Concentrations Of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Research Articles

8543 Non-Specific Uptake Of Magnetic Iron Oxide Nanoparticles Into Adrenocortical Carcinoma Cells, Endothelium And Primary Monocytes

Abstract Disclosure: R. Challapalli: None. A. Sorushanova: None. C. Hong: None. N.J. Mullen: None. S. Feely: None. O. Covarrubias-Zambrano: None. J. Covarrubias: None. S. Varghese: None. C. Hantel: None. P. Owens: None. M. O’Halloran: None. P. Prakash: None. S.H. Bossmann: None. M.C. Dennedy: None. Adrenocortical carcinoma (ACC), a rare malignancy with a poor prognosis and a survival rate of up to 24 months, requires varied treatments such as surgery, chemotherapy, or radiation. The high recurrence rate emphasizes the need for innovative therapies. Magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles have emerged as promising candidates for cancer treatment due to their versatility in size and shape and the ability to modify their surface for targeted cellular uptake. In our initial investigation, we assessed the uptake of magnetic iron oxide nanoparticles (IONP) by ACC (H295R, HAC15, and MUC1) cells, HUVECs and primary monocytes, incubated with 0, 5, 10, 20, and 50 µg/ml of IONP for 24 hours. The results demonstrated concentration and time-dependent nanoparticle uptake and its impact on cellular viability. The optimal concentration of IONP was identified as 10 µg/ml, subsequently used to evaluate the rate of uptake and intracellular location. The efficiency of IONP uptake by ACC cells decreased when exposed to primary monocytes and an HUVEC layer, as demonstrated through a Transwell migration system. This study revealed insights into the non-specific uptake of IONP by ACC, primarily attributed to the mechanism of macropinocytosis. These preliminary findings lay the groundwork for exploring potential modifications to enhance specific uptake by ACC cells, particularly for applications like magnet-induced thermal ablation or nanobiocontrast. Presentation: 6/2/2024

Effect and consequence of the rheological properties of nano Fe2O3-modified drilling muds in the Dibella oil field

The development of supportable, cost-effective, and high-performance nanoparticles (NPs) is one of the new examination points within penetrating applications. The consideration of tailorable nanoparticles offers the chance to figure out water-based drilling fluids (WBDFs) with upgraded properties, providing exceptional opportunities in the energy, oil, gas, water, or framework enterprises. In WBDFs, nano and micron materials are investigated to control their rheological properties and their influence. This paper aims to analyze the influence of nano Fe2O3 on the rheological behavior of drilling fluid muds under high temperatures and pressure. Additionally, we seek to identify the optimal concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles that maintain consistent rheology; we examined the interfering effects of shear rates and iron oxide nanoparticle temperature on the shear type of the changed depleting liquid in the Dibella oil field to make the penetrating activity efficient, realistic, and skilled. We observe that as the temperature increases, the water-based mud (WBM), plastic viscosity (PV), yield point (YP), and gel strength (Gs) decrease until the reject structure is disrupted. Therefore, we must proceed with our assessment using nano Fe2O3 to resolve the shortcomings of the slope framework. Six water-based mud cakes containing 0.5, 1, 1.5, 2, 2.5, and 3 g weight percent of iron oxide (Fe2O3) nanoparticles were prepared for this evaluation. The experimental outcomes revealed an optimal nanoparticle mixing of 2.5 g weight percent, which resulted in a 13.8% reduction in the API filtrate volume and a 40% reduction in filter cake thickness. At 300°F temperature and type 10.00 pressure, the results of our experiments consistently demonstrate a decrease of 14.77% in the rheological properties of PV and YP and 10 s and 10 min in the gel strength of carbon oxide nanoparticles. The YP–PV span is 2.7, and the yield strength is 11 lb/100 ft2. On the other hand, mud cake A, which contains 0.5 wt% NPs, loses 6 mL of fluid after 30 min. In contrast, drilling mud cake E, which is composed of 3 wt% NPs, shows a fluid loss of 5.1 mL in the API filter press test. Based on the Bingham plastic model, the maximum shear stress versus shear rate was observed for bentonite drilling muds E and F, with 2.5 wt% and 3 wt% NPs, respectively, and this result indicates that the use of nano Fe2O3 can effectively adjust the properties of drilling fluids.

