Concept Of Colonialism Research Articles

From colonial time to decolonial temporalities.

In this paper, we critique the colonial conception of time and present alternative decolonial temporalities. We propose that the colonial conception of time, which is linear and scarcity centred, is limiting when it comes to the possibility of contextually theorizing trauma and healing. We offer two main arguments. The first argument explores the discourse around the Truth and Reconciliation Commission (TRC) in South Africa. Focusing specifically on Winnie Madikizela and F. W De Klerk, we show that in their engagement with the TRC, the linear, scarcity-centred and gendered nature of colonial time was animated. The second argument extends the first argument by considering how temporality is 'captured' by colonialism to foreground and universalize Western subjectivities and sensibilities. We use what Derek Hook calls a psycho-societal-diagnostic framework in conjunction with Fanon to show how subjectivities are structured in post-apartheid South Africa. We then consider how this time-subjectivity relationship is enacted at a geopolitical level. The paper ends by considering decolonial temporalities as a way to 're-cognize' at a collective level. While the paper engages with a series of concepts and ideas, namely capitalism, politics of justice, gender and race, these are threaded by the concept of time.

White Masters and Black Servants: A Decolonial Analysis of Winky D’s “Happy Again” Music Video

In December 2021, Zimbabwean musician Winky D (born Wallace Chirumiko) released the video to his song “Happy Again.” While many cheered the release, the “Happy Again” video was not immune to criticism. Drawing on concepts of coloniality and decoloniality as well as framing theory, this article uses thematic analysis to deconstruct the kinds of selections that perpetuate coloniality that were spotlighted and made noticeable in the “Happy Again” music video. Further, the article discusses the implications of such depictions as well as proposes possible representations that could have been less problematic. By focusing on race, this article contributes to scholarship on representations in Zimbabwean music which has predominantly examined portrayals of gender. Considering that Winky D’s artistic creation lives on YouTube where many continue to view it, this article relies on cultivation theory to justify why contesting and rejecting the problematic depictions of Blackness and Whiteness in the video is urgent. Despite the British formally leaving Zimbabwe at the country’s flag independence in 1980, the framing of Blackness and Whiteness in the video shows a continuation of imperialist ideas that anchored the colonial project. White people are framed as affluent masters while Black individuals are portrayed as poor servants. These representations have potentially deleterious consequences when embraced by credulous and unwary audiences. The article concludes by highlighting its contributions to nuancing theories used to scaffold the analysis.

Intergenerational Testimonials and the Politics of Black Cherokee Belonging

Abstract This article extends Tiya Miles’s study on the Black Cherokee Shoe Boots family by reading the legal documents they submitted to the Cherokee Nation—citizenship applications and land deeds as intergenerational testimonials. These documents, the article argues, constitute intergenerational testimonials because they record how the Shoe Boots family produced their own archive, their own print record across time and for future generations, as one strategy to build a livable world within and on Cherokee lands. As intergenerational testimonials, they transmit histories of unfinished familial claims and materially contain the fragmentary echoes of a collective set of desires. These testimonials refuse a racial and colonial conception of belonging. The article argues that the collaborative political labor of submitting claims captures the plurality of expression in the documents. What appears as an individual claim, the article contends, is instead linked to a network of familial ties. Put another way, the article reads the use of “I” in a family member’s citizenship application, for example, as constituting a collective utterance that embeds the desires of family members, whether living, lost, or dead.

