BOD Concentration Research Articles

Analysis of the Landfill Leachate Treatment System Using Arima Models: A Case Study in a Megacity

Leachate has been reported as the most significant source of landfill pollution. Predicting the characteristics of untreated and treated leachate may be useful during optimal scheduling of leachate treatment systems. The objective of this paper is to show an analysis of the operation of a landfill leachate treatment system in a Latin American megacity (Bogota, Colombia) by means of auto-regressive integrated moving average (ARIMA) models. A comparative analysis of the leachate treated with respect to reference legislation is carried out. The influence of climate variables during the operation of the treatment system is also considered. The results suggest that the concentrations of heavy metals (HMs), BOD5, and COD in untreated leachate do not follow the same annual cycles observed for the quantity of solid waste disposed within the landfill. This difference is possibly associated with the hydraulic retention time (HRT) of the leachate inside the conduction and pre-treatment system (storage/homogenization ponds). The ARIMA analysis suggests an HRT of up to one month (AR = 1) for the HMs identified as indicators of untreated leachate (Cu, Pb, and Zn). It is noted that the removal efficiency of HM indicators of the operation of the leachate treatment plant (Fe and Ni) is probably conditioned by operations carried out over a period of one month (AR = 1). The high input concentration of these HM indicators may prevent changing their ARIMA temporal structure during leachate treatment. This is reflected in the low removal efficiencies for all HMs under study (average = 26.1%).

PENGARUH VARIASI MEDIA DAN JUMLAH TUMBUHAN TYPHA LATIFOLIA TERHADAP PENURUNAN KADAR BOD DAN COD PADA LIMBAH CAIR INDUSTRI TAHU DI SIDOARJO

Sidoarjo Regency is one of the supporting districts of East Java province. Sidoarjo Regency is experiencing rapid progress because of the development and potential in trade and industry. One of the industries often found in Sidoarjo Regency is tofu factory. The rapid number of tofu craftsmen industry has caused an increase in the volume of liquid waste which also flows into water bodies. The purpose of this study was to determine the reduction in BOD and COD levels for the tofu factory wastewater treatment in the Sepande area, Sidoarjo Regency using a contructed wetland with Typha latifolia as the remediator. The research stage will be carried out using a laboratory scale using acclimatization as the adaptation stage of Typha latifolia and a crontructed wetland reactor as phytoremediation processing. Based on the results and discussion, it can be concluded that there was a decrease in BOD and COD levels in the tofu industrial wastewater in Sidoarjo using the Constructed Wetland system. The percentage reduction in BOD content was greatest in soil media with 3 stems of Typha latifolia plants and a detention time of 4 days of 72%. While the largest percentage reduction in COD levels was in soil media with 2 stems of Typha latifolia plants and 4 days of detention time of 84%.

Developing horizontal subsurface flow constructed wetland using pumice and Chrysopogon zizanioides for tannery wastewater treatment

BackgroundHigh-strength wastewater defined by elevated levels of hazardous pollutants measured in BOD, heavy metals, nutrients and other toxic substances. This kind of wastewater discharged to water body without treatment from different industrial sectors that adversely affects aquatic environment and downstream water consumers. The general objective of this study is to investigate efficient substrate with selected plant type for constructed wetland to remove hazardous pollutants from tannery wastewater. This study was conducted at Modjo town, Modjo tannery PLC. Plug flow experimental study design was carried out. The substrate (Pumice) was collected around the study area and chemical characteristics were determined. Chrysopogon zizanioides was planted and grown for 5 months before running tannery wastewater for the treatment. The composite wastewater was introduced to the constructed wetland from Modjo leather industry, Ethiopia. The physicochemical analysis of the sample wastewater was done before and after treatment at four different hydraulic retention time.ResultsCharacterization of the untreated tannery wastewater revealed that the mean concentration of BOD5, COD, TSS, PO4-P, TP, NO3-N, TN and total chromium were 1641 ± 373.6, 6953.33 ± 339.4, 1868 ± 863.1, 88.06 ± 40.8, 144.53 ± 20.8, 116.66 ± 26.6, 650.33 ± 93.6 and 18.33 ± 6.7 mg/l respectively beyond the permissible limits. The maximum removal efficiency of the constructed wetland in pumice bed revealed that BOD5 at HRT 7and 9 days (96.42%, 96.30%), COD at HRT 5 and 7 days (96.76%, 96.91%), NO3-N at HRT 5 and 7 days (99.99%, 99.68%), TN (98.67%, 99.00%), PO4-P HRT 7and 9 days (96.97%,100%), TP at HRT 5 and 7 days (94.79%, 96.17%) and total Chromium at HRT 5 and 7 days (98.36%, 98.91%) respectively. Whereas, the removal efficiency of constructed wetland bed with gravel substrate used as a control subject with similar condition to pumice showed lower performance. The result between pumice and gravel bed was tested for their significance difference using two sample t-test statistics. Based on the test statistics, the pumice substrate perform better than the gravel significantly at 95% confidence interval, p-value = 0.01.ConclusionPumice substrate and Chrysopogon zizanioides have a potential ability to remove hazardous pollutants from tannery wastewater in horizontal subsurface constructed wetlands.

