Orange Concentration Research Articles

Effects of carbon sources on pigment production by <i>Talaromyces purpurogenus</i> LC128689 in liquid surface cultures

A pigment producing fungus was isolated from soil collected from cassava processing site in Ebonyi State. The effects of carbon sources on pigment production by the isolate in liquid surface cultures were studied. Pigment production in a basal medium composed of (in g/L) MgSO4, 0.4; NaNO3, 0.8; peptone, 15 mixed with 12g/L of one of the following carbon sources: glucose, Ipomea batatas, Dioscorea alata, Manihot esculenta cratz, Colocasia esculenta flour or soluble starch, was investigated. The highest red, orange and yellow pigment concentrations were obtained with sweet potato and water yam flour, followed by soluble starch while the least pigment concentrations were obtained with glucose. Unit optical densities of red (13), orange (9.5) and yellow (11) pigments were produced by the fungus using Ipomea batatas flour. These were higher than the concentrations of red (9), orange (7) and yellow (10.5) produced from Hajjaj medium composed of (in g/L) Glucose, 50; monosodium glutamate, 12; K2HPO4, 2.5; KH2PO4, 2.5; MgSO4, 1; KCl, 0.5; ZnSO4, 0.001; FeSO4, 0.001; and MnSO4, 0.001. The results indicate that Ipomea batatas flour is a better carbon source than glucose for pigment production by T. purpurogenus and thus has a very high potential for commercial production of pigments.Keywords: Microbial pigments, natural colourants, carbon sources, sweet potato, T. purpurogenus

Preparation and photocatalytic activity of carbon dot/Ag/AgCl

CD (carbon dot)/Ag/AgCl compound photocatalysts with different compounding degrees were prepared via a precipitation method, and their physiochemical properties were characterized by X‐ray diffraction, FE‐SEM, UV–vis and the like. Through the degradation experiment of methyl orange (MO), the effects of different compounding amount and methyl orange concentration on photocatalytic degradation were investigated to find the best ratio. It was found the photocatalytic activity of CD/Ag/AgCl was significantly higher than Ag/AgCl, and the best compounding dosage was 6 mg/l carbon dot. The degradation rate of CD/Ag/AgCl was lower when the initial MO concentration was higher. Five repeated experiments were conducted to test the stability of the catalysts, and showed the MO degradation rates were all above 85%, indicating the CD/Ag/AgCl compound photocatalysts all showed high stability and repeatability. The reaction mechanism of CD/Ag/AgCl photocatalyst was studied by electrochemical experiments and ESR experiments. The results show that the doping of CD effectively improves the photocatalytic degradation ability of MO.

Efficacy of combinations of colistin with other antimicrobials involves membrane fluidity and efflux machinery.

ObjectiveDespite its use was abandoned several decades ago, the polycationic peptide colistin has become the last hope to treat severe infections caused by multidrug-resistant Gram-negative bacteria. Thus, the development of colistin resistance may seriously compromise the efficacy of treatment. Moreover, colistin has high toxicity being dose dependent. A potentially effective strategy to avoid resistance may be to combine colistin with other antimicrobials. This may help in the rescue of old antimicrobials and in reducing toxic undesired effects.MethodsAntimicrobial susceptibility determination, efflux machinery function measurements in different conditions and measurement of inhibition of the extrusion by colistin were performed. Moreover, modifications of anisotropy of the membranes by using fluorescent dyes was accomplished.ResultsSub-inhibitory concentrations of colistin have a synergistic effect with several antimicrobials that act intracellularly (targeting protein synthesis and DNA replication). This effect was demonstrated through the uptake increases of acridine orange. in Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Escherichia coli and Acinetobacter baumanii but also in an intrinsically colistin-resistant species as Serratia marcescens. Measurements of the anisotropy of bacterial membranes, as a measure of membrane fluidity, showed significant changes indicative of colistin activity.ConclusionThe alterations in the cellular efflux machinery that resulted in higher intracellular concentrations of acridine orange, and likely of other antimicrobials combined with data of membrane fluidity and measured synergism in vitro allow us to envisage the use of these combinations to fight infections caused by multidrug–resistant bacteria.

