphology and phonology is fundamental, emphasizing the transformative nature of verb extensions in shaping phonological processes across languages.

Phonological processes triggered by means of verbs conjugation

This study explores the complex relationship between phonological processes and verb extensions, focusing on the concept of word elasticity which describes the transformations words undergo based on linguistic contexts. Anchored in the Generative Phonology Theory, which postulates a transition from underlying representation to surface structure, the research aims to understand the phonological outcomes stemming from verb extension morphology, particularly in Bantu languages. Employing a qualitative approach through a documentary systematic review of peer-reviewed literature and academic articles across diverse languages, findings reveal multiple phonological processes, such as elision, assimilation, and palatalization, demonstrating the dynamic shifts induced by verb conjugations. The study concludes that understanding the interplay between morphology and phonology is fundamental, emphasizing the transformative nature of verb extensions in shaping phonological processes across languages.

Changes in climate, vegetation cover and vegetation composition affect runoff generation in the Gulf of Guinea Basin

AbstractAlthough considerable effort has been deployed to understand the impact of climate variability and vegetation change on runoff in major basins across Africa, such studies are scarce in the Gulf of Guinea Basin (GGB). This study combines the Budyko framework and elasticity concept along with geospatial data to fill this research gap in 44 nested sub‐basins in the GGB. Annual rainfall from 1982 to 2021 show significant decreasing and increasing trends in the northern and southern parts of the GGB, respectively. Annual potential evapotranspiration (PET) also shows significant increasing trends with higher magnitudes observed in the northern parts of the GGB. Changing trends in climate variables corroborates with shift to arid and wetter conditions in the north and south, respectively. From 2000 to 2020 vegetation cover estimated using enhanced vegetation index (EVI) shows significant increasing trends in all sub‐basins including those experiencing a decline in annual rainfall. Vegetation composition measured using vegetation continuous fields (VCFs) from 2000 to 2020 show an increase in tree canopy cover (TC), a decline in short vegetation cover and marginal changes in bare ground cover (BG). Elasticity coefficients show that a 10% increase in annual rainfall and PET may lead to a 33% increase and 24% decline in runoff, respectively. On the other hand, a 10% increase in EVI may lead to a 4% decline in runoff while a 10% increase in TC, SV and BG may reduce runoff by 4% and increase runoff by 3% and 2%, respectively. Even though changes are marginal, decomposing vegetation into different parameters using EVI and VCFs may lead to different hydrological effects on runoff which is one of the novelties of this study that may be used for implementing nature‐based solutions. The study also demonstrates that freely available geospatial data together with analytical methods are a promising approach for understanding the impact of climate variability and vegetation change on hydrology in data‐scarce regions.

Numerical Study of Strengthened Spun Pile with Concrete Infill and Steel Jacket

The confinements in a spun pile in Indonesia are below the minimum requirement mentioned in ASCE 7-16. Since Indonesia still adopts the linear elastic concept for foundation design, where the pile should be designed strongly without damage, the deficiency does not matter. However, enormous piles are required to keep it elastically under severe earthquakes. Hence, a transition to performance-based design (PBD) should be prepared since the seismic acceleration tends to increase. PBD requires sufficient transverse reinforcement to ensure flexural failure. Steel jacket is proposed to overcome the lack of confinements, particularly on the pile cap connection where the largest curvature occurs. Experimental and numerical studies have been conducted on a full-scale spun pile-to-pile cap connection with a steel jacket under cyclic loading. A monotonic pushover analysis with Opensees Navigator open-source software was performed for further study.

Environmental regulation, hog scale production and the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction

<p>The synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction is conducive to promoting the green transformation of the economy. Based on China’s 30 provincial administrative panel data from 2002 to 2020, using the elastic concept to measure the synergy index and the panel fixed effect model to carry out empirical analysis, we analyzed the relation between environmental regulation and the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction. The results revealed that: (1) Environmental regulation positively influenced the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction in hog breeding. (2) Different types of pollution and carbon reduction had different synergistic effects. Compared with chemical oxygen demand and ammonia nitrogen, the positive effect of environmental regulation on the synergy of total phosphorus and carbon reduction was relatively weaker. (3) From the perspective of impact mechanisms, environmental regulation mainly achieved synergies through the “production constraint effect” and the “innovation compensation effect”. (4) Further analysis showed that environmental regulation had a significant scale threshold effect on the synergy of pollution control and carbon reduction in hog breeding. Therefore, the heterogeneity of pollutants and industrial scale should be considered in the optimization of environmental regulation policies.</p>

The Elasticity Of Caste In The Sikh Diaspora: Jat Cool and Caste Masculinities in the Pacific Northwest

Abstract: This article examines the transnational dimensions of caste and gender in the Punjabi Sikh diaspora of the Pacific Northwest. I explore how Jats (a landowning caste from Punjab, India) have positioned themselves at times as superior to Chamars (Punjabi Dalits or caste oppressed peoples) in the US-Canada borderland diaspora. Though Sikhism is a religion founded on anti-caste origins, the simultaneous repudiation of caste and celebration of Jat pride paradoxically illustrates structures of caste within the religion. The article unsettles the ways in which Jat men in the diaspora can be implicated in Jat pride and Jat cool: a social currency intertwined with popular culture and social media that reveals a particular caste masculinity. While not all Jats engage with Jat pride, and in fact many are involved in anti-caste praxis, it is important to situate the pervasiveness of these hierarchical ideologies within intra-Sikh communities to understand the permutations and stickiness of caste within the diaspora. I build on Asian American approaches to theorizing caste, youth cultures, and notions of “cool” to ultimately reveal how caste, rather than fixed or natural, is an elastic concept that is contingent upon how it is deployed within Sikh diasporic geographies and temporalities.

Scale elasticity and technical efficiency measures in two-stage network production processes: an application to the insurance sector

In performance analysis with tools such as data envelopment analysis, calculations of scale properties of the frontier points are studied using both qualitative and quantitative approaches. When the production process is a bit complicated, the calculation needs to be modified. Most existing studies are focused on a single-stage production process under the constant or variable returns to scale specification. However, some processes have two-stage structures, and, in such processes, the concepts of scale elasticity and returns to scale are inextricably related to the conditions of the stages of production. Thus, an evaluation of efficiency, scale elasticity, and returns to scale is sensitive to stages. In this study, we introduced a procedure to calculate technical efficiency and scale elasticity in a two-stage parallel-series production system. Then, our proposed technical efficiency and scale elasticity programs are applied to real data on 20 insurance companies in Iran. After applying our estimations to a real-world insurance industry, we found that, (i) overall, the total inputs of insurers in the life insurance sector should be reduced by 9%. Moreover, the inputs of nonlife insurers should be reduced by 50%. The final output in the investment sector must be increased by 48%. (ii) There are inefficiencies among all insurers in the investment sector, and to improve technical efficiency, the income from investments should be increased significantly. (iii) Finally, the efficiency and elasticity characterizations of insurers are directly subject to stages.

ANALISIS ELASTISITAS PERMINTAAN TERHADAP PERUBAHAN HARGA SEPEDA MOTOR SCOOPY DI PT. ASTRA MOTOR SUMBAWA BESAR

This study aims to analyze the level of demand elasticity regarding changes in the price of Honda Scoopy motorbikes at PT. Astra Motor Sumbawa Besar 2017-2021. Type of this study was a descriptive with a quantitative approach, namely the study that aims to describe the elasticity of demand for changes in the price of Honda Scoopy motorbikes at PT. Astra Motor Sumbawa Besar that occur as they are, supported by data in the form of numbers generated from actual conditions. In this study, the data used was obtained from sales reports documents for Honda Scoopy motorbikes at PT. Astra Motor Sumbawa Besar 2017-2021. The data collected was analyzed using the concept of elasticity of demand which was calculated based on the value of the demand elasticity coefficient to determine the impact of price increases on demand for Honda Scoopy motorbikes at PT. Astra Motor Sumbawa Besar 2017-2021. The results of this study showed that the level of elasticity of demand for Honda Scoopy motorbikes at PT. Astra Motor Sumbawa Besar 2017-2021 was in the elastic category. This can be known based on the value of the demand elasticity coefficient for Honda Scoopy motorbike at PT. Astra Motor Sumbawa Besar in 2017-2021 is greater than 1 (e > 1). This result means that every 1 percent change in price, it will cause a change in quantity demanded of more than 1 percent.

Analysis of Science-Physics Concept According to The Independent Curriculum in the Traditional Boi Game

An ancient game that has often been played from generation to generation in the Maluku region is the boi game. The boi game can be used as science-physics learning material according to the curriculum in force at school in the hope that it can make the learning process effective and efficient. This research aims to analyze the science-physics concepts found in the traditional Boi game in Allang Village, Leihitu District, Central Maluku Regency, Maluku. The research was conducted using descriptive methods with a qualitative approach. Data collection was carried out through interviews, observations, and document studies. The results of the analysis show that when the player applies force to the ball so that the ball moves and touches the stone structure and/or touches the body of the opposing player, the concepts of kinetic energy, elasticity, momentum, impulse, collision, work, force, and displacement are identified. The position of these concepts in the independent curriculum is at the junior high school phase D and high school phase F

Penggunaan Model Pembelajaran Kooperatif Tipe Think Pair Share Untuk Meningkatkan Penguasaan Konsep Elastisitas dan Hukum Hooke Pada Peserta Didik Kelas XI IPA SMA Negeri 6 Ambon

This study aims to improve mastery of the concept of elasticity and Hooke's law in class XI IPA-1 SMA Negeri 6 Ambon with a cooperative learning model of think pair share type. This type of research is descriptive research with one group pretest-posttest design. The students used as samples in this study were 23 people obtained using a random sampling technique. Research data were collected using test instruments in the form of initial tests and final tests. The results showed that 100% of students' initial concept mastery ability was in the failing category, with an average score of 8,43. After applying the learning model, the average final test score is 91,48 with very good qualifications. This condition causes the average result of the N-Gain test to be an indicator of increasing students' concept mastery to 0,91 in the high category. Thus, using the cooperative learning model type think pair share can improve the mastery of elasticity and Hooke's law in class XI IPA SMAN 6 Ambon students.

Development of Knowledge Enrichment Digital Book of Tectonic Earthquake

This research aims to develop a digital knowledge enrichment book about tectonic earthquakes. Useful for study concepts of waves, elasticity, and Hooke's law. This research method uses the ADDIE (Analysis, Design, Development, Implementation and Evaluation). The validation scores of material experts, learning experts and media experts are in the high category. This digital book has been tested on 49 physics students at San Pedro University, Kupang, Indonesia, and the results are positive. All respondents can enjoy reading this book, increasing their knowledge, and the contents of the book can be understood easily. The test results for this book received a very good assessment in the media aspect, formulating the main problem, revealing facts, choosing arguments logically, and detecting information bias in the book. All respondents were able to draw conclusions from the book and the book was not boring. So, this book can be used as an effective learning resource.