Effectiveness Analysis of Anaerobic Digestion Method in Making Biogas from Animal Manure and Tofu Liquid Waste

Organic waste has high COD and BOD content, so it is dangerous if disposed of directly into the environment. Organic waste processing, such as waste from livestock manure and liquid tofu waste, requires a process that can reduce COD and BOD levels as well as produce valuable products. Anaerobic digestion method is the proper process to convert complex compounds in waste into simpler compounds with methanogenic bacteria into a renewable energy product, namely biogas. On the other hand, the anaerobic digestion process can reduce COD and BOD levels in the biogas formation process. This study uses raw materials such as cow manure and chicken manure, and liquid tofu waste. The variables that produced the largest biogas were those with a ratio of 70% cow dung, 15% chicken manure, and 15% tofu liquid waste with a total of 3,251.5 mL. Then, the COD and BOD levels decreased significantly with more than 98% COD removal, and more than 95% BOD removal in all variables at the end of the anaerobic digestion process.

Evaluasi Teknik Operasional dari Kinerja Instalasi Pengolahan Lumpur Tinja di Kota Kendari

Fecal waste requires treatment (IPLT) that contains pollutant compounds which result in creating damage to the environment or potentially creating pollution. Therefore, we need a performance evaluation to optimize the performance of the Kendari City IPLT. The Kendari City IPLT serves processing of sewage sludge throughout the sub-district with sources from domestic waste processing units and facilities. Sludge desludging is only carried out by 3% of the total septic tank units that must be vacuumed. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the performance of the IPLT in treating waste and determine whether the effluent generated from the IPLT has met the specified quality standards. This research method is to compare the effectiveness of Kendari City IPLT conditions with LH Regulation No. 05 of 2014. The BOD content after analysis was 125.1 mg/L and the oil content was 1 mg / l. The Kendari City IPLT treatment unit consisting of an imhoff tank, anaerobic pool, facultative pool and maturation pool in good condition some ponds did not meet the criteria according to the Ministry of Public Works in 1998. The imhoff tank was only 3.7 m (criteria 6-9 m), the anaerobic pool caused odor that can interfere, facultative pool water height of 2.0 m (criteria 1.2 - 2.4 m).

The Potential of Constructed Wetlands for Liquid Waste Management in Small and Medium-Scale Tannery: A Literature Review

The leather tanning industry or tannery, mainly in the small and medium scale (SMEs), is not environmentally friendly. Limited capitals drive the SMEs-scale tanneries to dispose of liquid waste directly into water bodies without proper treatment. It might cause serious environmental problems due to the high content of COD, BOD, chromium, and dyes. Treatment of liquid waste using constructed wetlands has been widely used because it is efficient, cheap, and powerful. This review discusses the latest studies in the wastewater treatment of tanneries using phytoremediation techniques and constructed wetlands and their potential applications in the SMEs tanneries.

Phytoremediation of batik industry wastewater using water hyacinth plant as a medium for maintaining Cyprinus Carpio L.

Batik is one of Indonesia's cultural heritage that has been recognized internationally. Currently, public demand for batik continues to increase, increasing the production of the batik industry in Banten and will be the impact of increasing batik liquid waste. The results of batik production waste are usually directly disposed of through public water channels without being treated first. This condition can cause environmental pollution that will disrupt the sustainability of aquatic ecosystems. The purpose of this study was to determine the effect of phytoremediation of batik industrial wastewater on the lethality and structure of Cyprinus Carpio L. scales. This study used a completely randomized design with 5 treatments and 3 repetitions. The treatment used was the maintenance of Cyprinus Carpio L. in the wastewater from the phytoremediation batik industry with concentrations of 0%, 5%, 10%, 20%, and 40%. The results showed that phytoremediation using water hyacinth plants reduced the BOD and COD content of batik waste. Phytoremediation of batik waste affects the lethality of Cyprinus Carpio L. and the structure of the scales. At concentrations of 20% and 40%, the highest average percentage of lethality is 60% death. Fish mortality is characterized by changes in behavior such as movement activity, body balance, and color morphology. The concentration of the batik industry wastewater also affects the amount of lethality and the sublethal effect of Cyprinus Carpio L. The attachment of the waste indicates the sublethal effect to the scales, the highest concentration of which is 20% and 40%, respectively.