Polyhydroxyl gemini surfactant-modified montmorillonite for efficient removal of methyl orange

Two types of organoclays including dioctadecyl tetrahydroxyethyl dibromopropane diammonium (DTDD) and octadecylmethyldihydroxyethyl ammonium bromide (OMDAB) modified montmorillonites (DMt and OMt) were fabricated by microwave synthesis for the first time, of which structure, morphology and surface properties were explored by different techniques. This study revealed that the amount of adsorbent, pH, and the initial concentration of methyl orange (MO) solution had significant effects on the adsorption capacity of DMt. The adsorption mechanisms of DMt and OMt to MO were proposed based on the characterizations, adsorption kinetic models and adsorption isotherms, which proved that DMt could adsorb MO in the faster manner with higher affinity. (The estimated maximum adsorption capacities of DMt-1.0 and OMt predicted by the Langmuir isotherm model was 250.63 and 91.11 mg g−1, respectively.) Compared with the pristine Na-Mt, OMt, and C43H92N2Cl2-modified montmorillonite (18-3-18-Mt), DMt-1.0 containing hydroxyls in the alkyl chain of gemini surfactant molecule had the best adsorption capacity for MO removal from aqueous media.

Optimisation of Methyl Orange Photodegradation Using TiO2-Zeolite Photocatalyst and H2O2 in Acid Condition

This paper discusses an optimisation of methyl orange photodegradation using TiO2-zeolite photocatalyst and H2O2 (with condition of pH 2, 10 ppm, UV light). A 15 mmol TiO2 in 1 gram activated zeolite was used. The influence of H2O2 concentration (4, 8, 12, 16%) and irradiation time (20, 30 40, 50, 60 minutes) was also investigated, as well as initial methyl orange concentration (10, 20, 30 ppm) toward reaction rate constant. As the H2O2 concentration increase, the photodegradation percentage is also increased until it reaches optimum condition (H2O212% for 10 ppm MO solution). Identical effect also showed by the irradiation time in which an optimum point reached at 60 minutes (for 10 ppm MO solution) and 50 minutes (for 20 and 30 ppm MO solutions). Moreover, the higher initial MO concentration used, the lower reaction rate constant obtained. The highest rate constant was shown by MO solution of 10 ppm. The reuse of TiO2-Zeolite photocatalyst remains effective and efficient in photodegradation of methyl orange in solution for up to 4 times.

Comparison of performances of hydrodynamic cavitation in combined treatments based on hybrid induced advanced Fenton process for degradation of azo-dyes

In the present work, the degradation of azo-dyes in aqueous solutions by using hydrodynamic cavitation is performed. Methyl orange was chosen as colorant model pollutant. During the experimental tests, the effect of various operating parameters on the decolourization efficiency was investigated. In the first series of experiments, the hydrodynamic cavitation was optimized in terms of operating inlet pressure and cavitation number to get the maximum decolorization yields of the dye, at the constant temperature of 20 °C and with an initial methyl orange concentration equal to 5 ppm. It was observed that there was an optimum inlet pressure value (4 bar) to get the best decolourization efficiency (about 32%). For the optimal configuration, in correspondence of 4 bar, a first order kinetic equal to 0.0054 min −1 and a value of electrical energy per order EEO of 3793.81 kW h m-3 were calculated. Subsequently, the combined effect of hydrodynamic cavitation and hydrogen peroxide on dye degradation has been studied. The efficiency of the HC-H2O2 system, under optimal conditions, was more than 50% in terms of dye decolourization. Finally, a series of experiments have been performed by combining hydrodynamic cavitation with the addition of hydrogen peroxide and metal ions (iron and nickel) in solution. The dye degradation became greater than 90%; this increase was explained by supposing that an induced advanced Fenton process has been generate thus improving the performance of the entire cavitation system.

Adsorption, equilibrium isotherm, and thermodynamic studies to the removal of acid orange 7

