Economic Concepts Research Articles

ЦИРКУЛЯРНА СТІЙКІСТЬ ПІДПРИЄМСТВА ЯК ІНДИКАТОР ОЦІНКИ ЕФЕКТИВНОСТІ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ РЕЦИКЛІНГУ

The concepts of circular economy and sustainable development are recognized as the biggest challenges of today. Under such conditions, the issue of expanding the focus of the circular economy to the micro level, encouraging enterprises to transition from a linear model of the economy to circular (circular) one in conditions of economic uncertainty, is becoming actualized. Thus, the development of the theoretical basis of the concept of the circular economy of the enterprise and the formation of the definition «circular sustainability of the enterprise» as an indicator of the evaluation of the efficiency of recycling technologies. To solve the set goal, the main criteria of the circular economy were revealed in the course of the study, the differences between the circular sustainability of the enterprise, the circularity of the enterprise and the circular economy of the enterprise were characterized, the concept of the circular sustainability of the enterprise was developed, and the relationship of economic theories underlying the concept of circular sustainability was characterized enterprises. For greater thoroughness, the author investigated the following close categories: «circular economy of the enterprise», «circularity of the enterprise» and proposed a new category «circular sustainability of the enterprise». It is justified that these concepts are closely related, but not identical. The similarity between the categories is that they all aim to optimize the use of resources, reduce waste and increase efficiency in terms of environmental sustainability. The differences between the studied categories are determined by the level of application and concentration on specific aspects of management and strategy. It is substantiated that the «circular economy of the enterprise» focuses more on internal processes, the «circularity of the enterprise» covers interaction with the external environment, and the «circular sustainability of the enterprise» focuses on the long-term perspective and the inclusion of circular practices in the overall sustainability strategy. The theoretical basis of the circular sustainability of the enterprise as a symbiosis of economic theories was studied: systems theory, supply chain theory, product life cycle concepts, sustainability theory, closed loop economy theory, social responsibility theory, and innovation theory. Based on the results of the research, the author's concept of «circular sustainability of the enterprise» was developed

Exploiting the Digital Economy for Product Realization in Manufacturing

In this paper, we briefly discuss the evolving concepts of the digital economy, digital threads, and product realization (manufacturing) in the digital economy-enabled futuristic world. We posit that if we need to become self-sufficient, it is imperative that small and medium manufacturing enterprises need to be equitably integrated into the digital economy. We lead this discussion to the most important research questions related to representation, search, and composition to achieve such a realization.

Culture and Morality in the Nineteenth Century: The Origins of Modern European Tolerance

This publication aims to analyze the economic, social, and cultural phenomena that first appeared in the "era of revolutions" that occurred in the nineteenth to early twentieth centuries. The modern European trend toward tolerance, which is the basis of current social and cultural changes, including in our country, has specific intellectual grounds. The subject of the study was the ideosphere of the nineteenth and early twentieth centuries, including philosophical, economic, and psychological concepts that gave rise to modern trends in these areas. The result of this study was the determination of the reasons that caused the change of the ideological paradigm in Europe. The novelty of the research lies in the fact that, for the first time, the intellectual foundations of the formation of tolerance as an actual socio-cultural phenomenon are analyzed. This article consistently proves that among the first such grounds, it is possible to determine the emergence of machine production and, as a result, the appearance of a mass person with a culture corresponding to them, performing a compensatory and entertaining function. The most important cultural foundation is mainly the intellectual "background" created by the teachings of Friedrich Nietzsche, Karl Marx, and Sigmund Freud. The ideas of Anglo-American pragmatism played a significant role in forming a new morality, which included the denial of religion and its values, giving it a utilitarian character. During the subsequent historical period and at present, these views have become the basis for the creation of the so-called "individual faith," in which religion ceases to be the guide of human life but only serves the needs of the individual. The desacralization of religion leads to the study of different aspects of sexuality, which opens up the possibility for modern thinking about gender. The concept of "natural law" should also be attributed to the intellectual factors of the formation of modern European tolerance.