Effect of seasonal variation on the occurrences of high-risk pharmaceutical in drain-laden surface water: A risk analysis of Yamuna River

The occurrence of pharmaceutical residues in the aquatic ecosystem is an emerging concern of environmentalists. This study primarily investigated the seasonal variation of high-priority pharmaceutical residues in the Yamuna River, accompanied by 22 drains discharge from different parts of Delhi. Five sampling sites were selected for analyzing high-priority pharmaceuticals along with physico-chemical and biological parameters for 3 season's viz. pre-monsoon (PrM), monsoon (DuM), and post-monsoon (PoM), respectively. The maximum occurrences were detected during the PoM, compared to the PrM and DuM seasons. The maximum concentration of BOD, COD, and Phosphate was detected at the last sampling station (SP-5). Similarly, all targeted pharmaceuticals concentration were maximum at the last sampling point i.e. Okhla barrage (SP-5, max: DIC = 556.1 ng/l, IBU = 223.4 ng/l, CAR = 183.1 ng/l, DIA = 457.8 ng/l, OFL = 1726.5 ng/l, FRU = 312.2 ng/l and SIM = 414.9 ng/l) except at Barapulla downstream (SP-4, max: ERY = 178.1 ng/l). The mean concentrations of Fecal coliform (FC) ranged from 1700 to 6500 CFU/100 ml. The maximum colonies were detected in PrM season (6500 CFU/100 ml) followed by PoM (5800 CFU/100 ml) and least in DuM (1700 CFU/100 ml). Risk quotient (RQ) analysis of high-priority pharmaceuticals indicated high ecotoxicological risks exposure (>1) from DIC, DIA, OFL, and SIM in all seasons at all the sampling sites. However, lower risk was predicted for IBU, CAR, ERY, and FRU, respectively. This risk assessment indicated an aquatic ecosystem potentially exposed to high risks from these pharmaceutical residues. Moreover, seasonal agricultural application, rainfall, and temperature could influence the levels and compositions of pharmaceutical residue in the aquatic ecosystem. Hence, attention is required particularly to this stream since it is only a local lifeline source for urban consumers for domestic water supply and farmers for cultivation.

Impact of paddy fields on water quality of Gala Lake (Turkey): An important migratory bird stopover habitat

Gala Lake is an internationally important lake due to its location on one of the world's most important bird migration routes. For this reason, water quality of the lake is of great concern. However, the lake surrounded by paddy fields may face eutrophication and toxic metal contamination due to excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides. In this study, impact of paddy fields on water quality of the Gala Lake was investigated. The concentrations of metal(loid)s and physico-chemical parameters in surface water samples taken from the lake were measured and compared with water quality guidelines. Also, human health risks and contamination status of metal(loid)s were assessed. The mean NO2, SRP and BOD concentrations in the lake exceeded the permissible levels for both salmonid and cyprinid waters. The mean BOD value indicated contaminated water quality in the lake, while mean COD and SRP values indicated lightly contaminated water quality. The mean As, Cr and Pb values in the winter exceeded the drinking water limits set by WHO and EC, while the mean Cr and Zn values exceeded the limit values for the protection of freshwater aquatic organisms set by USEPA. Similarly, heavy metal pollution index and the degree of contamination values in the winter indicated that the lake water is moderately polluted. Health risk assessment results revealed that As and Cr in the lake water via ingestion exposure pathway may pose both non-carcinogenic and carcinogenic health risks to the residents. The results of this study indicated that paddy fields are a major source of nutrients, organic matter and toxic metal(loid)s to the Gala Lake. To improve the water quality of the lake, we suggest that excessive use of fertilizers and pesticides should be controlled to reduce metal(loid) and nutrient loads from the paddy fields.