The effects of iron oxide nanoparticles on antioxidant capacity and response to oxidative stress in Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus, Peters 1852).

Recent research has raised concern about the biocompatibility of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), as they have been reported to induce oxidative stress and inflammatory responses, whilst prolonged exposure to high IONP concentrations may lead to cyto-/genotoxicity. Besides, there is concern about its environmental impact. The aim of our study was to investigate the effects of IONPs on the antioxidant defence system in freshwater fish Mozambique tilapia (Oreochromis mossambicus, Peters 1852). The fish were exposed to IONP concentration of 15 mg/L over 1, 3, 4, 15, 30, and 60 days and the findings compared to a control, unexposed group. In addition, we followed up the fish for 60 days after exposure had stopped to estimate the stability of oxidative stress induced by IONPs. Exposure affected the activity of antioxidant and marker enzymes and increased the levels of hydrogen peroxide and lipid peroxidation in the gill, liver, and brain tissues of the fish. Even after 60 days of depuration, adverse effects remained, indicating long-term nanotoxicity. Moreover, IONPs accumulated in the gill, liver, and brain tissues. Our findings underscore the potential health risks posed to non-target organisms in the environment, and it is imperative to establish appropriate guidelines for safe handling and disposal of IONPs to protect the aquatic environment.

Rice seeds biofortification using biogenic ıron oxide nanoparticles synthesized by using Glycyrrhiza glabra: a study on growth and yield ımprovement

Iron, a crucial micronutrient, is an integral element of biotic vitality. The scarcity of iron in the soil creates agronomic challenges and has a detrimental impact on crop vigour and chlorophyll formation. Utilizing iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) via nanopriming emerges as an innovative method to enhance agricultural efficiency and crop health. The objective of this study was to synthesize biogenic IONPs from Glycyrrhiza glabra (G. glabra) plant extract using green chemistry and to evaluate their nanopriming effects on rice seed iron levels and growth. The synthesized IONPs were analyzed using UV–Vis spectroscopy, Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), Scanning electron microscope (SEM), Transmission electron microscopy (TEM), and Energy-dispersive X-ray (EDX) techniques. The UV–Vis peak at 280 nm revealed the formation of IONPs. SEM and TEM showed that the nanoparticles were spherical and had an average diameter of 23.8 nm. Nanopriming resulted in a substantial enhancement in growth, as seen by a 9.25% and 22.8% increase in shoot lengths for the 50 ppm and 100 ppm treatments, respectively. The yield metrics showed a positive correlation with the concentrations of IONPs. The 1000-grain weight and spike length observed a maximum increase of 193.75% and 97.73%, respectively, at the highest concentration of IONPs. The study indicates that G. glabra synthesized IONPs as a nanopriming agent significantly increased rice seeds' growth and iron content. This suggests that there is a relationship between the dosage of IONPs and their potential for improving agricultural biofortification.

Investigating the toxic mechanism of iron oxide nanoparticles-induced oxidative stress in tadpole (Duttaphrynus melanostictus): A combined biochemical and molecular study

Metal oxide nanomaterials have toxicity towards aquatic organisms, especially microbes and invertebrates, but little is known about their impact on amphibians. We conducted a study on Duttaphrynus melanostictus (D. melanostictus) tadpoles to explore the chronic toxicity effects of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and the underlying mechanisms of IONPs-induced oxidative stress. IONPs exposure led to increased iron accumulation in the blood, liver, and kidneys of tadpoles, significantly affecting blood parameters and morphology. Higher IONPs concentrations (10 and 50 mg L−1) triggered reactive oxygen species generation, resulting in lipid peroxidation, oxidative stress, and pronounced toxicity in tadpoles. The activity levels of antioxidant enzymes/proteins (SOD, CAT, albumin, and lysozyme) decreased after IONPs exposure, and immunological measures in the blood serum were significantly reduced compared to the control group. Molecular docking analysis revealed that IONPs primarily attached to the surface of SOD/CAT/albumin/lysozyme through hydrogen bonding and hydrophobic forces. Overall, this study emphasizes the ability of IONPs to induce oxidative damage by decreasing immunological profiles such as ACH50 (34.58 ± 2.74 U mL−1), lysozyme (6.94 ± 0.82 U mL−1), total Ig (5.00 ± 0.35 g dL−1), total protein (1.20 ± 0.17 g dL−1), albumin (0.52 ± 0.01 g dL−1) and globulin (0.96 ± 0.01 g dL−1) and sheds light on their potential toxic effects on tadpoles.