Zero-valent FeNPs was prepared by using ascorbic acid and Fe(NO)3 redox system in presence of cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB). The morphology of the FeNPs was determined by SEM, TEM, EDX, FT-IR, XRD, and BET of FeNPs. The batch experiments were carried out to determine the effects of adsorbent dosage, contact time, pH, initial concentration of acid orange 7 and temperature. The mean of free energy pre molecule of adsorbent and heat adsorption showed that the physisorption and chemisorption both involved during the adsorption. Langmuir monolayer adsorption capacity Q0max(= 66.6 mg/g) is better than Dubinin-Radushkevich qDR (44.25 mg/g). The optimum pH for the adsorption was obtained at pH 4.0 for [acid orange 7] = 100 mg/L, amount of adsorbent = 0.05 g, and temperature = 298 K. Gibb's free energy (−0.72 to −3.8 kJ/mol), enthalpy (16.1 to 19.3 kJ/mol), and entropy changes (56.4 to 70.1 J/K/mol) on the chemisorption of orange 7, indicate endothermic, spontaneous, and feasibility nature of the adsorption process. The results showed that the Langmuir isotherm and pseudo-second-order kinetic models fitted the experimental data better than other isotherm and kinetic models. The kinetic studies suggest that the adsorption follow an involvement of film diffusion and intraparticle diffusion mechanism. The as prepared FeNPs can be an alternative for more costly nano-adsorbents used for toxic dye removal from aqueous solution.

In Vitro Fecal Fermentation of High Pressure-Treated Fruit Peels Used as Dietary Fiber Sources.

Fruit by-products are being investigated as non-conventional alternative sources of dietary fiber (DF). High hydrostatic pressure (HHP) treatments have been used to modify DF content as well as its technological and physiological functionality. Orange, mango and prickly pear peels untreated (OU, MU and PPU) and HHP-treated at 600 MPa (OP/55 °C and 20 min, MP/22 °C and 10 min, PPP/55 °C and 10 min) were evaluated. Untreated and treated fruit peels were subjected to fecal in vitro fermentations. The neutral sugar composition and linkage glycosidic positions were related to the production of short chain fatty acids (SCFA) resulting from the fermentation of the materials. After HHP-treatments, changes from multibranched sugars to linear sugars were observed. After 24 h of fermentation, OP yielded the highest amount of SCFA followed by PPU and MP (389.4, 282.0 and 204.6 μmol/10 mg DF, respectively). HHP treatment increased the SCFA concentration of orange and mango peel by 7 and 10.3% respectively, compared with the untreated samples after 24 h of fermentation. The results presented herein suggest that fruit peels could be used as good fermentable fiber sources, because they yielded high amounts of SCFA during in vitro fermentations.

Sonocatalytic degradation of methyl orange in aqueous solution using Fe-doped TiO2 nanoparticles under mechanical agitation

AbstractIn the present study, the Fe-doped TiO2 modified nanoparticles was successfully synthesized by the combination of the sol-gel method and heat treatment, and the degradation of methyl orange was tested by the combination method of ultrasonic radiation and mechanical agitation. The effects of different factors on the degradation of methyl orange (MO) solution were studied, such as ultrasonic irradiation time, the ultrasonic frequency, the added amount of catalyst, the initial pH value, the initial concentration of methyl orange, and revolutions per minute. The optimal experimental conditions for sonocatalytic degradation of the MO obtained were: ultrasonic irradiation time = 60 min, pH value = 3.0 and revolutions per minute = 500 rpm. By means of response surface analysis, the best fitting conditions were as follows: ultrasonic frequency = 36.02 kHz, added amount of catalyst = 490.50 mg/L, the initial concentration of methyl orange = 9.22 mg/L, and the optimum condition was close to the experimental data by response surface method. Under optimal conditions, the sonocatalytic degradation of MO was 99%. The degradation of MO showed that the combination of Fe-doped modified TiO2 nanoparticles, mechanical agitation and ultrasonic irradiation was discovered that can degrade methyl orange effectively in aqueous solution.