Veri Sömürgeciliği Çağında Verinin Sömürgecilikten Kurtulması: Profesör Nick Couldry ile Bir Söyleşi

In May 2024, the Faculty of Communication at Üsküdar University hosted the 11th International Communication Symposium, which this year has been delineated on the overarching theme 'Digital Inequality and Data Colonialism’. Among the scholars and subject matter experts serving as keynote speakers during its proceedings, Prof. Dr. Nick Couldry along with Prof. Dr. Ulises A. Mejias- gave an insightful keynote speech entitled “Data Grab: The New Colonialism of Big Tech”, which focused on the subjects explored in the groundbreaking research recently published by the two scholars and entitled Data Grab: The New Colonialism of Big Tech and How to Fight Back. In this context, as founders of the concept of data colonialism, Couldry and Mejias discussed further implications of this concept and how Big Tech companies are nowadays grabbing users’ data, exploiting labour and connections for their profit. We interviewed Professor Nick Couldry on data colonialism and why it represents a radically different concept from those already existing in sociology and communication studies. Moreover, we asked what we can do as users of websites and social media platforms

Normalistas-Teachers and Coloniality of Power in Mexico

This paper examines how the work of normalista-teachers in Mexico illuminates what Lucio Cabañas Barrientos termed the ‘new colonial system’ in 1972. There exists an ideological hegemony which asserts that colonialism ended in most Latin American nations, including Mexico, by the first decade of the nineteenth century. However, as this paper argues, the experiences of normalista-teachers demonstrate that colonialism is far from a relic of the past. Drawing upon the concepts of hegemony and coloniality of power, this study explores how normalista-teachers challenge the notion of ‘modernity’ and the myth of a bygone colonial era. It focuses primarily on the specific cases of teachers Margarita Chávez, Salvador Hernández, Antonio Gaytán, María Mendoza, José Lundez Martínez, Hernández, Ibarra, Elena Torres, Del Palacio, and Montiel. Additionally, it examines the social movements and guerrilla groups led by Genaro Vásquez Rojas and Lucio Cabañas Barrientos. This holds significant weight for critical pedagogy. If, through their lives and work, normalista-teachers are able to reveal how material and symbolic inequalities rooted in colonialism continue to shape Mexico, then this suggests they are not merely educators, but rather epistemic providers of critical pedagogy from a Latin American perspective.

Open is not enough: design considerations for a networked data commons

Recently, researchers within the Networked Learning (NL) community have tried to (re)claim NL’s roots in critical pedagogy and (re)assert its commitment to social justice (Networked Learning Editorial Collective, 2021; 2021a). However, despite these avowed intentions, NL has also been criticised from within for “fail[ing] to take account of emancipatory struggles and political imperatives in society more broadly” (Networked Learning Editorial Collective, 2021a, p. 328). The suggestion is made to put NL “to work … to allow the concept of NL itself to become ‘networked’: to make connections, to interrelate, to transform, mutate, and hybridise in response to the pressing issues of our time” (Networked Learning Editorial Collective, 2021a, p. 359). In this paper, we take concepts from NL and put them “to work” in relation to the design of an informal digital learning environment – that is, a digital environment that lies outside of formal education provision, but that is intended to be a place where knowledge can be shared and circulated and where people encounter knowledge in ways that enable them to think, understand or act differently. The work was carried out in the context of a project aiming to develop design principles for an internet-based platform through people would be able to openly access, learn about and share publicly available data, using Scotland’s waste and re-use data as a case study. In this context, we plug NL into a theoretical and methodological design assemblage that connects concepts of openness, data literacy, (de)coloniality, and participatory design into new formations that we hope will allow these concepts to mutate and hybridise into something closer to the social justice ideals that NL claims.

Racism and Colonialism in Foster’s A Passage to India: A Critical Discourse Analysis

The major concern of this research work is to analyze the concepts related to racism and the aftermaths of British colonial rule in India taking into consideration a very distinctive and remarkable work, A Passage to India (1924) by E.M. Forster in which these contemporary issues are discussed. Racism along with the colonialism has been a very integral part of the past and our society which this current study aims to explore. The qualitative method has been employed in this research and for this reason the present research paper is split into two major sections: The first portion investigates the meaning of racism along with colonialism and how people were treated discriminately during the colonial rule of mid of 19th century. The second section explores the concept of racism and colonialism according to E.M. Forster and the societal conditions in which he produced his work. The finding of present study shows that racism and colonialism creates the hatred between the oppressed and the oppressor, people belonging to the oppressors’ league enjoy more opportunities as compared to the oppressed ones and develops various limitations which lead to the creation of discrimination among the people belonging to different races.