Comparison of physical properties of ferrofluids based on mineral transformer oil and bio-degradable gas-to-liquid oil

Ferrofluids based on mineral transformer oil have been intensively studied over two decades owing to their outstanding thermal and electrical insulating properties. However, current environmental demands on transformer operation give priority to the use of biodegradable transformer oils. Clearly, the differences in physical properties of biodegradable oils and those refined from crude oil determine the physical properties of ferrofluids based on the two types of oils. In this study, ferrofluids with various concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles have been prepared on mineral transformer oil (M−oil) and biodegradable transformer oil based on gas-to-liquid technology (S-oil). The ferrofluids were subjected to experimental investigation of magnetization, AC magnetic susceptibility, thermal conductivity, viscosity and dielectric response. Based on zero-field-cooled and field-cooled magnetization curves, a lower temperature of a specific magnetization maximum associated with the melting of the oil (phase transition) was found for M−samples than for S-samples. The effect of carrier liquid on the onset of extrinsic superparamagnetism in addition to the intrinsic superparamagnetism is observed. Spectra of AC magnetic susceptibility of both types of ferrofluids exhibit quasi constant behaviour with amoderate decrease at high frequencies of amagnetic field. The viscosity of M−samples is slightly higher than that of S-samples. On the other hand, M−samples exhibit lower thermal conductivity than S-samples. In both cases, the thermal conductivity linearly decreases with temperature. Dielectric spectroscopy has revealed remarkable dielectric dispersion below 100 Hz in both ferrofluid types. The relaxation has been ascribed to interfacial polarization, which can be considered as a serious drawback from an electrical engineering application point of view. The measured physical properties of the ferrofluids are analyzed in regard to the density and viscosity of the base oils.

A Printable Magnetic-Responsive Iron Oxide Nanoparticle (ION)-Gelatin Methacryloyl (GelMA) Ink for Soft Bioactuator/Robot Applications.

The features or actuation behaviors of nature's creatures provide concepts for the development of biomimetic soft bioactuators/robots with stimuli-responsive capabilities, design convenience, and environmental adaptivity in various fields. Mimosa pudica is a mechanically responsive plant that can convert pressure to the motion of leaves. When the leaves receive pressure, the occurrence of asymmetric turgor in the extensor and flexor sides of the pulvinus from redistributing the water in the pulvinus causes the bending of the pulvinus. Inspired by the actuation of Mimosa pudica, designing soft bioactuators can convert external stimulations to driving forces for the actuation of constructs which has been receiving increased attention and has potential applications in many fields. 4D printing technology has emerged as a new strategy for creating versatile soft bioactuators/robots by integrating printing technologies with stimuli-responsive materials. In this study, we developed a hybrid ink by combining gelatin methacryloyl (GelMA) polymers with iron oxide nanoparticles (IONs). This hybrid ION-GelMA ink exhibits tunable rheology, controllable mechanical properties, magnetic-responsive behaviors, and printability by integrating the internal metal ion-polymeric chain interactions and photo-crosslinking chemistries. This design offers the inks a dual crosslink mechanism combining the advantages of photocrosslinking and ionic crosslinking to rapidly form the construct within 60 s of UV exposure time. In addition, the magnetic-responsive actuation of ION-GelMA constructs can be regulated by different ION concentrations (0-10%). Furthermore, we used the ION-GelMA inks to fabricate a Mimosa pudica-like soft bioactuator through a mold casting method and a direct-ink-writing (DIW) printing technology. Obviously, the pinnule leaf structure of printed constructs presents a continuous reversible shape transformation in an air phase without any liquid as a medium, which can mimic the motion characteristics of natural creatures. At the same time, compared to the model casting process, the DIW printed bioactuators show a more refined and biomimetic transformation shape that closely resembles the movement of the pinnule leaf of Mimosa pudica in response to stimulation. Overall, this study indicates the proof of concept and the potential prospect of magnetic-responsive ION-GelMA inks for the rapid prototyping of biomimetic soft bioactuators/robots with untethered non-contact magneto-actuations.