What's in a name? Political and economic concepts differ in social media references to harmful algae blooms

Policies and management decisions in the marine environment are driven in part by public sentiment which can grow more intense during hazard events like Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs). The public conversations on social media sites like Twitter (before X) reveal the polarized nature of HABs through nuanced language and sentiment. This article uses mixed methods of machine learned topic modeling and inductive qualitative coding to describe the ways the long-term 2017–2019 Karenia brevis “red tide” bloom were politicized across Florida's South West coast. It finds that there are topical differences in keywords related to place (e.g. beach, Florida, coast), agent (individual or organization), and epistemic values (reliance on scientific and/or media reports). These topical differences demonstrate different levels of politicization and partisanship in qualitative analysis. Conceptually, this research demonstrates the ways different dimensions of a long-duration marine hazard can be polarized. Regarding management, this research provides insights to political and organizational stakeholders and the gaps in the discourse shaping marine hazards which can be used to strategically guide future social media engagement to manage politicization.What if all the careful work that resource and environmental managers do can be undone by simple, seemingly uncontroversial words? In an era of increased environmental and marine distress—coupled with short format communication—the ways environmental managers choose their words is crucial, even between ostensibly inconsequential nouns like “red tide” or “algae bloom.” Policies and management decisions in the marine environment are driven in part by public sentiment which can grow more intense during hazard events like Harmful Algae Blooms (HABs). The public conversations on social media sites like Twitter (before X) reveal the polarized nature of HABs through nuanced language and sentiment. This article relies on mining social media posts, and uses mixed methods of machine-learned topic modeling and human-driven inductive qualitative coding to describe the ways the long-term 2017–2019 Karenia brevis “red tide” blooms were politicized across Florida's South West coast. It finds that there are topical differences in keywords related to place (e.g. beach, Florida, coast), agent (individual or organization), and epistemic values (reliance on scientific and/or media reports). These topical differences demonstrate different levels of politicization and partisanship in qualitative analysis. Conceptually, this research demonstrates the ways different dimensions of a long-duration marine hazard can be polarized. Regarding management, this research provides insights to political and organizational stakeholders and the gaps in the discourse shaping marine hazards which can be used to strategically guide future social media engagement to manage politicization.

Hydrophobicity and performance analysis of beverage and agricultural waste torrefaction for high-grade bio-circular solid fuel

Torrefaction is recognized as a high-performance technology for converting raw biomass into high-grade solid biofuel. In this study, hydrophobic and ANOVA analyses were employed to investigate torrefied brewery waste, palm kernel shell, and water hyacinth residue. Herein, the torrefaction experiments were conducted at four temperatures (180, 230, 280, and 330 °C) for a residence time of 30 min. The biomass type and temperature were crucial in determining the optimum conditions for three response parameters: energy yield (EY), specific energy consumption (SEC), and hygroscopic reduction equilibrium (HRE). Hydrophobicity was assessed by measuring the contact angle (CA), and equilibrium moisture content (EMC) to represent hygroscopic behavior. The ANOVA results indicated that temperature had the most significant impact on the response parameters. Optimal torrefaction of brewery waste at 180 °C yielded an EY of 82.05 %, SEC of 81.88 kWh/kg, and HRE of 23.2 %. These findings highlight the advantages of biomass-derived torrefaction products in waste utilization, transport, and storage of biomass-derived torrefaction products. Furthermore, this study demonstrates an efficient method for enhancing the fuel quality of biomass, contributing significantly to the bio-circular green economy concept.