The Study of River Water Quality in Water Pollution Control: Case Study ofTalawaan River, North Minahasa District, North Sulawesi Province

This research was conducted to assess the quality of river water in the context of controlling water pollution in the TalawaanRiver in North Minahasa Regency, North Sulawesi Province. This research is a descriptive-quantitative research. The fieldresearch was carried out in the Talawaan River, North Minahasa Regency. Water quality measurement includes physicalparameters: TSS, and chemical parameters; BOD and COD were carried out at five monitoring points. The results showedthat the content of BOD, COD, and TSS in Talawaan River water met the water quality standards (Type B water). Thecharacteristics of the waste (BOD, COD and TSS), the concentration values of BOD, COD and TSS concentration values donot exceed the quality standard according to their designation. The potential for domestic waste pollution load reaches 1,495kg/day from a total population of 16,040 people. The status of Telawan River water quality is classified as ”lightly polluted”based on the studied parameters; there are several other variables that were not included in this study, such as T-P, TotalColi, and Fecal Coli

Evaluasi Teknik Operasional dari Kinerja Instalasi Pengolahan Lumpur Tinja di Kota Kendari

Fecal waste requires treatment (IPLT) that contains pollutant compounds which result in creating damage to the environment or potentially creating pollution. Therefore, we need a performance evaluation to optimize the performance of the Kendari City IPLT. The Kendari City IPLT serves processing of sewage sludge throughout the sub-district with sources from domestic waste processing units and facilities. Sludge desludging is only carried out by 3% of the total septic tank units that must be vacuumed. The purpose of this study is to determine the effectiveness of the performance of the IPLT in treating waste and determine whether the effluent generated from the IPLT has met the specified quality standards. This research method is to compare the effectiveness of Kendari City IPLT conditions with LH Regulation No. 05 of 2014. The BOD content after analysis was 125.1 mg/L and the oil content was 1 mg / l. The Kendari City IPLT treatment unit consisting of an imhoff tank, anaerobic pool, facultative pool and maturation pool in good condition some ponds did not meet the criteria according to the Ministry of Public Works in 1998. The imhoff tank was only 3.7 m (criteria 6-9 m), the anaerobic pool caused odor that can interfere, facultative pool water height of 2.0 m (criteria 1.2 - 2.4 m).

Biological treatment of saline domestic wastewater by using a down-flow hanging sponge reactor

In this study, the effect of salinity on the removal of organic matter and nitrogen concentrations in bioreactor was investigated using a hybrid bench scale down-flow hanging sponge (DHS) system for 145 days of operation. The reactor had three identical sections that were filled to 30% volume with Bio-Bact to serve as attached media. The DHS reactor was fed with domestic wastewater that was mixed with increasing concentration of sodium chloride from 0.5 to 3.0% stepwise. The influent and effluent concentrations of BOD5, CODCr, NH4+-N, and TN were analyzed to evaluate the performance of the DHS reactor during the operational period. Results indicate that when salinity was increased from 0.5 to 3.0%, the removal efficiency gradually decreased from 80.3% to 61.5% for CODCr, 76.4%–65.0% for BOD5, 64.1%–48.4% for NH4+-N, and 50%–36% for TN. Besides, the changes in biofilm characteristics with increasing salinity were observed during the operational period. The results indicate that salinity has a significant influence on the removal of organic matters and nitrogen transformation in the biofilm of the bioreactor. Even so, the DHS reactor revealed a good potential for treating saline wastewater.

Water quality investigation of the main river in Daegu, South Korea

River water quality of Daegu city has been fluctuating for the last several years. This condition requires attention to avoid the possibility of severe water quality degradation. This study aims to identify temporal and spatial distribution, sources of pollutants, and the dominance of specific pollutants on the Nakdong River. River water quality data with a duration of 5 years has been collected and analyzed statistically and combined with Geographic Information System (GIS). The data included BOD, COD, SS, TN, TP, Chl-a, and TOC. The results showed a repetition of a period of decline in river water quality due to the algal bloom phenomenon. This phenomenon closely related to the BOD concentration in the river. Also, the emergence of TOC in high concentrations requires special attention so that it does not become an ongoing problem. COD has the most positive correlation with TOC. This problem becomes serious because it was located at the inlet of water treatment plant in this river. Controlling BOD and COD concentration, especially from effluent of wastewater treatment plant, might become one of the relevant solutions to restrain river water quality degradation. The results of further identification indicate the possibility of nonpoint sources influence, which resulting the river water quality decrease.