Methyl jasmonate and iron oxide nanoparticles act as elicitors to stimulate production of bioactive antioxidants and metabolites in the in vitro callus cultures of Bergenia ciliata (haw.) Sternb

In vitro callus cultures of Berginia ciliata were used to evaluate different ratios of iron oxide nanoparticles and methyl jasmonate for elicitation, with the goal of improving callus morphological features and bergenin biosynthesis. Shoot explants were cultured using MS (Murashige and Skoog) media supplemented with three elicitation concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles (30, 60, and 90 ug/l) and three elicitation concentrations of methyl jasmonate (50, 75, and 100 uM). The results were compared to the control without elicitor treatment. All the elicitation treatments significantly enhanced the phytochemical contents. In vitro callus elicitation with 75 uM MeJ and 90 ug/l iron oxide nanoparticles proved as the best among tested elicitation concentrations. The elicitation improved the water contents and fresh and dry weights of the callus. The callus elicitation with 90 ug/l iron oxide nanoparticles increased the callus moisture contents by 16%. The elicitation treatments affected callus color traits and improved the callus compactness. Callus elicitation increased the activities of bioactive antioxidants such as phenylalanine ammonia-lyase, superoxide dismutase, peroxidase, catalase, and ascorbate peroxidase. The contents of bergenin, a major phytochemical, were found enhanced under elicitor treatments. Furthermore, contents of total phenolics and flavonoids improved upon elicitation. The in vitro callus elicitation resulted in better antioxidant potential for B. ciliata as assessed through the DPPH free radical scavenging protocol. The callus elicitation with 90 ug/l iron oxide nanoparticles increased DPPH scavenging percentage by 68%. In vitro callus elicitation with iron oxide nanoparticles and methyl jasmonate is an effective measure to enhance bergenin contents and bioactive antioxidants in the callus cultures of B. ciliata.

Iron Oxide Nanoparticles as Anti-Virulence Factors of Gram-positive and Gram-negative Bacteria

Background: Due to their extensive use in medical therapy, iron oxide nanoparticles have recently attracted the attention of researchers in the field of increasing multi-resistance properties in bacterial pathogens. Because iron oxide nanoparticles have a high specific surface area, they can interact with bacterial surface structures and exhibit significant antibacterial activity. Objective: The current work, determined the effect of a novel anti-virulence factor agent which was created from iron oxide nanoparticles against selected gram-positive and gram-negative variant bacterial strains that were isolated and identified from elderly Iraqi patients with urinary tract infections. Methods: Seven bacterial strains (three gram-positive and four gram-negative) were tested for their (biofilm, adhesion, and hemolysis) activity using the quantitative test-tube method, glass-slide method, and by determining the hemolysis ability of bacterial isolates against previously prepared RBC, respectively. The highest virulence factors formation bacterial isolates were chosen to determine the effect of Iron-oxide nanoparticles. Previously prepared and characterized Iron- oxide nanoparticles were used as anti- (biofilm, adhesion, and hemolysis) by using specific Bacterial-Fe3O4 NPs complex with different concentrations. The Results: All these bacteria expressed their virulence factors, the highest-level biofilm formation abilities were detected in Proteus mirabilis and Staphylococcus aureus, and the highest-level adhesion activity was observed in Enterococcus faecalis and Pseudomonas aeruginosa while the highest-level hemolysis activities on human RBC were determined in Micrococcus luteus and E. coli. The effects of (Fe3O4) nanoparticles against the highest virulence factors bacterial isolates shows an increases in the biofilm formation abilities of S. aureus and P. mirabilis as well as for standard bacterial strains the anti-biofilm formation ability of (Fe3 O4) NPs against gram-positive S. aureus, Proteus mirabilis, and standard gram-negative bacteria demonstrated an in-decrease biofilm formation ability of these bacteria effective at (5000 and 10000 µg/ml). The anti-adhesion ability of (Fe3 O4) NPs against gram-positive Enterococcus faecalis, and gram-negative Pseudomonas aeruginosa determined no effect on the adhesion abilities of gram-positive and negative bacteria atall concentrations (250, 400, 500, 750 and 1000µg/ml) Finally, the effect of different concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles on the hemolysis ability of Micrococcus luteus and Escherichia coli on RBC was determined, the highest hemolysis inhibition level was estimated in 1000 µg/ml and the less inhibition in 500 µg/ml as compared with control.

