Concentrations Of Indolebutyric Acid Research Articles

Root Growth in Single Shoots Tabah Bamboo Eye Cuttings (Gigantochloa nigrociliata Kurz) Using Auksin IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) and Growing Media

Tabah Bamboo has potential that needs to be developed both in the food sector, industry and environment. This type can be processed into food ingredients worth exporting, especially bamboo shoots. To meet the needs of raw materials need to multiply plants in the field through nurseries one of them using stem cuttings. Root growth is an indicator of the success of nurseries using cuttings. The research was conducted at KHDTK Rarung, Central Lombok from October 2020 until January 2021. The purpose of the study was to determine the influence of concentration IBA (Indole Butyric Acid), growing media, and long soaking cuttings in the solution of IBA concentration on the growth of cutting roots. The results showed that the best root emergence time occurred in a combined concentration of 400mg.1-l IBA and soil media +cocopeat + manure. Each factor independently has a noticeable effect on the number of roots. Concentration of 400mg.1-l IBA, soaking length of 1 hour, and soil media+cocopeat+manure result in a better number of roots. Combination concentration of 400mg.1-l IBA and a 1-hour soaking length result in better root length at 43 hst, while a combined concentration of 400mg.1-l IBA and soil media + cocopeat + manure produce better root length at the age of 50 hst and 57 hst. Combination concentration of 400mg.1-l IBA, soaking length cuttings 1 hour, and soil media + cocopeat + manure produce fresh weight and dry roots best

Vegetative propagation of Berberis asiatica Roxb. Ex DC., Ginkgo biloba L., Rauvolfia serpentina (L.) Benth ex Kurz, and Rhododendron arboreum Sm. through stem cuttings

The population of medicinal plants such as Berberis asiatica, Ginkgo biloba, Rauvolfia serpentina, and Rhododendron arboreum is declining from their natural habitats due to high commercial exploitation, medicinal value, slow-growing nature, and climate change. The present study was carried to assess the effects of IAA, IBA, and Rootex PD.01 (commercial 1000 mg kg−1 of indole-3-butyric acid formulation) on survival and growth performance of stem cuttings so as to develop the vegetative propagation protocols for B. asiatica, G. biloba, R. serpentina, and R. arboreum. Four hundred eighty cuttings (120 cuttings of each species) with 0.5–1 cm diameter and 10 cm length were sterilized with 1 g L−1 bavistin and treated with 250 mg L−1 concentration of IAA (indole-3-acetic acid), IBA (indole-3-butyric acid) and Rootex PD.01 (1000 mg kg-1 of IBA) respectively. The survival was highest in G. biloba (90 %) followed by R. serpentina (83.3 %), B. asiatica (80 %) and R. arboreum (66.6 %). Stem cuttings treated with Rootex PD.01 exhibited maximum root length in species i.e. B. asiatica (5.2 cm), G. biloba (8.3 cm), R. serpentina (8.4 cm) and R. arboreum (6.7 cm) respectively. Other growth parameters such as shoot height, shoot diameter, number of leaves per node, number of leaves per plant, and root number were also maximum in stem cuttings treated with Rootex PD.01. This study concluded Rootex PD.01 for the propagation of these species thereby ensuring inexpensive and efficient protocols for mass-scale cultivation.

Vegetative and micropropagation potential of Piper guineense (Schumach and Thonn)

The continuous loss of forest plants due to deforestation, and the increasing demand for Piper guineense because of its medicinal and food value, has put a permanent pressure on its population in the wild where it is collected. A method for conservation and mass propagation is therefore required. This research was undertaken to determine the optimal concentration of auxin needed for vegetative propagation and to investigate the potential of Piper guineense for micropropagation. The auxin optimization study of vegetative propagation was based on the use of two-nodal stem cuttings treated with five different concentrations of indole-butyric acid (IBA). Growth parameters such as the number of sprouted, rooted and survived cuttings among others were determined. To investigate the potential of Piper guineense for micropropagation, nodal explants were subjected to different sterilizing treatments using ethanol, NaOCl, mancozeb, streptomycin and Plant Preservative Mixture (PPM). The effect of plant growth regulators (PGRs) was tested on sterilized nodal explants using full strength Murashige and Skoog (MS) hormone-free media alone as control and MS media supplemented with PGRs (BA, NAA and KIN) at different concentrations and combinations. Significant differences were observed across the treatments for all growth parameters measured. However, 2000 ppm IBA significantly (p<0.05) influenced sprouting and rooting of the stem cuttings. Piper guineense explants have deep tissue contaminants, which cannot be eradicated by surface sterilization alone except double sterilization using PPM. On control media, neither shoot nor root response was observed while the highest percentage of induced roots was obtained from explants cultured on MS +1 mg/L BA + 0.25 mg/L NAA. Shoot induction was only achieved when BA was used alone and when subcultured on media supplemented with NAA, which generated roots.