Development of Small-scale Integrated Hydroponics—Animal Waste Bioreactor (AWB) for Romaine Lettuce (Lactuca sativa L. var. longofolia) Production

As improper processing and disposal of animal waste cause negative impacts on the environment, the animal industry sector must shift to more sustainable practices to lessen these effects. Recently, the application of the circular economy concept in agriculture, using animal waste as part of nutrient cycling, has emerged as a sustainable approach. The study aims to develop and test the small-scale integrated hydroponics-animal waste bioreactor (AWB) for romaine lettuce production using chicken manure tea (CMT) derived from dried chicken manure as a primary nutrient source. Three integrated hydroponics-AWB systems, with varying concentrations of CMT at 1,000 ppm, 1,200 ppm, and 1,400 ppm total dissolved solids (maintained within an upper and lower bound of 50 ppm), were constructed, tested, and compared to conventional hydroponics that used a nutrient solution maintained at 1,000 ppm TDS. The test result suggests that the ideal concentration of CMT in the system is 1,000 ppm. Within the optimum manure tea concentration, the small-scale integrated hydroponics-AWB produced romaine lettuce with growth parameters comparable to conventional hydroponics. In addition, increasing the CMT concentration to 1,400 ppm negatively impacts the plant growth parameters of romaine lettuce. The developed small-scale integrated hydroponics-AWB system provides a viable approach for growing lettuce using animal waste as the major source of nutrients. The developed production system could help mitigate the negative environmental effects of improper handling and disposal of animal waste and dependence on chemical-based nutrient solutions in hydroponic crop production.

Peran Sistem Pengendalian Manajemen dalam Mendukung Circular Economy Sebagai Bentuk Kontribusi Perusahaan dalam Pelestarian Lingkungan pada Cita Entertainment

This research aims to determine the role of the management control system in supporting Circular Economy standards at Event Organizer CV Cita Entertainment. This research method uses a qualitative method with a descriptive analysis approach. Results show that the scope of this research includes budget planning, logistics and evaluation processes. And the items used are items that are not disposable and can be reused for further activities, in accordance with the 3R concept (Reduce, Reuse, Recycle). Planning and budgeting of goods is carried out carefully so that the circular economy concept can be realized and aims to save the budget. Waste processing procedures that focus on the reuse of durable goods. This is achieved by recording and updating data regarding items that can be used repeatedly. This way, they don't end up as trash, contributing to overall waste minimization. This research aims to provide an understanding of the application of Circular Economy principles in industrial management activities through an effective management control system and targeted waste processing procedures

Socialization of The Green Economy Concept to PKK Women’s Group Community at Moncongloe, Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia

Purpose ­ This community service aims to introduce the concept of green economy to the people of Moncongloe, Gowa, South Sulawesi, Indonesia. This initiative also aims to motivate PKK Women’s group to create environmentally friendly products that have an impact on increasing welfare Methods - The socialization was carried out in several sessions, the first was an introduction to the concept of a green economy, the second was a question and answer session, the third was an introduction to an environmentally friendly product that could be create by PKK women’s group. Result and discussions – PKK’s women group are better informed about green economy concept. They become highly motivated to create products that environmentally friendly product that have economic value. They also are able to make a flower from recyclying plastic. Conclusion –In conclusion, the community service achieved its objectives in increasing the PKK Women’s Group knowledge of green economy concept. Besides that this service also motivated the group to create a product environmentally friendly that has a value added. This will assist theachievement of the Sustainable Development Goal (SDG) to reduce environmental degradation.

Uncovering the Potential of a Circular Economy from an Islamic Economic Perspective

This research reveals the potential of a circular economy from an Islamic economic perspective to integrate circular economic concepts that focus on the wise use of resources and reduce waste with Islamic economic principles that emphasize social justice, sustainability, and economic balance. In this research, a literature analysis and comparative study were carried out on the concept of a circular economy and the principles of Islamic economics. This research was conducted to fill existing research gaps and provide new insights into developing a sustainable economy following Islamic religious principles. The research results show a high compatibility between the circular economy and the Islamic economy. The circular economy concept which involves recycling practices, product reuse, and waste reduction is in harmony with Islamic economic principles which emphasize distributive justice, community empowerment, and environmental protection. These findings can be used as a practical guide for economic practitioners, government, and society in adopting and implementing a circular economy in the context of an Islamic economy.