MODIFICATION OF THE ORGANO-POLYMERIC ANIONITES SURFACE WITH XYLENOL ORANGE BY SORPTION

In this paper, the peculiarities of xylenol orange sorption removal with the help of organopolymeric anion exchangers AB-17-8 and Granion AWA-G1 in the static mode are studied. The state of the matrix and the surface of the organopolymeric anion exchanger granion AWA-G1 was characterized by the IR and Raman spectroscopy. It was established that at pH 5 and 9 the maximum sorption removal (90-95%) of xylenol orange by organopolymeric anion exchanger Granion AWA-G1 lasts for 60 minutes. On the basis of the obtained sorption isotherms and the calculated thermodynamic characteristics, it was concluded that the formation of the adsorption layer occurs spontaneously by a mixed mechanism. The initial process of adsorption layer formation due to chemisorption mechanism. Below, at high concentration of xylenol orange the sorption mechanism changes to the physical nature. It was shown that with changes in temperature and pH, the type of isotherms changes from L3 to H4, which indicates a high affinity of the adsorbate to the adsorbent surface. The obtained sorption isotherms are satisfactorily described by the Langmuir adsorption model. It was shown that the increase in temperature is accompanied by an increase in the amount of sorbed xylenol orange, which is due to the acceleration of the process of reorientation of sorbate molecules to the vertical. In the study of xylenol orange desorption from the Granion AWA-G1 anionite surface, it was found that distilled water and 1M solutions of sulphuric acid slightly desorb xylenol orange (Sdes ≤ 25%), in contrast, the desorption of xylenol orange with 1 M sodium hydroxide solutions reaches Sdes ~ 65%. Thus, the organopolymeric anion exchanger granion AWA-G1 modified with xylenol orange is resistant to water and acid desorption and can subsequently be used as a solid-phase reagent.

Photocatalytic Performance of H6 P2 W18 O62 /TiO2 Nanocomposite Encapsulated into Beta Zeolite under UV Irradiation in the Degradation of Methyl Orange.

In this work, neat and supported H6 P2 W18 O62 into nanocage of β-zeolite were synthesized. However, H6 P2 W18 O62 into nanocage of β-zeolite was synthesized via template synthesis method. In addition, TiO2 was supported on H6 P2 W18 O62 /β zeolite by impregnation method. The obtained materials were characterized by XRD, FT-IR, UV-Vis, FESEM and EDS techniques. Also, W and Ti contents of the catalyst were determined by ICP and EDS technique. The results reveal that the photocatalyst performance depends on catalyst loading, pH effect, and methyl orange concentration. Photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange follows a pseudo-first order kinetic. The chemical oxygen demand (COD) experimental proved mineralization of methyl orange. Another reason for degradation and mineralization of methyl orange is the absence of hydrazine at the end of reaction which is one of the photodecolorization products. The plausible mechanism for photodegradation of MO was proposed.

3D graphene aerogels/Sb2WO6 hybrid with enhanced photocatalytic activity under UV- and visible-light irradiation

A novel ultraviolet (UV)- and visible-light-active 3D graphene aerogels (3DGA)/Sb2WO6 hybrid photocatalyst was prepared by electrostatic self-assembly (ESSA) method. The photocatalytic activity of the 3DGA/Sb2WO6 hybrid was studied by monitoring the change in the concentration of methyl orange (MO) under UV-light and visible-light irradiation. The results demonstrated that the as-prepared hybrid exhibited significantly enhanced efficiency for the photodegradation of MO in comparison with pure Sb2WO6. This was ascribed to the efficient separation of the photogenerated electrons (e–) and holes (h+) with the aid of 3DGA as well as the generated reactive superoxide radical anions (O2•–). Moreover, the 3DGA/Sb2WO6 hybrid exhibited high recyclability, because the highly hydrophobic 3DGA in the hybrid was very advantageous to the separation of the hybrid photocatalyst from the MO solutions.

Enhanced decolorization of sulfonated azo dye methyl orange by single and mixed bacterial strains AK1, AK2 and VKY1

Methyl orange, a sulfonated azo dye having various industrial applications was decolorized by three bacteria Bacillus sp. strain AK1, Lysinibacillus sp. strain AK2 and Kerstersia sp. strain VKY1. The effect of various factors such as dye concentration, pH, temperature and NaCl concentration on decolorization was investigated. At 200 mg/L methyl orange concentration, the strains AK1, AK2 and VKY1 exhibited maximum decolorizing potential of 93, 95 and 96%, respectively, at temperature 35 °C and pH 7.0 within 18 h of incubation. These strains decolorized the dye over a wide range of pH (5–10), temperature (15–55 °C), and NaCl concentration (5–20 g/L). Further, these strains decolorize up to 800 mg/L concentrations of methyl orange within 24 h. The dye decolorization efficiency was further increased by using different consortia of these three strains which could decolorize the dye completely within 12 h of incubation. The cell-free extracts of the strains AK1, AK2 and VKY1 grown on methyl orange exhibited the azoreductase activity of 0.4794, 1.56 and 1.01 µM/min/mg protein, respectively. HPLC and FTIR analysis of the dye decolorized sample indicated the formation of 4-aminobenzenesulfonic acid and N,N-dimethyl-p-phenylenediamine as breakdown products of azo bond. The high decolorization potential of these bacterial strains individually and in consortia has potential application in remediation of dye effluent.