In-vivo anticoccidial efficacy of green synthesized iron-oxide nanoparticles using Ficus racemosa Linn leaf extract. (Moraceae) against Emeria tenella infection in broiler chicks

Coccidiosis is an acute gastrointestinal parasitic disease and causes approximately $2.80 to $3.27 per m2 loss in a broiler farm of a 33-day-old flock. In this study, iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) were green synthesized using the aqueous leaf extract of Ficus racemosa as a reducing and capping agent to reduce the emerging resistance in coccidia spores against conventional treatments and boost the immune level in broilers. These IONPs were evaluated for their impacts on the growth performance, biochemistry, blood profile, and histology in the coccidiodized broiler chicken with Emeria tenella under in vivo conditions. The characteristics and stability of particles were obtained using UV-Vis spectroscopy, Fourier transforms infrared (FTIR), X-Ray diffraction (XRD), energy dispersive X-ray absorption (EDX), scanning electron microscopy (SEM), zeta potential and zeta size. The results indicated that IONPs at the moderate dose of 15 mg/kg (p = 0.001) reduced the coccidial impacts by eliminating oocyst shedding per gram feces (up to 91%) and reducing clinical symptoms (lesions (LS = 0), bloody diarrhea (No), and mortality (0%) in chicken at day 10 of treatment as compared to the negative control group-B (infected & non-treated). A dose-dependent and time-dependent trend were observed during treatments (10, 15, and 20 mg/kg) of 1–3 weeks using IONPs against the coccidial impacts on the growth parameters (body weight gain, mean feed consumption, feed conversion ratio) and biochemistry (plasma glucose, total protein, uric acid, ALT, AST, and ALP) in chickens. Additionally, F. racemosa IONPs at a dose of 15 and 20 mg/kg significantly recovered the parasitized and highly damaged hepatocytes, liver tissues, and ceca tissues after 1–3 weeks of treatment in broiler chickens. Overall, the 15 mg/kg concentration of IONPs exhibited fast recovery and growth enhancement in coccidiodized broilers. Therefore, the 15 mg/kg dose of green synthesized IONPs using leaf extract of F. racemosa could be a potential and safe anticoccidial agent with targeted implications in the poultry industry.

The Effect of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles on the Menaquinone-7 Isomer Composition and Synthesis of the Biologically Significant All-Trans Isomer.

Menaquinone-7 (MK-7) is the most therapeutically valuable K vitamin owing to its excellent bioavailability. MK-7 occurs as geometric isomers, and only all-trans MK-7 is bioactive. The fermentation-based synthesis of MK-7 entails various challenges, primarily the low fermentation yield and numerous downstream processing steps. This raises the cost of production and translates to an expensive final product that is not widely accessible. Iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) can potentially overcome these obstacles due to their ability to enhance fermentation productivity and enable process intensification. Nevertheless, utilisation of IONPs in this regard is only beneficial if the biologically active isomer is achieved in the greatest proportion, the investigation of which constituted the objective of this study. IONPs (Fe3O4) with an average size of 11 nm were synthesised and characterised using different analytical techniques, and their effect on isomer production and bacterial growth was assessed. The optimum IONP concentration (300 μg/mL) improved the process output and resulted in a 1.6-fold increase in the all-trans isomer yield compared to the control. This investigation was the first to evaluate the role of IONPs in the synthesis of MK-7 isomers, and its outcomes will assist the development of an efficient fermentation system that favours the production of bioactive MK-7.

Biocompatible formulations based on mycosynthesized iron oxide nanoparticles: Fabrication, characterization, and biological investigation

The current study was carried out to synthesize iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) via green reduction method from a wild mushroom collected from Quaid-i-Azam University, Islamabad, Pakistan. The collected fungus was identified as Daedalea sp. based on morphological characteristics. Prepared NPs were produced from iron chloride hexahydrate with fungal filtrate via combustion method. The as prepared NPs were characterized by using different techniques for example, scanning electron microscopy (SEM), X-ray diffractions (XRD), Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy (FT-IR), and ultraviolet visible (UV-Vis) spectroscopy. Morphology and size of the NPs were determined by SEM analysis. XRD study revealed crystalline nature of IONPs. The FT-IR spectrum exhibited peak at 3390.26 cm- 1 stretching that described the strong O-H band of the alcohol associated with mushroom texture. The major IONPs dose (0.75 mg/ml) demonstrated 71% growth inhibition against Aspergillus. Excellent antibacterial activities against Pseudomonas aeruginosa (28 mm), and Klesbsilla pneumonia (28 mm) were represented by the fabricated NPs. Further, highest reducing power (53.22 ± 0.72 µg AAE/mg) was shown by the highest administrated dose (400 µg/ml). Maximum 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl and trolox antioxidant activity free radical scavenging activities at 400 µg/ml IONPs concentration were noted as 51.29 ± 0.48, and 83.12 ± 0.28 trolox equivalent antioxidant capacity, respectively. In brief, the negligible hemolytic activity against human red blood cells at the highest concentration (400 µg/ml), as well as, moderate antioxidant activities at low concentration suggest the application of the fabricated NPs in environmentally sound viable hygiene production.

Iron nanoparticles mitigates cadmium toxicity in Triticum aestivum; Modulation of antioxidative defense system and physiochemical characteristics

ObjectivesPresent study is carried out to check the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on mitigating the heavy metal (HM) stress in wheat. MethodFor this purpose, IONPs were used in an attempt to ameliorate cadmium stress in wheat plants. IONPs were synthesized by using the husk of Cocos nucifera. The synthesized nanoparticles were characterized by using SEM and particle size analyzer. Wheat seedlings were treated with 10–1000 mg/L IONPs. The selected concentrations of IONPs (100, 300, and 500 mg/L) were used for next experiment of pot with soil drench irrigation. Growth parameters (shoot length, root length, number of roots, biomass, spike length, weight, and number of seeds/plant), biochemical and stress parameters (chlorophyll, sugar, proline, protein, phenolics, MDA, H2O2 and antioxidant enzyme analysis, elemental analysis) were studied. ResultsResults showed that the application of IONPs increased shoot length, root length, number of seeds, fresh weight, dry weight, spike length, and number of seeds of wheat plants by 37.5, 68, 81.25, 50, 100, 33, and 14.28% respectively with IONPs treatment. Biochemical attributes were also improved by using IONPs. Stress indicators showed that MDA and H2O2 were reduced by IONPs (by 31.91 and 30.76% respectively) whereas phenolics, proline, and antioxidant enzyme activity was increased (by 25, 40, and 55% respectively). IONPs treated plants had lesser or no cadmium content with the higher iron content of leaves ConclusionIt showed that IONPs have strongly positive effects on mitigating cadmium stress in wheat plants.

Dielectric and electrical properties of nematic liquid crystals 6CB doped with iron oxide nanoparticles. The combined effect of nanodopant concentration and cell thickness

Dispersing nanomaterials in liquid crystals has emerged as a very promising non-synthetic way to produce advanced multifunctional and tunable materials. As a rule, dielectric and electrical characterization of such materials is performed using cells of single thickness. As a result, the published reports vary even for similar systems. Confusion still exists as to the effects of nanodopants and cell thickness on the dielectric and electrical properties of liquid crystals. This factor hinders a widespread use of liquid crystals - nanoparticles systems in modern tech products. In this paper, we report systematic experimental studies of the combined effect of the cell thickness and iron oxide nanoparticle concentration on the electrical and dielectric properties of nematic liquid crystals 6CB. The measured dielectric spectra can be divided into three distinct regions corresponding to a low frequency (<10 Hz) dispersion, dispersion free range (102 – 104 Hz (electrical conductivity) and 102 – 105 (dielectric permittivity)), and high frequency dispersion (104 – 106 Hz (electrical conductivity) and 105-106 Hz (dielectric permittivity)). The real part of the dielectric permittivity is not affected by the cell thickness and its value can be tuned by changing the concentration of nanoparticles. At the same time, the electrical conductivity depends on both cell thickness and nanoparticle concentration. At intermediate frequencies (102 – 104 Hz) the electrical conductivity obeys the Jonscher power law and is dependent on the cell thickness because of ion-releasing and ion-capturing effects caused by nanoparticles and substrates of the cell. In addition, its value is affected by the electronic conductivity due to iron oxide nanoparticles and their nanoclusters. At higher frequencies (104 – 106 Hz) the electrical conductivity follows a super linear power law and is nearly independent of the cell thickness and nanoparticle concentration.