Теоретическая экономия: вперед и выше к развитию концепции

This section offers an overview of the materials of the 3rd (110th) issue of the journal. In the editor’s opinion, the publications of this issue introduce ideas that allow us to rise, according to the favorite expression of the blessed memory of the esteemed Bronislav Dmitrievich Babaev, «forward and higher» to the development of our concept of theoretical economy, which we have been carrying out on the pages of our publication for almost a decade and a half. It is shown what such a rise consists of on the example of each published work. It is noted that it is manifested, of course, to varying degrees in the speeches of both well-known readers and new authors. The main attention in the content of the proposed issue is still paid to topical problems of theoretical economy, theoretical and economic aspects of the study of new industrialization, modern problems of the world economy, and the creativity of young researchers.

Metamorphosis of basic concepts in political economy

Metamorphosis of basic concepts in political economy

The Importance of the Circular Economy Concept among Organizations within the Food Sector and a Management Systems Perspective

The concept of the circular economy is becoming an increasingly important issue within the economic and political sphere. The aim of the study is to check the opinions of representatives of organizations on the need to act in accordance with the principles of the circular economy concept in organizations and to indicate the differences in these opinions, taking into account the following aspects: the number of implemented management systems and the FSMS implementation. The survey method was used in the study. The surveyed organizations were divided into groups according to two criteria: having implemented food safety management systems and the total number of implemented management systems. The Mann–Whitney U test was used to analyze differences between groups. The conducted research showed that the organizations with more than three MSSs perceive a greater need to act in accordance with the principles of the CE than other companies. There was no sufficient proof to support the hypothesis concerning the higher engagement of food sector organizations in circular economy activities. The size of the organization is a factor that is also irrelevant in this context.

JARANAN TURONGGO SEKTI: TINJAUAN ETNOGRAFI ANALITIS DARI SUDUT PANDANG UNSUR-UNSUR KEBUDAYAAN

The purpose of the current study is to describe the existence of Jaranan Turonggo Sekti as an art productin Suruh Village Trenggalek which is reviewed from the analytical ethnography with the approach ofelements of culture. The underlying concept of Koentjaraningrat’s ethnography framework (2015) wasemployed, stating that there are seven elements of culture, namely (1) religion and religious ceremonies,(2) system of social organization, (3) knowledge system. (4) language. (5) arts, (6) economic system andlivelihood, and (7) living equipment and technology system. In traditional culture, seven elements of cultureare closely linked, integrated one of another, forming part of a whole system. The results of the studydemonstrate that Jaranan Turonggo Sekti describes religion or belief system and religious ceremoniesthrough the rituals of offerings and sense-making of the braid horse being used. System of socialorganization or social relations are portrayed through the spirit of the community, while local knowledgeis applied in the creation of horse figure and its decoration. Language is represented in the form of visuallanguage, whereas arts element, particularly fine arts elements is signified by the figure of the horse.Livelihood system is interpreted in a simple economic concept in which the performance is held with paidresponse model. Technology element is carried out through the process of braid horse making determinedby the technical ability of the person who creates it.

Formation of financial literacy of schoolchildren by teaching solving problems with economic content

This article examines the problem of developing financial literacy among the population, especially among students in secondary schools. The need and methods for improving financial literacy are discussed, with particular emphasis on the subject of mathematics. The article emphasizes the relevance of including the formation of basic financial literacy skills as an important aspect of educating the new generation in the curricula of various school subjects. Ways to integrate financial literacy skills into mathematics instruction are also explored. In the context of mathematics lessons, tasks with real financial and economic content are proposed, aimed at developing basic financial literacy skills among students in grades 5-6. These tasks contribute to the development of basic financial and economic concepts that reflect key aspects of financial relations, as well as the development of practical skills and competencies. Because mathematics and finance share common aspects, using math problems with a financial context helps expand students' understanding of the real-life applications of mathematics in everyday life. The article also demonstrates that knowledge of basic financial concepts and their application in practice contribute to the development of understanding that can contribute to the development of thrift and sound money management skills. The effectiveness of this process is confirmed by the results of experiments conducted in the article.