In vitro propagation of oil-bearing Rosa damascena using phloroglucinol: A protocol for rapid and high-quality shoot multiplication and rooting

Damask rose (Rosa damascena Mill.), of the family Rosaceae, is an important ornamental-medicinal, essential oil-bearing species. Due to its economic value, the aim of this study was to establish a new protocol for the in vitro propagation of R. damascena ‘Isfahan' using phloroglucinol. Axillary bud explants, Murashige and Skoog (MS) medium, and combinations of various plant growth regulators (PGRs) were used for the development of an effective method for rapid and high-quality shoot multiplication and in vitro rooting of Damask rose ‘Isfahan’. In the establishment step, 0.1 mg·L–1 phloroglucinol (PG), 0.2 mg·L–1 gibberellic acid (GA3), 0.1 mg·L–1 indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and 1 mg·L–1 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) were used. Secondary explants (nodal segments containing an axillary bud), obtained after 30 days of culture, were transferred to the proliferation media enriched with different concentrations of PG (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg·L–1), BAP (0, 1, 2 and 3 mg·L–1) and IBA (0, 0.1, 0.2 and 0.3 mg·L–1). A total of 64 combinations of these PGRs were investigated as a factorial experiment on the basis of a completely randomized design. Results showed that the shortest time until bud break (4.3 days), the highest number of green leaves (13.3) and lowest number of yellow leaves (1.3) were obtained in the explants grown on the medium containing 0.3 mg·L–1 PG + 2 mg·L–1 BAP + 0.2 mg·L–1 IBA. The largest number of shoots (4.8), and the highest fresh (5.9 g) and dry (1.2 g) weight of roots per explant were produced in the medium supplemented with 0.2 mg·L–1 PG + 2 mg·L–1 BAP + 0.3 mg·L–1 IBA. The highest regeneration coefficient (2.53), stem length (6.47 cm), fresh (2.32 g) and dry (0.51 g) weight of stem were obtained in the medium with 0.2 mg·L–1 PG + 2 mg·L–1 BAP + 0.2 mg·L–1 IBA. On the other hand, the highest number of roots (4.7) per explant were produced in the media supplemented with 0.3 mg·L–1 PG + 2 mg·L–1 BAP + 0.3 mg·L–1 IBA. None of the shoots regenerated roots in the absence of IBA. In most measured traits, the lowest values of the measured traits were obtained in the control medium without PGRs. Rooted plantlets were transferred to pots containing perlite and peat moss in 2:1 proportion and acclimatized in a greenhouse with a mean 82% survival rate. The positive role of PG in micropropagation was confirmed. The obtained results are more efficient than the previously established ones. Therefore, this cost-effective protocol can be used for the in vitro mass propagation of R. damascena Mill.

Establishing a simple selection method of high hypericin-producing adventitious root lines from leaf explants of Hypericum perforatum var. Topaz

ABSTRACT Hundreds of adventitious root lines from Hypericum perforatum L. were examined for their hypericin content in order to establish a system for studying the production of hypericin in adventitious root lines. The effects of the medium consistency (solid and liquid) and the effects of three different auxins (Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA), Indole-3-acetic acid (IAA), and 1-Naphthaleneacetic acid (NAA)) on the induction of adventitious roots in leaf explants were studied. In a half-strength MS liquid medium with 2 mg/L IBA concentration, adventitious roots developed from H. perforatum leaves, whereas NAA and IAA caused callus-like and low branch roots. HPLC-UV was used to profile hypericin content variations in 100 H. perforatum adventitious root lines. Hierarchical component analysis (HCA) was used for selecting elite lines. After cluster analysis and selecting high-performance lines in terms of hypericin, five elite lines were chosen and the amount of hypericin production, as well as the phenol and flavonoid content, was analysed.

The effect of different IBA doses on rooting in soft-wood cuttings of rootstock candidate sweet cherry, sour cherry and mahaleb genotypes

This study was carried out to investigate the effect of different IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) concentrations on rooting in soft-wood cuttings of rootstock candidate sweet cherry, sour cherry, and mahaleb genotypes in a plastic greenhouse with underfloor heating and mist propagation of Black Sea Agricultural Research Institute. 500, 1000, and 2000 ppm IBA doses were applied to the soft-wood cuttings taken in june. Perlite was used as propagation medium and rooting medium was disinfected with methyl bromide before planting. The study was planned according to a randomized plot design with three replications and 20 cuttings in each replication. The rooting rate (%), number of roots (piece), number of branching roots (piece), and root length (mm) were investigated. The highest rooting ratio of 59 % (08 K 056) was obtained from the 1000 ppm IBA application, while the lowest rooting ratio of 22.50% (55 K 104) was obtained from the 1000 ppm IBA application.

Increasing basal dose of indole-3-butyric acid improve rooting and growth of different cutting types in Dahlia

Dahlias (Dahlia x hybrida) are an important flower crop that have been cultivated in a greenhouse in recent years. However, limited information is available on rooting potential of type of cuttings in response to varying indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) concentration. In the present study, the influence of IBA on the rooting and growth characteristics of Dahlia cuttings was analyzed. The Dahlia cuttings (with heel) were excised form the sprouted tubers and the cuttings without heel were taken from tender terminal shoots. Exogenously applied IBA (1500 mg L−1) for 5 s influenced the rooting characteristics with considerably earlier (17.5 days) root initiation with more number (6.7) and longer length (11.5 cm) of roots. The Dahlia softwood cuttings excised from tuberous shoots yielded better rooting when treated with IBA (1500 mg L−1). Authors suggest Dahlia nursery growers to undertake replicated trials before mass multiplication, to ascertain the varietal response of cuttings to rooting at varying IBA concentration.

Air Layering in Guava (Psidium guajava L.) as Influenced By IBA and Polywrappers

The experiment was conducted employing randomized block design with three replications, and the study consists of 12 treatment combinations in total using different concentration of Indolebutyric acid (IBA) in liquid, powder and paste form as well as using of white polywrappers (WP) and black polywrappers (BP). The best treatment was T11 with IBA Powder form@ 10000 ppm + BP which showed the highest root and growth parameters. With respect to number of primary roots, length of primary roots, diameter of primary roots, number of secondary roots, length of secondary roots, diameter of secondary roots, and dry weight of roots, T11was found superior. At 90 days after planting,70% success in rooting, 71.02% survival percentage, number of shoots per layer 7.78 and 15.56 number of leaf per plant was significantly (p>0.05) found higher as compared to other treatment combinations. Further, T8 (IBALiquid @ 10000 ppm + BP secured second position whereas minimum values were recorded in T3with IBA Paste @ 5000 ppm + White polywrapper.

Effect of Different Indole Butyric Acid Concentrations on Air Layering in Olive (Olea europaea L.)

The present investigation was carried out in the Department of Horticulture, Sam Higginbottom University of Agriculture Technology and Sciences, Prayagraj in August 2022 to December 2022. The experiment was conducted to evaluate the best IBA concentrations among different concentrations of IBA for producing best layering and survival percentage in Olive. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Block Design having 8 treatments and replicated 3 times. The treatment T4 in which IBA 4000 ppm was applied for air layering was found to be best in terms of shoot and root parameters observed, i.e., Number of days to root formation (46.11), Number of roots per layer (7.33), Root length (6.73 cm), Root thickness (1.66 mm), Number of new sprouts (2.67-1MAP, 3.89-2MAP & 5.67-3MAP), length of new shoot (2.78cm-1MAP, 3.73cm-2MAP & 5.44cm-3MAP), Number of new leaves (7.22-1MAP, 10.78-2MAP & 16.56-3MAP) and survival percentage (50.89%) in air layered olive plants, whereas minimum values were recorded in T8 (control). It can be inferred from this study that, the use of IBA 4000 ppm was effective to produce better root and shoot parameters and successful establishment of air layers in olive.

