Concentrations Of Re Research Articles

Extraction and sorption recovery of rhenium(VII) using oligodentate β-аminophosphoryl compounds

The interphase distribution of microquantities of ReO4– between aqueous solutions of mineral acids and solutions of oligodentate β-aminophosphoryl compounds in organic solvents was studied. The stoichiometry of the extracted complexes was determined, the influence of the concentration of HClO4, HNO3, HCl and H2SO4 in the aqueous phase, the structure of the extractant and the nature of the organic solvent on the efficiency of the transition of ReO4– ions into the organic phase was considered. The possibility of selective extraction and concentration of Re(VII) with a complexing sorbent obtained by non-covalent attachment of tris[bis(2-diphenylphosphorylethyl)aminoethyl]amine on the surface of the macroporous polymer Amberlite XAD7HP was demonstrated.

Unraveling the corrosion mechanism of high entropy Yb2(Zr0.2Hf0.2Ti0.2Sn0.2Ce0.2)2O7 under CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CMAS) attack

The infiltration depth of Yb2(Zr0.2Hf0.2Ti0.2Sn0.2Ce0.2)2O7 - referred to as Yb₂(5HE)₂O₇ - is only 25 % of Yb2Zr2O7 after corroding for 24 h. The enhanced CaO-MgO-Al2O3-SiO2 (CMAS) resistance of Yb2(5HE)2O7 is ascribed to the formation of a dense and stable sealing layer at the infiltration front, primarily consisting of apatite enveloping large fluorite grains. The rapid precipitation of apatite is promoted by large ionic radius and the increased RE concentration due to the rapid dissolution of Ce. This facilitates rapid saturation of RE ions at the grain boundaries, leading to the precipitation of apatite around fluorite. Additionally, the large Ce enhances the driving force for apatite crystallization.

Electrodeposited NiFeCo + Tb and Dy for enhanced magnetostrictive properties and soft magnetism

Magnetostrictive thin films have numerous applications in communications, sensors, and microelectronic devices. Such devices usually require magnetostrictive thin films with large magnetostriction and soft magnetic properties. Nickel-Iron-Cobalt (NiFeCo) alloys have excellent soft magnetic properties and can be easily fabricated as thin films. However, their main drawback for these sensing applications is that they have very low magnetostriction. On the other hand, Iron-Rare Earth (RE) alloys such as Fe-Tb-Dy or Fe-Ga have large magnetostriction at the cost of some soft magnetic properties. Moreover, their magnetostrictive properties are degraded when reduced to thin films as opposed to bulk materials due to structural imperfections and oxidation of the REs. In this paper, we report the development of NiFeCo thin films with incorporated rare earth elements prepared via electrodeposition. Electrochemical cells were prepared using Ni, Fe, and Co sulfate salts. Tb and Dy sulfates were added to the electrochemical cell in order of increasing concentration. Electrodeposition was then carried out under galvanostatic control for each RE concentration in the bath. The produced films were analyzed for composition, crystallinity, and magnetic properties to draw out trends based on the initial concentrations of rare earth salts in the bath. The produced thin films retained soft magnetic properties while exhibiting giant magnetostriction of up to ∼370 ppm depending on the type and amount of incorporated REs within the film. The combination of soft magnetism and giant magnetostriction makes these NiFeCo thin films with added Tb and Dy excellent candidates for developing resonant frequency sensing devices.

Study on the efficacy and mechanism of treatment of manganese-containing wastewater by pulse-alternating current coagulation

ABSTRACT To assess the effectiveness and underlying mechanism of pulse-alternating current coagulation (PACC) for treating manganese-laden wastewater, we examined the influence of various parameters. Specifically, we investigated the impact of current density, initial pH, initial Mn2+ concentration, electrolyte concentration, and alternating current frequency on the removal efficacy. The removal mechanism was meticulously examined using an adsorption kinetics analysis, Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM), Energy Dispersive Spectroscopy (EDS), Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum (FTIR), and X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS). The findings indicated that the concentration of Re (Mn2+) was 99.09% under the specified conditions: j = 2.5 A·m−2, pH0 = 7, c 0(Mn2+) = 50 mg·dm−3, f = 500 Hz, c 0(NaCl) = 500 mg·dm−3 and t = 40 min. When Re (Mn2+) = 98%, the energy consumption (EEC) was significantly lower for PACC at 1.23 kWh·m−3, compared to 1.52 kWh·m−3 for direct current condensation (DCC). This indicated a reduction in EEC by 19.1% when using PACC over DCC. The adsorption process of Mn2+ by the iron sol adheres to the principles of pseudo-second order kinetics. The primary component of flocs generated in the PACC process is α-FeOOH. The mechanism of Mn2+ removal in the PACC process involved the synthesis of Mn oxides, the formation of metal hydroxide precipitates and adsorption by nano-iron sol. This study provides a theoretical basis and technical support for the application of PACC technology in the field of manganese-containing wastewater treatment.