Pedagogical potential of competence tasks as a means of developing critical thinking of future economists

Purpose. The purpose of the article is to present the means of training future economists for analytical professional activity, which contributes to the development of critical thinking of specialists in economic specialties. Results. The article is devoted to one of the urgent problems of training future bachelors in economics: developing critical thinking in the professional training of economists. We prove that competency-based tasks of economic content are an essential means of developing the critical thinking of future economics specialists. The main competence tasks with economic content include problems with labor productivity, cost, elasticity, rent, interest, compound interest, profitability, market equilibrium, profit, income taxes, credit, optimal decision-making, etc. The competence tasks bind economic concepts with their quantitative and qualitative characteristics and connections. These tasks reflect real economic situations, and solving them contributes to the familiarisation of students with economic concepts and cause-and-effect relationships between them (at the level of representation, assimilation, or consolidation), mathematical models in the economy, development of skills to build and research mathematical models of economic situations, apply mathematical methods and regularities in specific production processes. Scientific novelty. The theory and practice of training economists, which uses competence tasks of economic content as a leading means of developing their critical thinking, has gained further development. The results of the survey of teachers and students confirmed the feasibility of the proposed approach to the use of competence tasks with economic content for the development of critical thinking of future economists. Practical value. Solving competence tasks contributes to developing students’ critical thinking, as it illustrates the process of applying knowledge, skills, and abilities to solving any problems that arise in practice (formalisation, solving a problem within a built model, interpretation). It is advisable to offer such tasks in studying specialised economic disciplines and the first courses in studying “Higher Mathematics”.

Blue Circular Economy—Reuse and Valorization of Bivalve Shells: The Case of Algarve, Portugal

The Circular Economy emerges as an alternative to reinvent the linear production model (take–make–waste), focusing on reintegrating waste into the production cycle, and aiming to minimize both environmental disposal and the unrestrained extraction of raw materials. In this context, the concept of Blue Economy arises, an approach centered on preserving and valorizing marine and coastal resources. This article aims to develop a model for the circuit of bivalve shells, emphasizing the transformation of the residues into new products and identifying how these processes affect sociocultural, economic, and environmental dimensions. The methodology involved the surveying of local stakeholders directly involved in bivalve production and consumption to identify the relationship of these stakeholders with the production, marketing, and disposal of bivalves. It is concluded that biowaste has potential, and there is interest among local stakeholders in reusing it, but a lack of knowledge and connection among stakeholders ultimately leads to the devaluation of the product. The circuit of bivalves is necessary to identify value, propose correct collection, and stimulate interest in their reuse, both by other industries and by the aquaculture industry itself. Exploring the potential for reusing bivalves and mitigating their waste, as well as preventing improper disposal, could drive the development of the Blue Circular Economy in coastal regions.

Enhancing chain-elongating microbiomes: Sequential fungi-bacteria cooperation for efficient food waste upgrading using endogenous electron donors

The upgrading of organic waste such as food waste (FW) into medium-chain carboxylates (MCC) is within a bio-based circular economy concept. An efficient chain elongation (CE) microbiome is difficult to obtain, which normally requires long-term acclimatization and an exogenous supplement of electron donor (ED, especially ethanol). In this study, the CE microbiome was rapidly shaped within 18 days and an efficient endogenous ethanol-based CE was achieved through the amendment of distiller yeast (DY) during FW fermentation. Multiple FW feeding accumulated the caproate concentration to 5.76 ± 0.33 g COD/L, which also regulated the CE process from ethanol-dependent to lactate-dependent metabolism. During the lactate-based CE process, the caproate production increased linearly (R2 = 0.82) with the rising D-lactate content. Ethanol-producing fungi yeast mainly consisted of Wickerhamomyces (66.54 %), Saccharomycopsis (5.37 %), Issatchenkia (2.21 %), unclassified_f_Metschnikowiaceae (1.73 %), and Saccharomyces (1.33 %). These yeasts were eliminated by FW feeding, which was in line with the alteration of ED preference from ethanol to lactate. Metagenome analysis indicated that the total relative abundance of lactate-based chain elongators including Ruminococcaceae bacterium CPB6, Clostridium luticellarii, Caproiciproducens galactitolivorans, and Megasphaera elsdenii was increased by 28.6 %, while the ethanol-based chain elongator Clostridium kluyveri kept stable after FW feeding. In addition, the functional genes related to the oxidation of lactate to acetyl-CoA were enriched after FW feeding, which further enhanced the subsequent CE pathway of acetyl-CoA-based reverse β oxidation rather than the fatty acids synthesis. This study provides a new insight into upgrading FW into valuable MCC without exogenous ED addition.