Postcolonial perspectives in the 21st Century: a critical analysis of modern theories and methodologies

The article is devoted to the analysis of modern theories of postcolonial perspective and methodologies applied for their research. The aim of the research is to analyze modern theories and methodologies in studying cultural and social postcolonial phenomena. Also, this research aims to outline methodologies used to investigate postcolonial theories; to introduce practical applications of postcolonial studies across cultural and social dimensions. The research is predominantly interdisciplinary and implies the use of a range of theoretical research methods (theoretical analysis of literature and scientific texts, historical research, discourse analysis, comparative analysis as well as synthesis and interpretation). The article provided the recent interpretation of the concepts of colonialism and postcolonialism. It was found that the mid-20th century marked a shift in focus from colonial to postcolonial studies. The theoretical framework of postcolonial studies is analyzed from diachronic and synchronic tiers. The specifics of six main theories were revealed (postcolonial theory, critical theory, site-specific theory, decolonial theory, and creolization theory). They offer both strengths and weaknesses when analyzing the impacts of colonialism. The methodology of postcolonial studies is usually interdisciplinary and prefers examining the impacts of colonialism based on literary sources and cultural analysis. Other methodologies include: historical research, textual analysis, ethnographic methods, interviews, observations, and comparative analysis. The implications include improving the understanding of the existing socio-political and economic structure and developing effective strategies to overcome the contemporary issues that emerged as a result of colonialism and postcolonialism.

The Colonial Present in Ben Fountain’s Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk

Objectives: The objectives of this study are to explore the colonial techniques and effects used in the novel, Billy Lynn's Long Halftime Walk (2012) by Ben Fountain. The colonial present refers to the active state of colonization and its temporal existence in the present time. Methods: The novel is analyzed in two sections: the first section, "Colonial Justifications," examines the means employed in the novel to reinforce the colonial perspective of Iraq and its people. The second section, "Colonial Innocence," discusses how the negative colonial impact on the local population is erased throughout the narrative and how this erasure serves the comprehensive colonial argument. Results: Although Ben Fountain's novel mocks the war on Iraq and all the accompanying pro-war rhetoric, it still presents a colonial representation of Iraq and its people. Iraq is portrayed as a desert waiting for the West to come and make it flourish and develop. The Iraqis are depicted as in dire need of Western intervention to join the civilized world and interact with advanced nations. Conclusions: Colonial concepts persist in the novel, and the negative colonial repercussions on both the land and the people of Iraq are overlooked.

Responsible extractivism and other tales. LinkedIn, feel good, and the politics of responsible mining on social media

This article uses LinkedIn posts of responsible cobalt service providers to address the role of social media as a tool for corporate social responsibility. I argue that through written narrative, photographic practices, and knowledge production, these small companies assert their dominance on an industry that partly defines the transition to greener consumption. However, a close analysis of the discourses propagated via these mediums suggests that white supremacist, racist, and (post)colonial conceptions of African miners are reiterated and reproduced, largely preventing improvements in Congolese artisanal cobalt mines. Through invisibilization, fetishization, saviorism, and business development, these LinkedIn tales negate miners’ agencies. I illuminate a dual use of contrast in photographic content in the contrasting professionalization of white and African actors and using technical visual ratio and tones to legitimize and magnify their intended actions. Finally, I analyze the information grabbing through the control over information production and dissemination, with self-organized online events and participation in global and regional conferences as a system of othering of Congolese voices in favor of ‘feel good’ activities of service providers.’