Multiwall carbon nanotubes supported rhenium doped Co3O4 as an efficient electrocatalyst for water oxidation in alkaline medium

The recent trends for the development of efficient and low cost transition metal (TMs) based anode catalysts for water splitting is crucial and important. Even though, research is continuously progressing in different directions to design catalyst; however, catalytic OER (oxygen evolution reaction) activity has remained insufficient. Till now, various transition metal oxides (TMOs) have been used as efficient and cost-effective electrocatalyst for the oxygen evolution reaction. The catalytic performance of TMOs could be enhanced by doping with the metal, which increases the catalyst's charge transfer and electronic conductivity. Decoration of TMOs with the multi-wall carbon nanotube (MWCNT) further improves catalytic activity by providing numerous active sites. Here, Co3O4/MWCNT and Rhenium (Re) doped Co3O4/MWCNT composite were prepared by simple hydrothermal process and used as electrocatalyst for OER in alkaline medium. Different concentrations of Re (0.05 mmol, 0.1 mmol, 0.2 mmol, 0.3 mmol) were doped and it was observed that the electrochemical results of the 0.2 mmol Re doped Co3O4/ MWCNT (R0.2CO) was most efficient electrocatalyst which offers the OER overpotential of 298 mV/dec to attain the 10 mA cm−2 current density, lower Tafel slope (70 mV/dec), higher value of turn over frequency (0.95), lower value of the charge transfer resistance (3.10Ω) and good stability, demonstrating the better OER catalytic activity as compared to un-doped Co3O4/MWCNT (R0.0CO) catalyst. The investigated catalyst R0.2CO is more efficient catalyst than most of the reported similar type of catalysts and offers comparable electrocatalytic activity with benchmark electrocatalyst RuO2.

Giant electrostriction in bulk RE (III) substituted CeO2: Effect of RE-[formula omitted] interaction and RE concentration

Recent discovery of giant electrostriction in bulk polycrystalline ceramics and thin films of rare earth (RE (III)) substituted ceria (CeO2) driven by electroactive defect complexes and their coordinated elastic response, expands the material spectrum for electrostrain applications beyond the conventional piezoelectric materials. Bulk ceramics provide an ideal platform to systematically study electrostriction as a function of parameters such as RE3+-defect (VO••) interaction and RE concentration. In this work, we perform structure-property correlation studies in bulk ceramics of RE3+ substituted ceria (RECO) with RE=Y, La and Gd, all of them having weak dopant-defect interaction, with Y- VO•• being attractive, La-VO•• being repulsive, and Gd-VO•• being neutral. We employ large signal measurements to measure the electrostrictive coefficients of all the RECO ceramics, with varying concentration of RE3+, and show that an attractive defect-dopant interaction with atleast 20% of substituent ion concentration yields both giant M and Q electrostrictive response.

Integrated Data Modeling and Biological Evaluation of PEGylated Konjac Gum-Rosin Pentaerythritol Polymeric Nanocomposites for Enhanced Antimicrobial Performance

The increasing prevalence of antibiotic-resistant pathogens necessitates the development of novel antimicrobial agents. Herein, PEGylated konjac gum-supported rosin pentaerythritol nanocomposites (KG/PEG/RE PNCs) were synthesized using an environmentally friendly sonochemical method, aiming to explore their potential antibacterial and antifungal properties against a range of pathogens, including Candida albicans, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Aspergillus brasiliensis, and Staphylococcus aureus. An elaborate investigation into the rheological properties of these PNCs highlighted the dependence of viscosity on synthesis parameters such as RE concentration, sonication time, and KG/RE blend ratio with the Higiro model validated as a suitable mathematical model for defining the intricate relationship between experimental and resulting viscosity of PNCs. The integration of machine learning (ML), particularly polynomial regression, enabled the modeling of the complex dynamics influencing PNC viscosity, thus advancing comprehension of PNCs behavior in relation to the synthesis parameters. The modeling facilitated precise formulation to predict PNC viscosity with high accuracy, as confirmed by a mean squared error (MSE) of 3.81 and an R2 of 0.993. Moreover, the PNCs demonstrated broad-spectrum antimicrobial activity, reaching an inhibition plateau during the first week, confirming its efficacy as a versatile antibacterial and antifungal agent. Combining advanced data modeling techniques with biological assessments, this integrated approach represents a step forward in understanding and optimizing polymeric nanostructures.