Chemical engineering and the circular water economy: Simulations for sustainable water management in environmental systems

In the face of escalating water scarcity and environmental degradation, the imperative for sustainable water management has never been more urgent. Chemical engineering emerges as a pivotal discipline in the pursuit of solutions to these pressing challenges. This review explores the role of chemical engineering in advancing the circular water economy paradigm through simulations aimed at fostering sustainable water management within environmental systems. The circular water economy concept advocates for the efficient utilization, recycling, and reclamation of water resources to minimize waste and maximize resource efficiency. Chemical engineering techniques play a fundamental role in realizing this vision through the design and optimization of water treatment processes, resource recovery systems, and advanced simulation methodologies. This review delves into the application of computational simulations within the realm of chemical engineering to model and analyze various aspects of the water cycle. Such simulations enable the assessment of complex environmental systems, aiding in the identification of optimal strategies for water resource allocation, pollution control, and ecosystem preservation. Key areas of focus include the simulation of wastewater treatment processes, such as biological, physical, and chemical treatment methods, to enhance pollutant removal efficiency and promote water reuse. Furthermore, advanced modeling techniques facilitate the evaluation of innovative technologies like membrane filtration, adsorption, and electrochemical processes for the purification and desalination of water resources. Moreover, chemical engineering simulations enable the assessment of integrated water management strategies, encompassing aspects of urban water systems, industrial processes, and agricultural practices. By considering the interconnectedness of various sectors, holistic approaches to water resource management can be formulated, promoting resilience and sustainability in the face of changing environmental conditions. The integration of chemical engineering simulations into the framework of the circular water economy offers a promising avenue for advancing sustainable water management practices. Through comprehensive modeling and analysis, informed decision-making can pave the way towards a more resilient and equitable water future, ensuring the long-term viability of our environmental systems.

Человеческие ресурсы в условиях цифровой экономики

The article examines the change in human resources caused by the digitalization of the economy. The effects of digitalization of the labor market are highlighted, which transform the approach to understanding human resources. An approach is considered in which the digital economy and the knowledge economy are linked into one system, since it is knowledge and digital competencies that play a key role for an employee in the conditions of the modern labor market. It is noted that not only requests to the employee are changing, but also to the organization itself from the employee or the applicant. The basic principles of human resource development are highlighted. The concept of a gig economy developing as a result of digitalization is considered, as well as some of the risks for organizations and employees arising from the development of new formats of interaction between employees and employers.

Implementation of the Provisions of the Cluster Theory into the Accounting System: Genesis and Evolution

In current economic conditions, a large number of enterprises carry out their activities by joining into network (cluster) structures, which is one of the means of improving competitive relations in the external environment. To ensure the integration of the interests of participants in network structures by increasing the coordination and controllability of interactions, a significant place is given to the accounting system as the main source of information. The article aims to study the theoretical and methodological foundations of implementing the cluster economy concept in the accounting system. The methodological basis is the fundamental provisions of modern economic institutional theory and scientific works of scientists. As a result of the research, it was possible to analyze the historical aspects of the development of accounting support for managing cluster structures. The areas of development of accounting based on the provisions of economic theory and taking into account the specific features of cluster structures are identified and substantiated.