The Unappreciated Significance and Source of Meaning in Wild Landscapes: An Arctic Case

Wild places are rich with meaning. This runs contrary to accounts of vast undeveloped regions like the Arctic as being devoid of meaning (and thus open for—or even in need of—resource exploitation) and to accounts that dismiss conceptualizations of the Arctic as containing substantial wilderness landscapes as an invalid colonial concept. There is rather an unappreciated commonality between Indigenous conceptions of place and conceptualizations of wilderness: both recognize undeveloped landscapes as substantial founts of meaning that are not the product of their own projections. Their senses of these meanings are not equivalent but overlap in important respects and are shared by many cultures across the globe, thus challenging premises of relativism and of meaning as merely locally produced. Furthermore, meaning is a topic often overlooked or marginalized in the context of climate change adaptation and nature preservation. The Arctic is considered as a specific case study to illustrate these points as it is one of the world's largest undeveloped areas and is particularly affected by climate change. The Arctic is rich with meaning for the Inuit and other residents who depend on it for sustenance. It also contains some of the most extensive and least developed or otherwise impacted and manipulated landscapes on the planet—a relatively small portion of which is protected as parks and wilderness, though substantial in comparison to temperate or tropical regions. Climate change threatens not only the traditional subsistence livelihoods of Arctic residents, but also the emergent meanings that inhere in these landscapes. Simultaneously, the meaning and value of protected Arctic landscapes, particularly those designated as wilderness, is also under duress. Climate change is impacting the Arctic more than many other areas, posing a threat to its meanings as a home and as a wilderness. Acknowledging the centrality of meaning, while rejecting the “received idea” inherited from constructivist thought that meaning is overlaid on a passive landscape open for—or even in need of—human created meanings, can lead to new approaches to nature preservation and to human adaptation in the era of climate change.

Beynəlxalq münasibətlər diskursunda postkolonializm

Turning to history has always been an important tool for understanding international relations, and this trend remains relevant today. However, if earlier researchers mainly focused on individual events and their possible interpretations, now the main attention is focused on determining the historical characteristics of systems and reflecting this legacy in modern international relations. That is why the postcolonial approach, focused on the gradual evolution of colonial relations into the modern system of international relations, has become especially important; postmodernism is used to explain the concept of postcolonialism. In these concepts, an important place is occupied by the terms colonialism and postcolonialism, which seem to be a continuation of each other, despite the fact that they oppose each other. This article explains some of these concepts. Looking at the development and theoretical history of the concept of postcolonialism, it can be concluded that the concept was first used by Edward Said in his work entitled “Orientalism”. In Edward Said's “Orientalism” (1978) [Said, 1978], although many derivative terms from the concepts of colonialism and imperialism are used, the word postcolonialism does not appear even once in this work. No less important than Edward Said's research into the consolidation of postcolonialism as a concept is Subaltern Studies, first developed by Indian Marxist historians in 1982. Thus, although postcolonialism has not yet reached its final form in terms of naming, thanks to the book "The Empire Writes Back" [Ashcroft, Griffiths, & Tiffin, 1989] published in 1989, today both the term and the theoretical concept are used in modern scientific circles.

Territories as Practice for economic transformations. Insights from Latin American geography

Based on the contributions of critical Latin American geography, this paper proposes an alternative understanding of territories to explore the transformation of regional and local economies towards environmentally friendly and conscious modes of production while tackling uneven development. We argue that economic geography is well-suited to study these transformations due to its emphasis on understanding the spatial distribution and organization of economic activities. However, most of its theorisations are based on the Global North, leaving out discussions in the Global South. A decolonial approach to territories can help understand economic change towards sustainability and inclusiveness, considering alternative institutional and social arrangements that mediate socio-economic relations. The concept of ‘territories as practice’ emerges from critical Latin American geography and challenges monolithic and colonial conceptions of development and modernity. As proposed here, territories as practice allows explaining and planning for regional transformations in non-core regions, while paying attention to how global networks and extra-territorial factors influence economic change. We advocate for a practice-based spatial approach that acknowledges the practices shaping territories, helping us comprehend how localities and communities resist and adopt economic transformations. Territories as practice capture the multiplicity of visions, contradictions, and constructions defining a territory, leading to more inclusive and context-specific approaches to economic transformations.

