Concentration Of Nickel Sulphate Research Articles

The discrimination between nickel-sensitive and non-nickel-sensitive subjects by an in vitro lymphocyte transformation test

A lymphocyte transformation test (LTT) was able to distinguish between nickel-sensitive subjects and non-nickel-sensitive controls. Sixty-one out of 66 (92%) nickel-sensitive subjects had positive stimulation indices in 6- and/or 7-day assays using 5 micrograms/ml of nickel sulphate, whereas none of the 43 controls gave positive results. Stimulation indices were not enhanced by the patch testing of subjects to nickel before performing the LTT. A weak correlation was seen between the results of the LTT and the macroscopic degree of patch-test reactivity. The concentration of nickel sulphate used (5 micrograms/ml) did not have a significant non-specific mitogenic effect.

Attempts to identify the causative allergen in cases of allergic contact dermatitis using an in vitro lymphocyte transformation test

The use of an in vitro lymphocyte transformation test for the identification of the causative allergen in cases of human allergic contact dermatitis is described. Peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) were prepared from the venous blood of seven nickel-sensitized (patch test-positive) patients and ten non-sensitized control donors, and induced proliferation was measured by [ 3H]thymidine incorporation following culture for 7 days in the presence of various concentrations of nickel sulphate. Nickel sulphate is non-specifically mitogenic for human lymphocytes and although PBMC from all donors exhibited a significant increase in proliferation with nickel sulphate concentrations of 20 μg/ml, those isolated from Ni-sensitive patients responded to lower concentrations of the allergen. Employing a stimulation index of 3 following culture with 5 μg NiSO 4/ml as an arbitrary indicator of specific proliferative responses to nickel, it was possible, using the lymphocyte transformation test, to separate Ni-sensitive from non-sensitized donors. In a limited series of experiments it was observed that lymphocytes prepared from each of two patients sensitized to neomycin sulphate mounted significant proliferative responses to this allergen in vitro; neomycin sulphate failed to induce similar changes in PBMC from non-sensitized donors. Finally, PBMC from one of two 2,4-dinitrochlorobenzene-sensitized donors were found to respond to autologous cells bearing the relevant dinitrophenol hapten.

グリシン浴からの無電解ニッケルめっき

Electroless nickel plating bath containing glycine and sodium citrate as chelating agent by means of deposition rate, bath life and phosphorous content in the deposited films was studied and simultaneous analysis of ions in plating bath by isotachophoresis was tried. Bath composition was; NiSO4⋅6H2O 30g/L, NaH2PO2⋅H2O 30g/L, NH2CH2COOH 40g/L, Na3C6H5O7⋅2H2O 20g/L, Pb(NO3)2 2mg/L. Plating area was 400cm2; bath volume was 4L; and bath temperature 88±2°C. The supply solution was NiSO4⋅6 H2O 450g/L, NaH2PO2⋅H2O 500g/L, Pb(NO3)2 60mg/L. The deposition rate from this bath was 0.2-0.3μm/min, 2-3 times faster than the general malic acid bath. Bath life was more than 50 hours in continuous plating and about 6 turns could be obtained. Though phosphorous content in the deposited films depended on bath pH and the amount of sodiun hypophosphite, phosphorous content could be kept to 5-13wt% or 12wt% constant by adjustng the concentrations of nickel sulfate and sodium hypophosphite in the supply solution. Bath composition was so changed with plating that analysis of ions in the plating solution by isotachophoresis using 0.01mol HCl leading solution and 0.01mol sodium caproate terminal solution was tried. As a result of it, concentrations of hypophosphite, phosphite, phosphate ions and also of citric acid ion could be analysed simultaneously and with high precision.

Chelating effect of EDTA on nickel

The chelating effect of disodium ethylenediamine tetra-acetate (EDTA) in nickel-allergic patients was investigated. After pretreatment of the right half of the patient's back with 10% EDTA in a cream, and the left half of the back with the cream base only, various concentrations of nickel sulphate were patch tested on these areas. The blocking effect of the 10% EDTA cream appeared to be significant in comparison with that of the cream base only (p less than 0.01). A barrier cream with 10% EDTA might be of help in nickel-allergic patients with eczema of the hands.

Amount of nickel applied with a standard patch test.

The concentration of nickel sulphate was determined in 9-16 mg test samples from commercially available patch test antigens. With two different manufacturers of 2.5% nickel sulphate in pet, the concentration range of 25 samples was 0.7 and 1.1% (+/- 2 SD) respectively, and with one manufacturer of 5.0% nickel sulphate in pet, the range was +/- 0.5%. In a normal patch test, the volume of patch test material applied with the Finn chamber technique should be 12-18 microliter (9-16 mg), but has been found to range between 9 and 50 microliter. Thus the amount of nickel applied in standard patch tests varies within at least 6-fold limits.

Influence of Nickel Sulphate on Microbial Fixation of Nitrogen

The effect of nickel sulphate in the culture media of five nitrogen fixing bacterial samples ( Azotobacter spec), isolated from Allahabad soil, was studied. All the nitrogen fixers studied here show an increase in the nitrogen fixation at a particular concentration of nickel sulphate in the culture medium and it also slightly increases the rate of respiration as indicated by the consumption of carbon by the microorganisms. Es wurde der Einfluß von Nickelsulfat im Kulturmedium von fünf stickstoffbindenden Bakterienarten ( Azotobacter spec.), isoliert aus einem Allahabadboden, untersucht. Eine Erhöhung der Stickstoffbindung trat ein, wenn eine bestimmte Nickelsulfatkonzentration vorhanden war. Auch die Atmung war leicht erhöht, was durch den C-Verbrauch angezeigt wurde.

Synergistic effect on morphological transformation of hamster embryo cells by nickel sulphate and benz[ a]pyrene

Morphological transformation and induction of somatic mutation in the hamster embryo cell bioassay have been used to study whether the carcinogenicity of nickel is affected by polycyclic hydrocarbons. The transformation frequency was found to increase with increasing concentration of nickel sulphate, benz[ a]pyrene (BP) and methylcholanthrene. In experiments with combinations of nickel sulphate and BP, the transformation frequencies used for all concentrations were higher than for compounds tested separately. The greatest enhancement was found using 5 μg/ml NiSO 4 · 6H 2O and 0.78 μg/ml BP. The transformation frequency obtained with this combination was 10.7%, compared to 0.5% and 0.6% for the individual substances. No synergistic effect could be detected between nickel sulphate and methylcholanthrene (MC). In experiments measuring somatic mutation by selection for ouabain resistance, the mutation frequency was likewise found to be significantly higher than expected in mixtures of nickel sulphate and BP. The present demonstration of the synergistic effect between nickel sulphate and BP is of interest with the potentiating effect of cigarette smoking on development of lung cancer among nickel refinery workers.

The leukocyte migration inhibition test in allergic nickel contact dermatitis.

No statistical difference was found between the migration indices of nickel sensitive and control subjects using the leukocyte migration inhibition test with two concentrations of nickel sulphate. The results contrast with the specific positive results demonstrated previously in the same subjects with the lymphocyte transformation test.

光沢ニッケルメッキ浴組成と光沢剤の耐食性におよぼす影響

The effects of bath compositions and brighteners on corrosion resistance of bright nickel plating were studied. The results obtained were as follows:(1) The interaction between the concentrations of nickel sulfate and nickel chloride had no effects on corrosion resistance.(2) The interaction between the cathodic current density and the concentration of total nickel had effects on corrosion resistance. Higher corrosion resistance was obtained under the conditions of lower concentration of total nickel and lower cathodic current density, or the higher concentration of total nickel and the higher cathodic current density.(3) Corrosion resistance was varied according to the kind and concentration of brighteners in double nickel plating.(4) The interaction between the kind of brighteners and cathodic current density had effects on corrosion resistance.(5) However, in CASS test of triple nickel plating, the kind of brighteners and cathodic current density had no effects on corrosion resistance.

DELAY OF SENESCENCE IN WHEAT LEAVES BY CYTOKININS, NICKEL, AND OTHER SUBSTANCES

Single-drop applications of nickel salts, cobalt salts, or kinetin induced similar patterns in the delay of the rapid senescence of detached wheat leaf tissue (Triticum aestivum compactum 'Little Club'). Tissues near treatment sites remained green as more distant parts of the leaves became chlorotic. Yeast extract, coconut milk, and benzimidazole also preserved the green pigment but the activity of the last two was sometimes displaced away from treatment sites. Total nitrogen content increased markedly in the portions of detached leaves treated with nickel sulfate or kinetin, indicating that nitrogenous substances moved from senescing tissues into the green tissues at treatment sites. The green tissues increased in dry weight and stained heavily with I–KI.The slowly senescing tissues of attached leaves were kept green by high concentrations of either kinetin or benzimidazole in treatment drops but not by nickel sulfate. However, moderate concentrations of nickel sulfate or kinetin increased the dry weight and retarded the slow natural loss of nitrogen content of attached leaf tissue, indicating that both substances induced a temporary senescence delay.