ANALYSIS OF WATER QUALITY STATUS USING METHOD OF WATER POLLUTION INDEX: A CASE STUDY ON THE DENDENG RIVER

The Dendeng River is vital for economic sustainability and viability for the community, industry and commerce around the flood plain of the river as well as raw water sources of the Kupang PDAM. However, increased domestic and industrial waste disposal along the river has caused severe pollution. One way to maintain the quality of the river is by continuously monitoring the pollutants and applying technology control as well as controlling strategy. The aim of the research mainly is to establish the water quality status of Dendeng River by water pollution Index method based on parameter physics and chemistry, i.e. pH, DO, COD, BOD, TSS, TDS, NH3-N, NO2-N, NO3-N, and PO4-P. The research was carried out based on field survey and sample examined in situ and in laboratory. The removal of water sample from Dendeng River conducted based on composite sampling as many as six point locations of Dendeng River as representative of upstream up to downstream zone. The quality status of Dendeng River is in good condition to lightly polluted with a pollution index value of 0.6 to 1.52. Value of the DO, BOD, COD, and phosphate content were higher than the allowable class 1 standard. The Water Quality Index value of Dendeng River was 86.67, which is included in the good water quality class.

Combining grease trap and Moringa Oleifera as adsorbent to treat wastewater restaurant

This research's main goal is to decrease the concentration of fats and oils, phosphorus, and organic material in the wastewater. This study, therefore, explored the use of activated Moringa oleifera as an alternative adsorbent for decreasing the phosphate concentration and organic material as BOD5 via the adsorption process. A grease trap was used to catch fats and oils, separated into three compartments. The use of these three compartments aimed to improve the efficiency of grease traps. In the meantime, adsorption was used to decrease the concentration of BOD5 and phosphate. moringa oleifera and commercial activated carbon (Powdered Activated Carbon, that produced from carbonaceous raw materials, coconut shell, and wood) were the adsorption media used in this analysis. The findings of this study showed the grease trap capability in which it could remove 89.83% of fats and oils by using three compartments. When considering the optimum condition achieved by using moringa oleifera as the adsorbent, it was found that more than 85% of both BOD5 and phosphate can be removed with an adsorbent height of 15 cm and an adsorption tube diameter of 15 cm. Additionally, Thomas Model was fitted by moringa oleifera and commercial adsorbents to explain the pattern of adsorption of BOD5 and phosphate in wastewater. The results of the model showed a maximum reduction in BOD5 690 mg/g and phosphate 0.215 mg/g by moringa oleivera adsorbents. This research investigated the effectiveness of Moringa oleifera as an adsorbent, cnsidering the basic surface area characteristics, pore diameter, and pore volume of Moringa oleifera as an adsorbent.

Dynamic anaerobic membrane bioreactor (DAnMBR) with phase separation for food processing wastewater treatment at mesophilic temperature: Characterization of cake layer

The treatment of high-strength wastewater using an anaerobic digester coupled with a dynamic membrane has gained significant interest of late due to its small footprint and low cost of supporting material for the membrane. Dynamic membrane fundamentally performs similarly to the conventional membranes by the cake layer deposited onto the supporting material with eventual fouling stage. The filtration performance is proportionally related to the cake layer development. Thus, the objective of this study is to characterize the cake layer affecting the filtration performance. A two-phase anaerobic digester with submerged 20-µm woven filter cloth as the supporting membrane (DAnMBR) was used in this study to treat food-processing wastewater. The organic loading rate of 5.0 g COD/L.day was fed into the DAnMBR, and the cake layer samples were taken at 14 days intervals until fouling occurred. The performance of the wastewater treatment and characteristics of the cake layer and bulk sludge were analyzed. It took a total of 35 days for the dynamic membrane to foul with a final flux of 2.5 L/m2·h and transmembrane pressure of 0.7 bar. The protein ratio to polysaccharide (PN/PS) of the extracellular polymeric substances increased significantly compared to soluble microbial product PN/PS ratio; thus, it is the main contributor to the membrane fouling. The thickness of the cake layer increased slightly from day 14 to 28 but sharply at the fouled stage (day 35), agreeing with the treatment performance. The concentrations of COD, BOD5, ammoniacal nitrogen, oil and grease, total suspended solids, and turbidity followed closely the inverse proportional trend of cake layer development. The size of the foulants that made up the cake layer resulted in micropore size dynamic membrane emanating the treatment performance of the DAnMBR is comparable to the conventional microfiltration AnMBR.

Short-time irrigation on young olive tree (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali) with untreated industrial poultry wastewater: investigation of growth parameters and leaves chemical composition.