Andy Adams and Western Myth: the frontier and his ‘Log of a Cowboy’

This article examines the position of Andy Adams’ famous work, The Log of a Cowboy, through the lens of Western myth and the concept of coloniality. The novel has been critiqued in a variety of ways over the years, with reviews often citing the same factors in their evaluations. Foremost of these has been Adams’ lack of finesse in his writing style, with his particular attention to what he deemed to be objective truth. In this study, the Log will be re-examined with the aim of providing a fresh insight into how veterans of the Western trails, such as Adams, viewed the dynamic space in which they lived and worked. Therefore, the concept of the frontier, viewed as a stereotypical assumption in both mythological and colonial terms, is used as a lens of investigation in order to critique Adams’ descriptions and viewpoints. The study concludes that although Adams’ intention was to create a work true to life on the trail, he ultimately permitted himself to become another speaker for Western stereotypes. It is proposed that seemingly innocuous literary works such as the Log can be included amongst discussions of colonial fiction in the wider field of American studies and, by extension, in the latter postcolonial sphere, through their construction of stereotypical discourses and the glorifying of trail life.

Dismantling green colonialism: energy and climate justice in the Arab region

The concept of "green colonialism" has emerged as a critique of environmental policies and projects that perpetuate inequities and injustices, particularly in regions disproportionately affected by climate change. In the Arab region, efforts to transition to renewable energy sources and mitigate climate change have raised questions about environmental justice and the distribution of benefits and burdens. This article provides an analytical examination of the concept of green colonialism in the context of energy and climate justice in the Arab region. Through a comprehensive review of literature and analysis of case studies, this article explores the social, economic, and environmental implications of renewable energy projects and climate policies, and assesses their alignment with principles of justice, equity, and sustainability. The article argues that dismantling green colonialism requires a shift towards participatory decision-making processes, equitable distribution of resources, and recognition of the rights and priorities of marginalized communities, in order to ensure that energy and climate policies contribute to inclusive and sustainable development in the Arab region.

American Neocolonialism on the Soviet Cinema Screen (Based on Films About Latin America)

Introduction. The scientific relevance of the topic is due to the fact that the concepts of colonialism and neocolonialism are currently becoming part of the official Russian political discourse. The article examines how film representations of the struggle against American neocolonialism in Latin America are used to create the image of the American enemy in the context of the Cold War, which determines the novelty of this work. Methods and materials. The article is based on Soviet features and documentary films about Latin America. Analysis and results. The author comes to the following conclusions: images of neocolonial exploitation of Latin America contributed to the creation of the image of the American enemy, endowing it with such features as immorality, greed, cruelty, and contempt for the population of the Third World. In addition, the images of Latin America and the struggle of its population against neocolonialism were used in the politics of Soviet identity. A demonstration of solidarity with the people of Latin America maintained the image of the USSR as the leader of the liberation struggle against (neo)colonialism. The struggle against pro-American governments in Latin America acquired legitimacy through images of the plight of the countries ruled by powers accomplishing American neocolonialism. Films about the Cuban and Nicaraguan revolutions served to predict victory over neocolonialism in the region in particular and the American enemy in the Cold War in general.

Optimized FFNN with multichannel CSP-ICA framework of EEG signal for BCI

The electroencephalogram (EEG) of the patient is used to identify their motor intention, which is then converted into a control signal through a brain-computer interface (BCI) based on motor imagery. Whenever gathering features from EEG signals, making a BCI is difficult in part because of the enormous dimensionality of the data. Three stages make up the suggested methodology: pre-processing, extraction of features, selection, and categorization. To remove unwanted artifacts, the EEG signals are filtered by a fifth-order Butterworth multichannel band-pass filter. This decreases execution time and memory use, both of which improve system performance. Then a novel multichannel optimized CSP-ICA feature extraction technique is used to separate and eliminate non-discriminative information from discriminative information in the EEG channels. Furthermore, CSP uses the concept of an Artificial Bee Colony (ABC) algorithm to automatically identify the simultaneous global ideal frequency band and time interval combination for the extraction and classification of common spatial pattern characteristics. Finally, a Tunable optimized feed-forward neural network (FFNN) classifier is utilized to extract and categorize the temporal and frequency domain features, which employs an FFNN classifier with Tunable-Q wavelet transform. The proposed framework, therefore optimizes signal processing, enabling enhanced EEG signal classification for BCI applications. The result shows that the models that use Tunable optimized FFNN produce higher classification accuracy of more than 20% when compared to the existing models.