Immobilized cells of Rhodococcus strain UCC 0004 as source of green biocatalyst for decolourization and biodegradation of methyl orange

Abstract The bulk presence of methyl orange is contributed by anthropogenic sources which poses substantial threat to health and the environment. Locally isolated Rhodococcus strains were used as alternatives to develop greener and cost effective methyl orange removal technology. Rhodococcus strain UCC 0004 in particular demonstrated complete removal of 0.5 g/L methyl orange after 2 days of incubation and this strain exhibited 513% higher methyl orange removal efficiency under static mode in comparison to agitated mode. Adopting the technology of immobilization enabled the decolourization of higher concentration of methyl orange which resulted in 66% greater methyl orange removal activity as opposed to the non-immobilized cells. Optimization of immobilization parameters at 0.4% (w/v) alginate concentration, 0.3 M CaCl2, 3 mm bead diameter and 50 beads led to improved methyl orange-decolourizing activity and reduced the time taken to achieve complete decolourization by 67%. The immobilized beads could be reused up to nine batches without significant loss of methyl orange-decolourizing ability which is advantageous economically. The immobilized cells demonstrated higher substrate affinity (Km = 0.3771 g/L) and accelerated rate of disappearance of methyl orange (Vmax = 0.05903 g/L/h) compared to free cells. No germination inhibition was observed on Triticum aestivum and Vigna radiata indicating complete removal of dye toxicity. The decolourization of methyl orange occurred through biodegradation as supported by complete disappearance of the major peak from UV–vis spectrum. Therefore, this strain has a huge potential to be developed as biological tool for efficient removal of wastewater containing methyl orange.

Electrocatalytic Oxidation of Organic Pollutants on Boron-Doped Diamond and Ti–Ru Oxide Anodes in Sulfate Medium

Electrochemical oxidation for degradation of industrial dye Methyl Orange in aqueous sulfate solutions with various electrocatalytic materials: boron-doped diamond electrode and electrode based on titanium and ruthenium oxides. The influence exerted by the main working parameters of electrolysis (current density, concentration of Methyl Orange, pH) on the discoloration efficiency and on the chemical oxygen demand (COD) was examined. It was shown that an increase in the current density and a decrease in the pollutant concentration improve the process efficiency. However, this leads to an increase in the specific electric energy consumption per unit mass of COD. It was found that the boron-doped diamond electrode is a more efficient electrocatalytic material, compared with electrode based on titanium and ruthenium oxides. At low concentrations of Methyl Orange (<50 mg L–1), there exists the possibility in principle of using the electrode based on titanium and ruthenium oxides not only for discoloration, but also for making lower the COD level.

Fabrication of Flower-like CeO2 with Intrinsic Oxidase Activity for Methyl Orange Degradation Applications

Since the CeO2 materials were found with oxidase-like activity, they were received wide attention because of without the addition of an unstable oxide substrate H2O2 in the catalytic process, while, up to now the research about their application in catalytic oxidation of dye wastewater have hardly been reported. In this paper, flower-like CeO2 were synthesized and were characterized by SEM, XRD. The results showed that these CeO2 materials possessed the intrinsic oxidase activity. The property of flower-like CeO2 removing methyl orange was investigated. It was observed that the degradation rate can reach 77.5% with 40 mg CeO2 dosage and for 2 h at pH 4 when the concentration of methyl orange is 20 mgꞏL−1. These results provide strong evidence that flower-like CeO2 can be utilized as an oxidase mimetic for efficient catalytic degradation of the dye wastewater.