The purpose of this study was to evaluate the short-term irrigation effect with industrial poultry wastewater on young olive trees (Olea europaea L. cv. Chemlali). Industrial poultry wastewater can be considered as a bio-fertilizer due to its richness in nutritive elements (SO42-, HCO3-, total nitrogen, and K+). The physicochemical analysis of wastewater showed a high concentration of TSS, COD, BOD, COT, NO3-, and conductivity. Measurements indicated that poultry wastewater enhanced plant growth, leaves dry matter, and ashes in comparison with tap water, as well as poultry wastewater diluted with tap water; however, a decrease in total soluble sugars (glucose and fructose) was detected in leaves. The determination of fatty acid profile of young olive trees leaves irrigated with poultry wastewater showed richness on saturated fatty acids in comparison with mono- and poly-unsaturated ones. In addition, oleic acid (C18:1) presented the lowest content in leaves of trees irrigated with poultry wastewater irrigation. According to those results, poultry wastewater lends itself to being a hydric alternative and at the same time a source of nutrients that can help fill the water deficit in semi-arid countries and avoid costly waste disposal for slaughterhouses.

Study of energy consumption in a wastewater treatment plant using logistic regression

The aim of this paper is to predict the energy consumption of a wastewater treatment plant from Romania, taking into account the flowrate, concentration of BOD, TSS, COD and the energy consumption. For the mathematical model the logistic regression was applied. The input data used were from a waste treatment plant in Romania, for a period of 2 years 2015 and 2017, a total of random 403 dataset. The treatment technologies of WWTP consist of advanced biological treatment SBR (nitrification, denitrification, and phosphorus removal), aerobic sludge stabilization, dewatering, storage and chemical disinfection. Octave software was used to build the model. The answer of the model refers to the fact that for a given situation there will be high energy consumption or low energy consumption in the wastewater treatment plant (WWTP). Performance of the model was compared with real value.

Usage of Fenton Reagent in Local Tannery Wastewater Bioremediation

The tannery industry produces liquid wastewater containing high organic and inorganic pollutants. This study aims to determine the effect of Fenton reagent as a bioremediation agent in tannery wastewater treatment. The material used in this study was tannery wastewater from the local leather industry in Bantul, Yogyakarta. This study was arranged in a Completely Randomized Design with triplicates for each treatment, and the result was analyzed using ANOVA and Duncan Multiple range test for the significant difference. The treatment consisted of 4 different concentrations of the Fenton reagent addition P0 (0%), P1 (0.2%), P2 (0.4%), and P3 (0.6%). The BOD, COD, TS, total chrome (Cr), and chrome hexavalent (Cr (VI)) content were observed in this research. This study showed that Fenton reagent’s addition at different concentrations had no significant effect (P > 0.05) on the BOD content. However, it has a significant effect (P < 0.05) on increasing the value of TS, TSS. However, it decreased the value of COD, Total Cr, and Cr (VI). The addition of 0.6% in P3 had the highest effect by reducing 66.7% COD, 11.8% of total chrome (Cr), and 11.5% of Cr (VI). It could be concluded that the addition of the Fenton reagent until 0.6% of this study has not been able to meet the standard quality standard for tannery wastewater. However, it was able to reduce inorganic pollutants, especially in Cr (VI). Combining several methods in bioremediation with the Fenton reagent may important for further study on tannery wastewater treatment.

Performance of temperature changes and dosage for enhancement of nitrogen and phosphorus removal from wastewater: A comparative study

The development in Iraq, in addition to the increase in the population and the increase in the standard of living, has led to a marked increase in the demand for water, as the shortage of fresh water resources has become a problem that concerns specialists and decision-makers as it affects the water deficit, especially in the provision of drinking water (the basis of life) in addition to other requirements such as agriculture. Which led to the search for other possible solutions available. One of these solutions is the reuse of treated wastewater in agriculture or any other uses to save fresh water and expand agricultural areas after removing high concentrations of nutrients such as nitrogen and phosphorous. The aim of the study is to improve the performance of the treatment method used by the sewage treatment plant to achieve the removal of nutrients from the treated water. The dual use of a biological treatment and chemical precipitation process to remove phosphorous compounds from wastewater was studied. To avoid instability in the biological treatment method due to temperature changes during the year, especially in the summer. The obtained wastewater treatment plant validation was verified by applying the existing plant planning in GPS-X 8.0 modeling and simulation software, by combining biological and chemical removal methods to improve the performance of a wastewater treatment plant in Khairy in Al Diwaniyah, