Concept Of Congruence Research Articles

"Green smart" industry conceptual provisions

In the paper the main distinctive features of the industry as a sector of economic activity combining the principles of ecologization and cyberphysical transformation of business processes are formulated, as well as the key factors, contributing to the merger of the subject areas of the green and smart industry are determined. Due to the common strategic goal (achieving sustainable development), the material base (production assets) and the main driver of progress (technical and technological innovations), the hypothesis of the congruence of green and smart development strategies was justified, including such aspects as that new cyberphysical technologies, on the one hand, offer new solutions to the problems of sustainable development, and, on the other hand, form new threats. The definitions have been summarized and the current distribution of the relative share of the carbon, green and smart industries in the current structure of the global economy has been established. The prospects for expanding and merging the spheres of influence of the green and smart industries as congruent strategies for sustainable development were evaluated. It was also argued, that the potential smart industry would seek to meet the standards of green industry, while the green one would acquire the properties of smart as the fourth industrial revolution progressed and digital innovations spread across all spheres of public life. Based on a critical analysis of the concepts of the green and smart industries, hypotheses regarding the key features of the product, the organization of the production process, the drivers of development, strategic priorities and approaches to their achievement, characteristic of the industry as a separate direction of economic activity, have been developed. They include creation of knowledge-intensive environmentally friendly product focused on a specific client; provision of remote control and monitoring of automated high-tech business processes in real time; strategic business planning to minimize the man-made burden on the environment by maximizing intellectual capital, carried out on the basis of big data; priority of the best environmentally friendly advanced technologies. The reference standard of the industry is a cyberphysical network of interconnected high-tech productions-symbionts operating on the principle of conditionally closed preferential loops of recycling of resources similar to the natural cycle of substances in self-regulatory ecosystems. The author also took into account that the concept of congruence of green and smart industrial development strategies is not indisputable because of objective fundamental differences in the purpose of green and smart strategies, out of the key approaches and due to production priorities, as well as the properties of the final product, which affect the consumer value of green and smart products and have a significant impact on the speed of distribution of these strategies on the market. However, in the long term, both directions have sufficient potential for further development and, accordingly, unification.

A feature fusion strategy for human detection in omnidirectional camera imagery

Field of view of the traditional camera is limited such that usually more than three cameras is needed to cover the entire surveillance area. The use of multiple cameras usually requires more efforts regarding camera control and set up as well as they need additional algorithms to find the relationships among the images of different cameras. In this paper, we present a multi-feature algorithm that employs only one omnidirectional camera instead of using multiple cameras to cover the entire surveillance region. Here we use the image gradients, the local phase information based on phase congruency, the phase congruency magnitude, and the color features, and they are fused together to build one descriptor named as "Fused Phase, Gradients and Color features (FPGC). The image gradients, and local phase information based on phase congruency concept are used to extract the human body shape features. Either LUV or grayscale channel features are used according to the kind of camera used. The phase congruency magnitude and orientation of each pixel in the input image is computed with respect to its neighborhood. The resultant images are divided into local regions and the histogram of oriented phase, and the histogram of oriented gradient are determined for each local region and combined. A maximum pooling of the candidate features is generated for one channel of the phase congruency magnitude and the three LUV color channels. All these features are fed to a decision tree Adaboost classifier for training and classification between the classes. The proposed approach is evaluated on a challenging omnidirectional dataset and observed promising performance.

On Generalized Solutions of Linear Congruence ax = b (mod n) for Large Modulus n

Number Theory, a branch of Pure Mathematics, is crucial in cryptographic algorithms. Many cryptographic systems depend heavily on some topics of Number Theory. One of these topics is the linear congruence. In cryptography, the concept of linear congruence is used to directly underpin public key cryptosystems during the process of ciphering and deciphering codes. Thus, linear congruence plays a very important role in cryptography. This paper aims to develop an alternative method and generalized solutions for solving linear congruence axb (mod n). This study utilized expository-developmental research method. As a result, the alternative method considered two cases: (1) when (a,n) = 1 and (2) when (a,n) > 1. The basic idea of the method is to convert the given congruence ax ≡ b (mod n) to ax b + kn for some k, reduce modulus n by interchanging a and n, simplify the new congruence and perform the process recursively until obtaining a congruence that is trivial to solve. The advantage of this method over the existing approaches is that it can solve congruence even for large modulus n with much more efficiency. Generalized solution of linear congruence axb (mod n) considering both cases was obtained in this study.

Improving the operationalization of interest congruence using polynomial regression

The concept of congruence, or the match between an individual and his or her environment, plays a major role in Holland's (1959, 1997) theory of vocational interests. Despite this emphasis, empirical research on the validity of congruence indices for predicting some outcomes has been somewhat disappointing (e.g. Assouline & Meir, 1987; Tinsley, 2000). Although recent research has found that congruence indices can provide meaningful improvements in validity (Nye, Su, Rounds, & Drasgow, 2017), it is widely recognized that these indices have a number of conceptual and methodological flaws (Camp & Chartrand, 1992; Edwards, 1993). To help address this issue, the present work demonstrates the potential benefits of operationalizing interest congruence using polynomial regression (Edwards, 1994) and discusses how such a method can yield more nuanced details about the importance of vocational interests for predicting work and academic outcomes.

Role of visualization in mathematical abstraction: The case of congruence concept

Mathematical abstraction is an important process in mathematical thinking. Also, visualization is a strong tool for searching mathematical problems, giving meaning to mathematical concepts and the relationships between them. In this paper, we aim to investigate the role of visualizations in mathematical abstraction through a case study on five pre-service secondary mathematics teachers. To do this, we formulated instructions that are appropriate for abstracting the concept of congruent figures or objects, and then determined the visualizations used by the participants, how they established these and what kind of visual images they had. The data were collected through class observations and semi-structured interviews. Data analysis showed that visualizations were used frequently by the participants and differently while engaged in abstraction. They used isomorphic and homeomorphic visualizations and these were mostly in coordination and internalization processes. The participants also produced different visual images which were commonly concrete and dynamic ones. The visualizations that were used in the abstraction processes significantly aided the understanding of the concept of congruent figures and strengthened the visual images of the participants.

Role of Visualization in Mathematical Abstraction: The Case of Congruence Concept

Role of Visualization in Mathematical Abstraction: The Case of Congruence Concept

АЛГЕБРЫ РИСА И КОНГРУЭНЦ-АЛГЕБРЫ РИСА В ОДНОМ КЛАССЕ АЛГЕБР С ОПЕРАТОРОМ И ОСНОВНОЙ ОПЕРАЦИЕЙ ПОЧТИ ЕДИНОГЛАСИЯ

The concept of Rees congruence was originally introduced for semigroups. R. Tichy generalized this concept to universal algebras. Let A be an universal algebra. Denote by △ the identity relation on A . Any congruence of the form B 2 ∪△ on A for some subalgebra B of A is called a Rees congruence. Subalgebra B of A is called a Rees subalgebra whenever B 2 ∪△ is a congruence on A . An algebra A is called a Rees algebra if its every subalgebra is a Rees one. In this paper we introduce concepts of Rees simple algebra and Rees congruence algebra. A non-one-element universal algebra A is called Rees simple algebra if any Rees congruence on A is trivial. An universal algebra A is called Rees congruence algebra if any congruence on A is Rees congruence. Universal algebra is called an algebra with operators if it has an additional set of unary operations acting as endomorphisms with respect to basic operations. For algebras with one operator and an arbitrary basic signature some conditions to be Rees algebra are obtained. Necessary condition under which algebra of the same class is Rees congruence algebra is given. For algebras with one operator and a connected unary reduct that has a loop element and does not contain the nodal elements, except, perhaps, the loop element necessary condition for their Rees simplicity are obtained. A n-ary operation ( n > 3 ) is called near-unanimity operation if it satisfies the identities (x , . . . , x , y ) = ( x , . . . , x , y , x ) = . . . = ( y , x , . . . , x ) = x . If n = 3 then operation is called a majority operation. Rees algebras and Rees congruence algebras of class algebras with one operator and basic near-unanimity operation g ( n ) which defined as follows g (3) ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) = m ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) , g ( n ) ( x 1 , x 2 , . . . , x n ) = m ( g ( n − 1) ( x 1 , x 2 , . . . , xn − 1 ) , xn − 1 , xn ) ( n > 3) are fully described. Under m ( x 1 , x 2 , x 3 ) we mean here a majority operation which permutable with unary operation and which was defined by the author on arbitrary unar according to the approach offered by V.K. Kartashov.

Managing the Ebb and Flow:


 
 
 This case study explored how a principal in a suburban elementary school in the northeastern United States empowered students and used student voice to develop his own leadership. The researchers collected and analyzed data in the form of observations, principal interviews, and student focus groups. Results and discussion describe and explain how the principal engaged with students’ perspectives to structure his experiences of school and learn- ing. Also, results indicate that the principal’s self- awareness of his instructional leadership actions, particularly regarding the inclusion of student voice and agency, is critical for effective and meaningful leadership. This case provides a new direction for develop- ing and practicing school leaders to consider self- evaluation, and reflection as part of ongoing leadership improvement, framed by the research-based concepts of instructional leadership, student voice, and perceptual congruence. Finally, the case study provides an opportunity for the field of educational research to open meaningful and often-overlooked discussions emphasizing the value of including students in models of shared instructional leadership and empowering youth as learners and leaders in their own right.
 
 

Congruence of Personal and Organizational Values: Moving Beyond Practice

The purpose of this paper is to review and clarify the knowledge of practice related literature on the concept of congruence between personal and organizational values and to develop the framework for strengthening the congruence between personal and organizational values in order to improve understanding about how the theory is turned into practice.

A new branch of the logical algebra: UP-algebras

In this paper, we introduce a new algebraic structure, called a UP-algebra (UP means the University of Phayao) and a concept of UP-ideals, UP-subalgebras, congruences and UP-homomorphisms in UP-algebras, and investigated some related properties of them. We also describe connections between UP-ideals, UP-subalgebras, congruences and UP-homomorphisms, and show that the notion of UP-algebras is a generalization of KU-algebras.

Time to Think in Other Terms: A Response to Powell and the Median Mandate School

In response to my characterization of ideological congruence as an “illusion,” Powell (this issue) demonstrates that incongruence, while common, tends to be only moderate in most cases, a conclusion with which I agree. Nevertheless, I argue that the concept of ideological congruence is misleading when applied as Powell does, and problematic, if not meaningless, when applied in the alternative ways proposed by Best, Budge, and McDonald. For these reasons, the term continues to obscure more than it reveals.

United States’ bankruptcy jurisdiction over foreign entities: exorbitant or congruent?

ABSTRACTAlarmed at the ease with which global bankruptcy jurisdiction can be engineered in the US through a combination of the Bankruptcy Code’s low bar to entry and the worldwide effects of a bankruptcy case, critics argue that the US promotes abusive bankruptcy forum shopping and harmful imposition of US norms on overseas stakeholders. This article advances a revised account of US bankruptcy jurisdiction over non-US debtors from a distinctively Anglo-American standpoint. The article’s central thesis is that critics overemphasise formal jurisdictional rules and pay insufficient attention to how US courts actually exercise jurisdiction in practice. It compares the formal law ‘on the books’ in the US and UK for determining whether or not a domestic insolvency or restructuring proceeding relating to a foreign debtor can be maintained in each jurisdiction and provides a functional account of how US bankruptcy jurisdiction over foreign entities is exercised in practice using the concept of jurisdictional congruence as a benchmark.

The Retweet as a Function of Electronic Word-of-Mouth Marketing: A Study of Athlete Endorsement Activity on Twitter

The purpose of this study was to examine endorsement-related tweets from athletes and determine which characteristics of those tweets could increase the degree of electronic word-of-mouth marketing (eWOM) generated by the message. Previous literature has suggested that the retweet function in Twitter is a form of eWOM. Through the lens of eWOM, the concepts of vividness, interactivity, and congruence are used to understand what tweet characteristics generate the most retweets. A sample of professional-athlete endorsement and sponsored tweets (n = 669) was used and coded based on frameworks adapted from previous studies. Results indicated that the interaction between levels of high vividness and high interactivity generated the highest frequency of retweets. Reported findings could inform athletes and/or brand managers in ways to increase the eWOM of sponsored messages on Twitter.

A Study of Congruence on (<i>n, m</i>)-semigroup

Congruence is a special type of equivalence relation which plays a vital role in the study of quotient structures of different algebraic structures. The purpose of this paper is to study the quotient structure of (n, m)-semigroup by using the notion of congruence in (n, m)-semigroup. Firstly, the concept of homomorphism on (n, m)-semigroup is introduced. Then, the concept of congruence on (n, m)-semigroup is defined, and some basic properties are studied. Finally, it is proved that the set of congruences on an (n, m)-semigroup is a complete lattice. All these generalize the corresponding notions and results for usual binary and ternary semigroups.