Effect of Different Concentrations of Indole Butyric Acid (IBA), Seaweed Extract and Phloroglucinol on Air Layering in Kinnow

This experiment was conducted to evaluate the best treatment combination among IBA, Seaweed Extract and Phloroglucinol concentration for assesing the success rate, survival percentage of Kinnow. The experiment was laid out in Randomized Design having 12 treatments and replicated 3 times. The T7 IBA@2000ppm+Phloroglucinol@5000ppm recorded highest values in terms of success in rooting percentage (73.67), number of days taken for initial root formation (28.44), root length of layers (7.30cm), number of roots per layering (20.44), root thickness (3.70mm), number of new sprouts per layer (6.56-1MAP, 8.89-2MAP, 8.56-3MAP & 8.00-4MAP), number of new leaves per layer (6.67-1MAP, 10.56-2MAP, 7.09-3MAP & 12.78-4MAP), length of new shoots (4.26cm-1MAP, 5.23cm-2MAP, 7.09cm-3MAP & 9.94cm-4MAP) and survival percentage of rooted polybag transplanted air layers (68.66%) respectively in Kinnow, whereas minimum values were recorded in T6 (IBA@3000ppm + SWE@5000ppm).

Pertumbuhan Stek Pucuk Mangga (Mangifera indica L.) terhadap Respon Konsentrasi IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) dan Macam Media Tanam

Mango (Mangifera indica L.) is a fruit plant that has long been known and has become a commodity that has high economic value and is a trade commodity between countries. Vegetative propagation technique is an alternative to reproduce this type of plant. This study aims to: 1) Determine the concentration of IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) which affects the growth of mango shoot cuttings (Mangifera indica L.). 2) Knowing the planting media that affect the growth of mango shoot cuttings (Mangifera indica L.). 3) To determine the interaction between the concentration of IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) and the planting medium which influences the growth of mango shoot cuttings (Mangifera indica L.). The research was carried out using Factorial Randomized Block Design (RBD) with 2 factors. The first factor was the concentration of IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) (0 ppm, 500 ppm and 1000 ppm) and the second factor was the planting medium (sand, husk charcoal and sand + husk charcoal) with 3 replications. The results of this study were 1) There was an effect of IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) concentration treatment on the growth of mango shoot cuttings (Mangifera indica L.). The effect occurred on the percentage of growing cuttings, days of shoot break, shoot length, and number of leaves. 2) There is an effect of growing media treatment on the growth of mango shoot cuttings (Mangifera indica L.). The effect occurred on the percentage of growing cuttings, shoot length and number of leaves. 3) There was no interaction between the treatment of IBA (Indole Butyric Acid) concentrations and the growing media on the growth of mango shoot cuttings (Mangifera indica L.).

Rooting ability and early growth performance of Supa (Sindora supa Merr.) stem cuttings at varied indolebutyric acid concentrations

Rooting ability and early growth performance of Supa (Sindora supa Merr.) stem cuttings at varied indolebutyric acid concentrations

ASSESSING THE IMPACT OF INDOLE-3-BUTYRIC ACID (IBA) ON ROOTING EFFICIENCY IN CARNATION (DIANTHUS CARYOPHYLLUS L.) PROPAGATION UNDER PROTECTED CONDITIONS

The study aimed to assess the impact of varying Indole-3-Butyric Acid (IBA) concentrations on the rooting efficacy of Carnation (Dianthus Caryophyllus L.) cuttings within a controlled greenhouse setting. Different concentrations of IBA were applied to selected Carnation cultivars to stimulate root development. The greenhouse environment maintained controlled conditions, regulating temperature, humidity, and light to mimic optimal growth settings. The study focused on observing and analyzing rooting responses, particularly concerning root initiation, elongation, and biomass accumulation. Results indicated a distinct relationship between IBA concentrations and the rooting efficiency of Carnation cuttings. Lower concentrations displayed negligible effects on root development, while moderate concentrations significantly stimulated root initiation and elongation. Surprisingly, excessively high IBA concentrations led to reduced rooting responses, suggesting a hormetic effect on root growth. Morphological assessments highlighted that optimal IBA concentrations fostered vigorous root systems characterized by increased length, number, and mass of roots. This research underscores the pivotal role of precise IBA application in promoting successful rooting of Carnation cuttings, especially in controlled environments. The findings provide crucial insights for refining propagation techniques tailored specifically for Carnations, offering guidance to growers in optimizing IBA concentrations for efficient and sustainable cultivation practices in the floriculture industry. Further investigations delving into the prolonged impacts of IBA on overall plant growth and development would deepen the understanding derived from these findings.

Effect of nodal cutting position and plant growth regulator on bud sprouting of Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall. Ex Munro in Uganda

Dendrocalamus giganteus Wall. Ex Munro (giant bamboo) is one of the most economically important bamboo species globally. However, propagation of Dendrocalamus giganteus from seed is hampered by the duration it takes to flower – making the large-scale production of planting stock for this valuable species untenable. This study was conducted under greenhouse conditions to determine the optimal doses of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) and culm cutting position to propagate D. giganteus. Cuttings from the top, middle and basal culm positions were treated with different concentrations of Indole-3-Butyric Acid (0.6 %, 0.8 % and 1.0 %) and a control with distilled water. A mixture of top forest soil and sand in a ratio of 2:1 was used as a growth medium. The experiment was set up in a Complete Randomized Factorial Design (CRFD). Cuttings were monitored for the number of bud sprouts over 18 weeks. Results indicated that cuttings’ position and concentration of IBA greatly influenced the sprouting of D. giganteus. The highest bud sprouts were obtained for 0.6 % IBA and cuttings from the basal position. Bud sprouting was lowest in the control and cuttings from the top position. We conclude that while propagating D. giganteus by culm cuttings, basal cuttings and 0.6 % IBA should be encouraged.

Effects of TDZ and IBA on DNA methylation during callus induction in pear (<i>Pyrus ussuriensis</i> Maxim)

One of the essential epigenetic processes in higher eukaryotes, DNA methylation is essential for maintaining genome integrity and influencing gene expression. There aren't many research on how plant growth regulators (PGR) affect DNA methylation during the pear callus formation process. In this work, By using methylation-sensitive amplification polymorphism (MSAP), DNA methylation in pear callus caused by various quantities of thidiazuron (TDZ) and indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) was compared. The concentrations of TDZ and IBA could affect the callus induction rate and methylation level. It was discovered that induction rate and methylation were negatively correlated. The rate of pear callus induction was highest (54%) while the medium suppled with 3.0 mg·L^-1 TDZ and 4.0 mg·L^-1 IBA, although the matching DNA methylation level was lowest (27.96%). Additionally, there were significant difference in th level of genes' expression between different treatments and Both methylation and demethylation are regulated by these genes. As for genes related to auxin and cytokinin, gene expression analysis revealed that their levels of expression after different concentrations of TDZ combined with IBA present in differences significantly. Our findings provide light on DNA methylation mechanisms of plant tissue culture (PTC) dedifferentiation.

Physiological and anatomical aspects of the rooting of Brunfelsia pauciflora cuttings