Impact of Iron oxide nanoparticles on sustainable production of biogas through anaerobic co-digestion of chicken waste and wastewater

As The effect of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) on the anaerobic co-digestion (AD) of olive mill wastewater and chicken manure was investigated. In mesophilic conditions, biogas yield, methane (CH4) content, the removal efficiency of TS, VS., acidification and hydrolysis percentage, and contaminant removal efficiency were investigated. Supplementing AD with IONPs at a concentration of 20 mg/g VS. &amp;gt; IONPs and INOPs &amp;gt;30 mg/g VS. causes an inhibitor impact on biogas, methane generation, and hydrolysis. Furthermore, implantation with 20–30 mg of IONPs/kg VS. has induced an equivalent favorable impact, with hydrolysis percentages reaching roughly 7.2%–15.1% compared to the control test, in addition to a 1.3%–4.2% enhancement in methane generation yield. The maximum acidification concentration after five days of the incubation of 1,084, 9,463, and 760 g/L was attained with IONPs dosages of 25, 30, and 20 mg/g VS., respectively, compared to 713 g/L obtained with the control test. The results have illustrated that supplementing AD with a specific concentration of IONPs (20–30 mg/g VS.) has a significant effect and enhances the inhibitor removal efficiency, most possibly due to the small surface area of IONP particles. The resultant increase in the active surface area enhances the enzyme diffusion within the substrate. This study provides new data specifying the enhancement of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) and identifies the impact of IONP doses at various concentrations on the AD of olive mill wastewater and chicken waste.

Biosafety Construction Composite Based on Iron Oxide Nanoparticles and PLGA

Nanocomposites based on polymers and nanoparticles are used in agriculture for photoconversion of solar radiation, as a basis for covering material, as a packaging material, and as functional films. At the same time, nanocomposites are almost never used in agriculture as biosafe structural materials. In this work, we have developed a technology for obtaining a nanocomposite based on PLGA and iron oxide nanoparticles. The nanocomposite has unique physical and chemical properties and also exhibits pronounced antibacterial properties at a concentration of iron oxide nanoparticles of more than 0.01%. At the same time, the nanocomposite does not affect the growth and development of pepper and is biocompatible with mammalian cells. Nanocomposites based on PLGA and iron oxide nanoparticles can be an attractive candidate for the manufacture of structural and packaging materials in agriculture.

Silk Fibroin Hydrogel Reinforced With Magnetic Nanoparticles as an Intelligent Drug Delivery System for Sustained Drug Release.

Due to the well-known biocompatibility, tunable biodegradability, and mechanical properties, silk fibroin hydrogel is an exciting material for localized drug delivery systems to decrease the therapy cost, decrease the negative side effects, and increase the efficiency of chemotherapy. However, the lack of remote stimuli response and active drug release behavior has yet to be analyzed comparatively. In this study, we developed magnetic silk fibroin (SF) hydrogel samples through the facile blending method, loaded with doxorubicin hydrochloride (DOX) and incorporated with different concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs), to investigate the presumable ability of controlled and sustained drug release under the various external magnetic field (EMF). The morphology and rheological properties of SF hydrogel and magnetic SF hydrogel were compared through FESEM images and rheometer analysis. Here, we demonstrated that adding magnetic nanoparticles (MNPs) into SFH decreased the complex viscosity and provided a denser porosity with a bigger pore size matrix structure, which allowed the drug to be released faster in the absence of an EMF. Release kinetic studies show that magnetic SF hydrogel could achieve controlled release of DOX in the presence of an EMF. Furthermore, the drug release from magnetic SF hydrogel decreased in the presence of a static magnetic field (SMF) and an alternating magnetic field (AMF), and the release rate decreased even more with the higher MNPs concentration and magnetic field strength. Subsequently, Wilms' tumor and human fibroblast cells were cultured with almost the same concentration of DOX released in different periods, and cell viability was investigated using MTT assay. MTT results indicated that the Wilms' tumor cells were more resistant to DOX than the human fibroblasts, and the IC50 values were calculated at 1.82 0.001 and 2.73 0.004 (μg/ml) for human fibroblasts and Wilms' tumor cells, respectively. Wilms' tumor cells showed drug resistance in a higher DOX concentration, indicating the importance of controlled drug delivery. These findings suggest that the developed magnetic SFH loaded with DOX holds excellent potential for intelligent drug delivery systems with noninvasive injection and remotely controlled abilities.

PB2172: IRON OXIDE NANOPARTICLES INHIBIT DIFFUSE LARGE B LYMPHOMA CELL SURVIVAL AND INVASION

Background: Diffuse large B cell lymphoma (DLBCL) is the most common subtype of non-Hodgkin lymphoma world wide. It is a phenotypically and genetically heterogeneous disease, accounting for 30-40% of all cases. 50%-70% of patients can be cured by the R-CHOP regimen, but nearly one-third of patients develop relapsed or refractory disease. Until now, the Food and Drug Administration (FDA)-approved iron supplement ferumoxytol and other iron oxide nanoparticles have been used for treating iron deficiency, as contrast agents for magnetic resonance imaging and as drug carriers. But recently, more studies have revealed a hidden intrinsic therapeutic effect of ferumoxytol on tumors, but the role and mechanism in DLBCL has not been reported yet. Aims: The purpose of this study is to investigate the effect of iron oxide nanoparticles on DLBCL cells proliferation and migration by in vitro and in vivo. Methods: Different concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles were applied to DLBCL cell lines, such as SUDHL-2 and SUDHL-4 cells, and control cells were treated with equal amounts of PBS. The proliferation, migration, apoptosis and reactive oxygen (ROS) were detected by CCK8, transwell, flow cytometry (FC) and Multifunctional Fluorescence Enzyme Marker, respectively in vitro. The engraftment, tumor growth, dissemination and survival time were observed in BALB/c nude mice and NOD-SCID mice. Results: Iron oxide nanoparticles inhibited DLBCL cells proliferation, migration and anti-apoptosis ability. The mechanism involved in the proliferation and migration of DLBCL cells by promoting the production of ROS. Furthermore, administration of iron oxide nanoparticles decreased tumor growth and dissemination of DLBCL cells, and increased survival time in the xenograft model. Summary/Conclusion: Our study demonstrates that iron oxide nanoparticles cound inhibit DLBCL cells proliferation, migration, and promote apoptosis. The supplement of iron may, therefore, be a potential target for anticancer therapy in DLBCL.

Biodegradable iron oxide nanoparticles for intraoperative parathyroid gland imaging in thyroidectomy.

Parathyroid gland (PG) injury is the most common complication of thyroidectomy owing to the lack of approaches for surgeons to effectively distinguish PGs from surrounding thyroid glands (TGs) in the operation room. Herein, we report the development of biodegradable iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) as a promising contrast agent candidate for intraoperative PG visualization. We elucidated that locally administrated dark-colored IONPs readily diffuse in TGs but cannot infiltrate tissue-dense PGs, yielding a distinguishable contrast enhancement between PGs and TGs by naked eye observation. We performed unbiased and quantitative in vivo screenings to optimize particle size and concentration of IONPs for PG/TG contrast enhancement. Moreover, in vivo applications of IONPs via the local administration route demonstrate no adverse toxicities and can be biodegraded in the thyroid microenvironment within 3 months. To our knowledge, these promising findings provide the first in vivo evidence that IONPs can serve as a safe, biodegradable, and effective contrast agent candidate for improving PG visualization in thyroidectomy.

An Evaluation of Cytotoxicity of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles with Hydrogen Peroxide Endodontic Irrigant

Aims: The aim of this research was to determine the cytotoxic effect of different concentrations of iron oxide nanoparticles (IONPs) in combination with hydrogen peroxide ( H2O2) in vitro as a potential endodontic irrigating solution. Materials and Methods: Cytotoxicity of IONPs at concentrations (8, 4, 2, 1, 0.5, and 0.25 mg/ml) with 3% H2O2 were evaluated on cultured Human Dermal Fibroblast (HDFn) cell line. Cytotoxicity was assessed after 10 minutes of exposure using the Mosmann’s Tetrazolium Toxicity (MTT) assay. Results: Tukey’s test indicated that no significant difference in cell viability was found at lower concentrations (0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/ml). While at a concentration of 4 and 8 mg/ml, the cell viability was not significantly different from each other whereas, significantly different from previous concentrations. Conclusion: From the gained data, it can be deduced that IONPs+H2O2 had almost no cytotoxic effect on HDFn cell viability at concentrations 0.2, 0.5, 1, and 2 mg/ml, while a moderate decrease of survival has been observed at concentrations 4 and 8 mg/ml.