The Appropriateness of Using the Self-Directed Search Questionnaire in Developing Countries: A Pilot Study with South African Navy Divers

In contested labour markets in developing countries, vocational interest inventories could potentially match applicants to speciality occupations. This descriptive study investigated the appropriateness of career interest, represented by the SDS, to guide vocational placement in a developing country. The study applied Holland’s concepts of congruence, differentiation, and consistency of vocational profile to South African Navy divers as a case study. The 81 navy divers generated an S/R/E code, but with questionable congruence, and poor differentiation and consistency. The results suggested that the profile might reflect socioeconomic dynamics rather than the expression of personality-vocational matching, and such scales might not be useful for vocational placement in local environments. The study cautions the use of vocational guidance instruments in context of developing countries, where socio-economic considerations may outweigh personality characteristics in career choices.

A nonlinear approach to the congruence of perceived uncertainty and information sharing with suppliers: Effects upon startup and established restaurants

To better understand reasons associated with high restaurant failure rates, the concept of congruence was employed to investigate the relationship between perceived uncertainty and information sharing with suppliers upon the performance of startup and established restaurant segments. A non-liner approach representing polynomial regression with a response surface analysis was employed for hypothesis testing. Congruence between perceived uncertainty and information sharing with suppliers regarding customers, competitors and the overall independent restaurant business environment had a significant and positive effect upon performance. Startup independent restaurants were found to be more significantly and positively affected by the congruence between perceived uncertainty and information sharing with suppliers regarding customers, while the established restaurant segment was found to be more significantly and positively affected by perceived uncertainty and information sharing related to competitors. The effect of congruence between perceived uncertainty and information sharing with suppliers regarding the overall business environment was not significant. Managerial and theoretical implications are provided.

The Benefits of Similarity between Tourist and Destination Personality

When people choose they often prefer similarity, rather than complementarity. This paper argues that the evaluation of a holiday destination is no exception to this tendency. The study introduces tourist–destination personality similarity (TDPS) as a concept that is distinct from perceived overall fit (POF) between tourist and destination, and examines the effects of these two concepts of congruence on vacationers’ satisfaction and recommendation behavior. Examining a sample of actual vacationers ( N = 308) in a holiday resort, TDPS and POF emerged as two related, but distinct concepts: TDPS was a driver of POF, which in turn increased tourists’ satisfaction and actual recommendations of the destination. Our results confirm TDPS as a valuable tool for tourism brand managers and tourism research.

Local Phase Features in Chromatic Domain for Human Detection

In this paper, a new descriptor based on phase congruency concept and LUV color space features is presented. Since the phase of the signal conveys more information regarding signal structure than the magnitude and the indispensable quality of the color in describing the world around us, the proposed descriptor can precisely identify and localize image features over the gradient based techniques, especially in the regions affected by illumination changes. The proposed features can be formed by extracting the phase congruency information for each pixel in the three-color image channels. The maximum phase congruency values are selected from the corresponding color channels. Histograms of the phase congruency values of the local regions in the image are computed with respect to its orientation. These histograms are concatenated to construct the proposed descriptor. Results of the experiments performed on the proposed descriptor show that it has better detection performance and lower error rates than a set of the state of the art feature extraction methodologies.

Abelian Cayley Digraphs with Asymptotically Large Order for Any Given Degree

Abelian Cayley digraphs can be constructed by using a generalization to $\mathbb{Z}^n$ of the concept of congruence in $\mathbb{Z}$. Here we use this approach to present a family of such digraphs, which, for every fixed value of the degree, have asymptotically large number of vertices as the diameter increases. Up to now, the best known large dense results were all non-constructive.

Justice: a sufficient condition for goal congruence in management control systems

Control systems are a fundamental tool in the management process. Management control systems have been judged using the criterion of goal congruence - that is, to what extent the possible rewards given to people when they take specific actions benefit at the same time individuals and the organization as a whole. Often the concept of justice is not included in the analysis. In recent papers, some theoretical developments have shown that the concept of justice is essential to their dynamics, because it has the potential to change people's attitudes towards the organization and, therefore, their interest in future decisions. However, these developments have been essentially conceptual and have not attempted to go beyond theoretical terms. This paper, using a stylized example, tries to show how this framework can be applied in practice. It also attempts to clarify the concept of goal congruence, by distinguishing between when it is merely quantitative or qualitative and when it can be considered weak or strong. Finally, it goes back to the conceptual model of Cuguero-Escofet and Rosanas (2013) and shows how the practical vision of this case adapts to the conceptual analysis offered in their framework, and draws some conclusions.