• Cuttings represent a viable alternative for the vegetative propagation of Brunfelsia . • The limited rooting of the cuttings was not associated with an anatomical barrier. • Greater quantities of visibly detected starch in B. uniflora favored its rooting. Brunfelsia is an important genus of the Solanaceae family due to its ornamental aspects and pharmacological properties. Brunfelsia pauciflora stem cuttings represent an alternative to seedling production for its propagation. There is no scientific data currently available concerning B. pauciflora cuttings, although previous studies with Brunfelsia uniflora indicated that it may be difficult to root. Anatomical barriers have been reported as limiting factors for some species that are difficult to root. We investigated the effects of the plant growth regulator indolebutyric acid (IBA) and the influence of the seasons of the year on the rooting of B. pauciflora stem cuttings and compared its rooting to B. uniflora . We also investigated the possible influence of anatomical barriers and starch contents on their rooting. Cuttings of B. pauciflora (7 ± 1 cm long) were made in the autumn of 2019, spring/2019, and summer/2020, and treated with IBA at concentrations of 0, 2000, 4000, and 8000 mg L −1 . For comparison, similar cuttings of B. uniflora were prepared during spring/2019 and treated with IBA concentrations of 0, 4000, and 8000 mg L −1 . The rooting variables of both species were analyzed after 120 days of growth in a greenhouse. For the anatomical analyses, segments of the base of the cuttings were collected on the day of their collection, and again after the 120 day growth period. The samples were embedded in historesin, sectioned, and stained with toluidine blue and Lugol's iodine solution. No combined influence of plant growth regulator concentrations and the season of the year was identified, indicating that those factors act separately on the adventitious rooting of B. pauciflora . The IBA plant growth regulator did not significantly affect any of the variables analyzed. The greatest rooting of B. pauciflora (38.8%), the highest leaf maintenance (82.0%), and the lowest mortality rate (11.2%) were observed in the summer. The species can be classified as difficult-to-root. B. uniflora , on the other hand, evidenced a greater rooting capacity (52.2%) in the spring than B. pauciflora (12.2%). The use of IBA (4000 mg L −1 ) resulted in an increased rooting rate of B. uniflora . Anatomically, it was possible to identify the origin of the root primordia as the vascular cambium region, with root formation being defined as direct. A ring of perivascular fibers, often indicated in the literature as an anatomical barrier, was not observed as such in B. pauciflora , as rooting not only overcame the fibers, but also the callus mass. The two species of Brunfelsia differed in terms of their starch contents, which was greater in B. uniflora and appeared to favor its rooting.

Growth Performance of Black Pepper (P. nigrum) Cuttings in Different Rooting Media and Growth Regulators

Black pepper (Piper nigrum) is recognized as "Black Gold" and "King of Spices" because of its widespread use in culinary preparation, food flavoring, and condiment seasoning. It has worldwide fragrance and medical use. The purpose of the conducted research was to investigate growth performance of P. nigrum cuttings in various rooting media and growth regulators concentrations in a low-cost non-mist propagation chamber at the Agroforestry Field Laboratory, Department of Agroforestry and Environmental Science, Sylhet Agricultural University, Sylhet during the period starting from August 2019 to June' 2020. The experiment consisted of two factors: different rooting media and different concentrations of growth regulator, IBA (Indole 3-Butyric Acid). Under the first factor, there were four treatments, namely M1= biochar, M2= vermicompost, M3= well-decomposed cow dung, and M4= field soil as control. Under the second factor, there were four treatments, namely R1= 0.2%, R2= 0.4% and R3= 0.8%, and R4= 0.0% of IBA. The whole experiment was designed in a factorial RCBD (Randomized Complete Block Design) with three replications. Among the different media, M1 treatment (biochar) exhibited superior performance concerning vine length and the number of nodes per vine. On the other hand, R2 treatment (0.4%) concentration of IBA showed better performance regarding the number of roots and vine length. The research found that the growth performance of P. nigrum cuttings are accelerated through integrating rooting media and growth regulators. Consequently, the demand for planting materials could be met.

Response of Indole 3 butyric acid during air layering on root and shoot induction behavior in Guava (Psidium guajava L) CV Sardar (L-49)

Air layering is practiced as it has assured to produce true to type plants and early and better rooting is observed when treated with Indole-3-butyric acid (IBA). A field experiment was conducted to study the Rooting and shooting behaviour in Guava (Psidium guajava L.) air layering under different concentrations of IBA during 2019 in guava orchard located at Maheru, Lovely Professional University, Phagwara, Punjab. A total of ten treatments with three replications comprising T1 –Control, T2- IBA@ 5 g, T3- IBA@ 6 g, T4- IBA@ 7 g, T5- IBA@ 8 g, T6- IBA@ 9 g, T7- IBA@ 10 g, T8- IBA@ 11 g, T9- IBA@ 12 g, T10- IBA@ 5000 ppm (Liquid) were applied. Thirteen observations of the root and shoot characters were recorded and analyzed in factorial design of RBD. The results indicated that IBA@ 8 g (T5) performed better than control and produced the best results in root parameters and shoot parameters such as the number of days to root (31.7), primary roots (59.30), primary root length (8.74 cm), primary root diameter (0.89 mm), secondary roots (45.57), secondary root length (5.73 cm), fresh root weight (0.93 g) and dry root weight, (0.81g) number of side shoots (6.87), length of side shoots (4.10 cm), length of longest side shoots (6.01 cm) and number of leaves per air layer (33.93). The existing guava production is not able to meet our present demand of guava fruits to the increasing population of the country. It is commonly propagated by seed. However, the seedlings produced are not true to type and they also take much longer to bear fruits than asexually propagated materials as the juvenile phase is eliminated in asexually propagated plants. Therefore, in the present study, guava air layering plants treated with the IBA@ 8 g are true to type and do not take much time to bear fruits, thus contributing to quality guava production.

Effect of Indole-3-Butyric Acid on Growth of V-1 Mulberry Cuttings with Varying Number of Buds in Bangalore

The present study was conducted in Bangalore. It aims at studying the effect of different concentrations of indole-3-butyric acid (IBA) (1000, 2000 and 3000 ppm) on V-1 mulberry cuttings with varying number of buds (one, two, three and four) consist of twelve treatments which were replicated thrice in Factorial CRD. The results on interaction effect of various concentration of IBA on mulberry cuttings with varying number of buds recorded best results in three budded cuttings treated with 3000 ppm of IBA regarding number of sprouted cuttings (14.67) and survival percentage (96.66%) of the saplings. Number of leaves (10.60) and length of shoot (26.63 cm) was maximum in two budded cuttings treated with 3000 ppm of IBA and the results of this interaction were on par with three budded cuttings treated with 3000 ppm of IBA. Whereas, one budded cutting without IBA treatment recorded minimum number of sprouted cuttings (9.67), survival percentage (43.33%), number of leaves (5.67) and length of shoot (21.43 cm). From the present experiment, we can recommend to use two budded cuttings treated with 3000 ppm of IBA instead of three budded cuttings treated with 3000 ppm of IBA.

Vegetative Propagation of Eureka Seedless Lemon (Citrus limon L.Cv Eureka seedless) using Different Types of Stem Cutting and Concentrations of Indole-3-Butyric Acid in Winter

Citrus can be propagated successfully through stem cutting. However, success of the propagation is depends on various internal as well as external factors. The 2*7 factorial Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) experiment was conducted at the Institute of Agriculture and Animal Sciences, Paklihawa Campus, Rupandehi, Nepal from 22 November 2019 to 5 March 2020 to assess the interaction effect of types of stem cuttings and indole 3 butyric acid (IBA) concentrations on the vegetative propagation of Eureka seedless lemon in winter. Stem cutting types had two levels: hardwood and semi-hardwood cutting and IBA concentrations had seven different level i.e control, 500 ppm, 1000 ppm, 2000 ppm, 3000 ppm, 4000 ppm, and 5000 ppm respectively forming overall 14 treatments and three replications. Statistically, significant interaction effects were seen in root parameters. The highest total number of the root(18.00) were found in hardwood cuttings treated with 4000 ppm and lowest total number of roots(1.66) was found in semi-hardwood cuttings treated with 0 ppm of IBA. A statistically significant interaction effect was not found in most of the shoot parameters. However, maximum sprouting (93.33%), the average number of shoots (4.67), average length of the shoot (7.86), and minimum days for first sprouting (30.67 days) were found in hard wood cuttings treated with 4000 ppm IBA. Considering different root and shoot parameters, hardwood cuttings treated with 4000 ppm performed best for root and shoot development. Thus, hardwood cuttings treated with 4000 ppm IBA can be appropriate method for easy and early propagation of eureka seedless lemon.