An investigation into RESZ (RE = Yb, Er, Gd, Sm) materials for CMAS resistance in thermal barrier coatings

The effects of rare earth dopants on the CMAS resistance of zirconia thermal barrier coating materials were systematically investigated using ceramic pellets and CMAS. Yb, Er, Gd and Sm elements were assessed as stabilising agents of zirconia at increasing concentrations for CMAS reactions at 1300 °C across timeframes of 1 to 60-minutes. Two distinct microstructures of the ceramic pellet –CMAS reaction layer were observed then characterised as a dense layer microstructure and a non-dense layer microstructure. The presence of each microstructure was dependent on the RE ionic radius and concentration. The thickness of the reaction layer and overall volume of precipitated reaction products increased with increasing RE ionic radius. Therefore, an optimal RE element would exhibit dense layer forming microstructure with the lowest overall infiltration depth. CMAS loading volume significantly impacted the rate of reaction product precipitation. The volume of apatite precipitate was inversely proportional to the CMAS loading quantity.

Sol-gel synthesized RexBi1-x-O thin films for electrochemical creatinine sensing: A facile fabrication approach

The escalating predominance of renal diseases has obliged vigorous research on developing efficient and cost-effective biosensors for creatinine, an aspirant biomarker reflecting renal health. Herein, we fabricated a highly sensitive and selective Rhenium (Re)-doped Bismuth oxide (Bi2O3) (RexBi1-x-O) based enzymatic electrochemical creatinine biosensor. Various concentrations of Re (5%, 10%, and 20%) were mixed with Bi2O3 solution via facile sol-gel synthesis and deposited on an Indium Tin oxide (ITO) substrate. The detailed physicochemical and electrochemical performance of the thin film was investigated and compared at different annealing temperatures (400 °C, 500 °C, and 600 °C). The optimized RexBi1-x-O thin film (Re0.10Bi0.90-O at 500 °C annealing temperature) depicted a limit of detection (LOD) as low as 28 μM in a concentration range of 0.05 mM–2 mM with excellent selectivity. To ensure the feasibility of the proposed creatinine sensor, its sensing performance was verified in human serum contaminated with altered creatinine concentrations, which manifested a satisfactory recovery rate. Eventually, the outstanding performance of RexBi1-x-O-based enzymatic creatinine sensor indorsed it as an accountable candidate for even more complex markers detection.

Age identification of the root of Huanren mountain cultivated ginseng and differentiation with cultivated ginseng using terahertz spectroscopy

Mountain-cultivated ginseng (MCG), which is considered the highest quality Panax ginseng C.A. Meyer, is priced higher than cultivated ginseng (CG) due to its longer growth period in the forest. However, accurately determining their age has been a persistent challenge. In this study, we examined the concentration of ginsenoside Rg1, Re, Rb1, and Rd in MCG and CG by analyzing their terahertz spectroscopic peaks. We found that MCG exhibited significant absorption peaks at 5.11, 8.23, and 9.07 THz in the range of 2–12 THz, while CG showed remarkable peaks at 8.67 and 10.57 THz. By combining the absorption raw data with multivariate statistical analysis OPLS-DA and machine learning, we were able to effectively distinguish MCG from CG with a coefficient of determination (R2) of 97.5 % and a predictive rate (Q2) of 94.5 %. Additionally, using the Multilayer Perceptron (MLP) algorithm, we accurately classified MCG samples aged 5–20 years into three distinct groups with an accuracy of 96.0 %. In contrast, the ginsenoside content analysis using high-performance liquid chromatography only provided broad categories for species and age groups. The terahertz method proved to be a fast and time-saving technique without the need for additional preparation. This method not only enables the differentiation of MCG from CG, but also allows for age-based categorization.

A method for the separation of U and RE from LiCl–KCl eutectic salt containing a high concentration of RE

A method for the separation of U and RE from LiCl–KCl eutectic salt containing a high concentration of RE

Impact of sodium alginate-based film loaded with resveratrol and thymol on the shelf life of cooked sausage and the inoculated Listeria monocytogenes.

In present study, sodium alginate biodegradable films containing different concentrations of resveratrol (RES: 0.002% and 0.004%) or thymol (THY: 0.5% and 1%) and their combinations were prepared, and evaluated for their effects on spoilage-related microbial profile, lipid oxidation, sensory properties, and protective effects against Listeria monocytogenes in beef mortadella sausage during 40 days storage at 4°C. The release rate of phenolic compounds was determined by the Folin-Ciocalteu test. To assess the shelf life of the product, changes in total viable count (TVC), lactic acid bacteria count (LAB), psychrotrophic bacteria count (PTC), pH levels, thiobarbituric acid reactive substances (TBARS) levels, and sensory characteristics (taste, color, odor, and overall acceptability) were evaluated. For the sensory evaluation, a panel of 70 semi-trained judges was selected according to their initial performance. Samples wrapped with sodium alginate films containing 1% THY (alone or combined with different concentrations of RES) exhibited lower bacterial counts compared to other experimental groups at the end of the storage period (6.01-6.35 vs. 6.71-8.17 log10 CFU/g for TVC, 5.37-5.83 vs. 6.07-7.11 log10 CFU/g for LAB, 5.08-5.18 vs. 5.40-7.23 log10 CFU/g for PTC, and 6.53-6.92 vs. 7.23-9.01 log10 CFU/g for inoculated L. monocytogenes). Sodium alginate films containing the combination of 0.004% RES and different concentrations of THY showed higher antioxidant effects than other experimental groups (TBARS values of 1.68-1.99 vs. 2.23-3.80 mg MDA/kg sample). The sodium alginate film containing 0.004% RES + 1% THY exhibited the highest antimicrobial and antioxidant activities and highest sensory scores among all treatments. These findings highlight the potential application of the sodium alginate film containing a combination of RES and THY as an active packaging material with natural preservatives in the meat products industry. This application can effectively extend the shelf life and enhance the microbial safety of clean-label cooked sausages during refrigerated storage.

Development of pH-sensitive films based on buckwheat starch, critic acid and rose petal extract for active food packaging

The pH sensitive films were developed by casting method using buckwheat starch (BS, 5% dry basis) as a base material, citric acid (CA, 1–5% w/w of dry starch) as a crosslinker, and natural rose petals extract (RE, 5–15% v/v of the total solution) as a pH indicator. RE increased the thickness, moisture, elongation at break, UV–vis light barrier ability, and antioxidant properties of films. The interaction between anthocyanin and starch was confirmed by FTIR, which showed band shifting near 995 cm−1. At higher RE concentrations, the surface of the film became rough and uneven due to agglomeration of extract materials. In contrast, CA improved water solubility, tensile strength, and UV rays blocking by forming ester linkage between starch molecules. Increasing RE and CA reduced the crystallinity of films (from 37.32% to 18.56%), which improved flexibility. All RE-containing films changed their color from pinkish to greenish yellow as the pH increased from 5 to 9. The film containing 5% of CA and 6.36% of RE was found to be more desirable and could be used as smart packaging for monitoring food quality and safety.

Super-enrichment of ultra-low concentration rhenium via synergistic co-flocculation precipitation using CTAB and ferric salt hydrolysis micelles

Super-enrichment and recovery of associated Rhenium (Re) in sandstone-type uranium deposits is challenging due to its sparse distribution and ultra-low contents in raw ores. Conventional industrial processes are extremely difficult to achieve economic recovery of Re with a concentration below 0.1 mg/L from in-situ leaching solutions of sandstone-type uranium deposits. This study proposes a novel approach for achieving super-enrichment ultra-low concentration of Re using a synergistic co-flocculation precipitation system composed of cetyltrimethylammonium-bromide (CTAB) and ferric salt (FeCl3) hydrolysis micelles. Experimental results reveal that the enriched content of Re in the co-flocculation precipitates is as high as 503 g/t, nearly 3353 times higher than that in the in-situ leaching solutions. The synergistic precipitation percentage of Re can reach more than 60%, which is larger than the sum of using CTAB micellar flocculation (30.16%) and FeCl3 hydrolysis micellar flocculation (5.43%) separately. Furthermore, the synergistic co-flocculation and precipitation mechanism of Re is examined by SEM, turbidity, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, Zeta potential analysis, and DTF calculations. Results demonstrate that the ReO4- anions first form ion associations with CTA+ cations through electrostatic force, which are subsequently captured to forms insoluble co-flocculating precipitate via weak intermolecular hydrogen bond force between Fe(OH)3 and ReO4-, which promotes the super-enrichment of the ultra-low concentration Re. In summary, this process presents great potential for the efficient recovery Re from a large amounts of sandstone-type uranium deposits leaching solution, and provides new insights into the enhancement mechanism of synergistic co-flocculation precipitation.

Characterization of trace and heavy metal concentration in groundwater: A case study from a tropical river basin of southern India

This study investigates the hydrogeochemistry of groundwater samples collected from the Shiriya River Basin (SRB), a tropical watershed located in Kasaragod, Kerala, southern India, with a special focus on trace elements. Fifty-four groundwater samples were collected from deep aquifers, which constitute weathered and fractured granitoids and mafic rocks, and the groundwater is tapped by bore wells from a fractured zone at a depth range of 60–100 m. Concentrations of Sr, Li, Ba, Al, V, Cr, Mn, Fe, Co, Ni, Cu, Zn, As, Se, Cd, Ag, Au, Te, Pb, Re, and PGEs in groundwater were determined by using Q-ICPMS. Out of the 25 analysed trace elements in groundwater, only Sr (489.6 μg/L), Ba (226 μg/L), Li (11.76 μg/L) Mn (396.8 μg/L), Ni (68 μg/L) and Fe (2438.5 μg/L) show anomalous values. The PGEs and the majority of trace elements show values within the permissible limit. Raman spectral studies reveal the presence of celsian in aquifer rocks and are the source of Ba in groundwater. Further, XRF data of the rocks show a high enrichment of Fe and Mn in mafic dyke, basalt, and syenite, and Ba and Sr in granite, pegmatite, and granitic gneiss. Therefore, this study proved that the source of these elements is geogenic, i.e., they are released from the crystalline aquifer through rock-water interaction under alkaline conditions. The results of this study show that the groundwater of the basin has enough metals such as Na, K, Mg, Ca, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, and Zn, which are good for health. Nevertheless, a few metals (Fe, Mn, Ba, Sr, Li, Ni) that may exert toxic effects on humans are also present in the groundwater of the SRB. As groundwater is found to be a dependable source of drinking water in such watersheds, a comprehensive study on the hydrogeochemistry of all watersheds in tropical regions is recommended.

Analysis of residual thermal stress for AlN crystal growth by PVT

The residual thermal stress of AlN grown by the PVT method during the cooling process is investigated. Firstly, the stress at the AlN interface is evaluated by measuring Raman frequency shifts and through finite element analysis. The reliability of the calculation model is verified by comparing the results of simulations and experiments. Next, the effect of the geometrical size of AlN and W on the thermal stress is discussed, and the evolution of thermal stress originating from the cooling process is studied. To further reduce the residual thermal stress of AlN, the thermal expansion coefficient of the W holder is adjusted by the addition of elements with high thermal expansion. The results show that the thermal stress concentration at the edges of AlN can be reduced by using a W holder with the same radius as the crystal. When a thinner W holder is used, the thermal stress formed at the AlN interface is lower. The evolution of thermal stress changes from compressive to tensile stress during the whole cooling process. Moreover, the thermal stress of AlN decreases with the increasing concentration of Re and Ta when the W alloy is used as a crystal holder.

Development and characteristics of a low rare-earth containing magnesium alloy with high strength-ductility synergy

In this study, we successfully developed a low RE containing Mg-3Y-2Gd-1Nd-0.5Zr (wt%) alloy with high strength-ductility synergy by combined processes of hot extrusion, hot rolling and ageing. This alloy exhibits an excellent strength-ductility balance (UTS of 345 ± 2.0 MPa, TYS of 301 ± 5.0 MPa and EL of 9.2 ± 1.9%), which is better than that of many Mg-RE wrought alloys with higher RE concentration and even comparable to that of 6061 Al wrought alloy. A long-range chain-like structure consisting of β′ phase, β H phase, β M phase and zig-zag atomic columns is observed for the first time in the studied alloy. The combined process of hot extrusion and hot rolling boosts the formation of deformed grains and low angle grain boundaries, and makes the deformed grains dominate in the alloy strengthening. Under this circumstance, the following ageing generates a novel heterogeneous structure comprising the long-range chain-like structure with broad interparticle spacing and the spacious precipitate-free zones in the deformed grains, which plays a key role in the concurrent strengthening and toughening of the alloy. The present study demonstrates that the deformed grains with long-range chain-like structures and precipitate-free zones is desirable microstructure for the low RE containing Mg alloys to achieve high strength-ductility synergy.

Uncovering Ce-rich clusters and their role in precipitation strengthening of an AE44 alloy

The peak-aged (250°C for 4 h) magnesium-aluminum-rare earth (Mg-Al-RE) alloy AE44-2 produced using high-pressure die casting, exhibits a 10 % increase in yield strength attributed to the formation of nanoscale AlMn precipitates. Here, in the as cast state, we show by atom probe tomography Ce-rich clusters in the dendritic and not in the inter-dendritic α-Mg, despite a higher RE concentration. Their formation hence depends mainly on solidification kinetics and not on the concentration. The Ce-rich clusters within the dendritic region, act as heterogeneous nucleation sites for the formation of Al10Mn7RE2 nanoscale precipitates during the T5 heat treatment. No changes in the Al11RE3 lamella phase were observed, including to the concentration of segregated Si at the Al11RE3/α-Mg interface. Understanding the precipitate formation pathways, specifically the influence of low concentrations of Ce in the dendritic matrix, provides a pathway for tailoring mechanical properties by manipulating these clusters and consequently precipitation.

New insights into the microstructural stability based on the element segregation behavior at γ/γ′ interface in Ni-based single crystal superalloys with Ru addition

A new insight into the microstructural stability was proposed in Ni-based single crystal superalloys with Ru addition, and the element segregation behavior at γ/γ′ interface was investigated by three-dimensional atom probe technology (3D-APT). After standard heat treatment, it was found that Ru addition barely altered the element partitioning coefficient between γ matrix and γ′ phase, and no element-segregation layer was observed at γ/γ′ interface. During the heat exposure at 1100 °C, Ru addition obviously promoted the rafting of the γ′ precipitates and inhibited the precipitation of topological close-packed (TCP) phases. It was more important that an element-segregation layer containing Re, Co, and Cr was formed in the γ matrix close to the γ/γ′ interface due to an “uphill diffusion” effect, and its concentration was obviously reduced after Ru addition. Finally, the microstructural stability based on the element segregation behavior at γ/γ′ interface was discussed. This element-segregation layer increased the γ/γ′ interfacial energy by increasing the absolute value of the lattice misfit of γ/γ′ interface to promote the rafting of the γ′ precipitates after Ru addition. On the other hand, the decrease of the segregation concentration of Re, Co, and Cr elements as TCP phase-forming elements near the γ/γ′ interface due to a “reverse partitioning” effect inhibits the precipitation of TCP phases in Ni-based single crystal superalloys after Ru addition.

Rhenium extraction from pressure oxidative leaching solution of molybdenite concentrate using hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents

This research is one of the early studies to evaluate the capability of hydrophobic deep eutectic solvents (DESs) as an eco-friendly solvent for precious and strategic metal extraction, rhenium (Re). In this study, the selective transfer of Re from aqueous solution and pressure oxidative leaching solution of molybdenite concentrate was investigated by mixing fatty acid (Decanoic acid) and quaternary ammonium salt (Aliquat 336). To evaluate the extraction potential of hydrophobic-DES in the ratio of Decanoic acid (Deca):Aliquat 336 = 2:1, FTIR, 1H NMR, thermal gravimetric analysis was used. For finding an optimum condition for Re separation, various extraction conditions were initially investigated in synthetic aqueous solution. In this area, the maximum extraction percentage was obtained at a concentration of Re = 100 mg/L, ratio of organic to aqueous phase (O:A) = 1 to 25, contact time = 10min, pH = −0.5, and temperature = 25°C. In the stripping step, the recovery of >90% Re at selected O:A = 5:1 showed that significant reduction of water consumption. After that, the complex situation for selective Re extraction from molybdenite leaching solutions with different cations and anions was studied. For increasing the extraction and separation factor of Re in comparison to the other ionic specious (e.g., Cu, Fe, Mo and S), the neutralization process was also applied. To understand the extraction mechanism for Re, anion exchange constant (KOE) and ion pair constant (KIP) were determined. In this area, the ion pair formation was chosen as the main reaction mechanism; however, anion exchange reaction was not negligible role in Re extraction. Toxicity study on hydrophobic-DES was investigated by MTT (3-(4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide) method. The obtained results according to IC50 and viability of cells culture represented the low toxicity of hydrophobic-DES.