An optimized deep learning-based fault-tolerant mechanism for energy efficient data transmission in IoT

<p class="Author">Artificial Intelligence (AI) based framework for the Internet of Things (IoTs) have gained worldwide attention in recent years, mainly with the explosion of Micro-Electro-Mechanical Systems (MEMS) technology. Basically, MEMS has facilitated the development of tiny and smart sensors for the IoT-based framework. An AI-based IoT model is an emerging technology that helps in both fault-tolerant as well as energy-efficient data transmission purposes. For efficient data transmission in an IoT-based model, the concept of Wireless Sensor Network (WSN) plays a vital role that comprises various sensor nodes that communicate together to monitor and gather information from the various Region of Interest (RoI). Generally, sensor nodes are tiny in size and having a small battery life, limited sensing, processing, and communication capabilities. So, the fault-tolerant mechanism for energy efficient data transmission in IoT is a good initiative with the combination of Deep Learning as an AI approach. In this research article, the concept of deep learning-based fault-tolerant mechanism in IoT frameworks for energy efficient data transmission is proposed in an optimized manner. Here, the concept of the Grouped-Bee Colony (GBC) algorithm is designed for the fault detection mechanism as an optimization approach along with the Deep Learning as an AI.<em></em></p>

Are tradition and modernity antagonistic? Ambedkar in and against the postcolonial project

ABSTRACT This paper attempts to demystify the antagonistic relationship between modernity and tradition as construed by Ashis Nandy. As a prominent voice in postcolonial scholarship, Nandy saw modernity as a colonial conception of rights, self, and society. Nandy’s critique of modernity laid the grounds for several projects that rejected the modern consensus for its colonial origins. Juxtaposing Nandy’s reiteration of early anti-modern nationalist thought with a multi-dimensional reading of colonial modernity in contemporary Ambedkarite scholarship, this paper explores the ambivalences of negotiating modern liberalism in a postcolonial order of hierarchical group identities. Despite the close imbrication of modernity with the imperial centre, Ambedkarite scholarship demonstrated how B.R. Ambedkar, synthesized a middle ground, where he incorporated the promise of modernity to liberate the ‘individual’ without dismissing the ‘communal’ collective self, construed by traditions. While postcolonial scholarship is heterogeneous, following Nandy, huge postcolonial melancholia has conflated modernity with coloniality. How do we rethink postcolonial theory from its current culturalist posturing to (re)claim the emancipatory potential of both modernity and tradition? Could it be that Nandy’s anxiety and discomfort with modernity fail to ‘contemporise theory’?

A memória das coisas na expressão da dança: Ismael Ivo e o café

The paper analyses the performance of I had too much coffee, by Ismael Ivo, directed by the German Ralf Schmerberg in 2002. From the audiovisual document, the human values expressed through the dancer’s body language bring forth the concepts of «colonial» and «decolonial». The audiovisual is rich in references to body language and can be interpreted through the concept of intrigue within Paul Ricœur’s narrative framework. The research examines and identifies the social meanings of coffee cultural memory by understanding virtual narratives in times of dystopia and the meanings that emerge from the concept of colonialism. The study utilises the selection of audiovi-sual material and describes the elements of document analysis based on social theory criticism, enabling us to confront contemporary impressions and the chosen memories of the past. The analy-sis yields an understanding that goes beyond the immediate perceptions enabled by entertainment, thus integrating the operative arguments of social reality.