Sonochemical Synthesis, Thermal Behavior and Luminescent Properties of Copper(II) Supramolecular, a Precursor for Preparation of CuO Nanoparticles and the Study of their Photocatalytic Activity

A supramolecular complex formulated as [Cu(dipic)(H2O)2]n (1) (H2dipic = pyridine-2,6-dicarboxylic acid) was sonochemically synthesized and characterized using elemental analysis, FT-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and single crystal X-ray diffraction (SC-XRD). The thermal behavior (TGA/DSC) and luminescent properties of 1 were also studied. Geometric parameters and energies of 1 were calculated using the 6-31G basis set and Gaussian 98 program. CuO nanoparticles were achieved by thermal decomposition of 1 at 600 °C. Next, FT-infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), X-ray powder diffraction (XRD), scanning electron microscopy (SEM) and nitrogen sorption technique were used to characterize the structure and physicochemical properties of the CuO nanoparticles which were used in the photocatalytic degradation of methyl orange (MO) in the presence of ultraviolet light in a Plexiglas reactor. The effects of irradiation time, methyl orange concentration, and irradiation intensity on the percentage of MO destroyed were investigated. The results showed that in the presence of ultraviolet irradiation and by optimizing irradiation time, color concentration, and irradiation intensity, CuO nanoparticles perform well in degrading methyl orange.

Electrospun 3,5-dithienylvinyleneBODIPY embedded polystyrene nanofibers for the photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes in industrial wastewaters

The potential utility of electrospun polystyrene (PS) nanofibers embedded with 2,6-diiodo-8-phenyl-1,7-dimethyl-3,5-di-2-thienylvinyleneBODIPY for the photocatalytic degradation of azo dyes is investigated. A comparison of the singlet oxygen quantum yield of the [Formula: see text]-extended BODIPY dye in solution and in the PS nanofibers demonstrates that its photosensitizer properties are retained when it is embedded in the solid phase. The photocatalytic degradation properties of the PS nanofibers for Methyl Orange and Orange G were determined by using a Thorlabs 625 nm light emitting diode. The rate of photodegradation increases with the Orange G and Methyl Orange concentration and follows pseudo-first order kinetics at pH 6.7.

Paradoxical effects of vitamin C in Chagas disease

Trypanosoma cruzi infection stimulates inflammatory mediators which cause oxidative stress, and the use of antioxidants can minimize the sequelae of Chagas disease. In order to evaluate the efficacy of vitamin C in minimizing oxidative damage in Chagas disease, we orally administered ascorbic acid to Swiss mice infected with 5.0 × 104 trypomastigote forms of T. cruzi QM2 strain. These animals were treated for 60 days to investigate the acute phase and 180 days for the chronic phase. During the acute phase, the animals in the infected and treated groups demonstrated lower parasitemia and inflammatory processes were seen in more mice in these groups, probably due to the higher concentration of nitric oxide, which led to the formation of peroxynitrite. The decrease in reduced glutathione concentration in this group showed a circulating oxidant state, and this antioxidant was used to regenerate vitamin C. During the chronic phase, the animals in the infected and treated group showed a decrease in ferric reducing ability of plasma and uric acid concentrations as well as mobilization of bilirubin (which had higher plasma concentration), demonstrating cooperation between endogenous non-enzymatic antioxidants to combat increased oxidative stress. However, lower ferrous oxidation in xylenol orange concentrations was found in the infected and treated group, suggesting that vitamin C provided biological protection by clearing the peroxynitrite, attenuating the chronic inflammatory process in the tissues and favoring greater survival in these animals. Complex interactions were observed between the antioxidant systems of the host and parasite, with paradoxical actions of vitamin C.

Optimization of simultaneous removal of binary mixture of indigo carmine and methyl orange dyes by cobalt hydroxide nano-particles through Taguchi method

The simultaneous removal of Indigo carmine(IC) and Methyl orange(MO) in binary mixtures by cobalt hydroxide nanoparticles in batch system is investigated. Taguchi optimization approach (an L16 orthogonal array design) was employed for estimating the important and interactive impressions of some considered variables (such as, initial concentrations of Indigo carmine and Methyl orange, amount of sorbent, initial pH value, and contact time) on the adsorption process. Under the optimized conditions, the maximum removal percent (%R) was equal with 75% and 87% and also the uptake capacity was obtained to be 62.5 and 81.3 mg/g for Indigo carmine and Methyl orange dyes, respectively. Isotherm modeling and kinetic studies indicated that modified Langmuir and pseudo-second-order are good models for illustrating the adsorption equilibrium and kinetic behavior of process. Thermodynamic parameters proved that the adsorption process was endothermic (∆H° > 0) for MO while it was exothermic (∆H° < 0) for IC. Finally, the morphology and structure of the nanosorbent was characterized by using XRD, EDX, SEM, FTIR and TEM techniques.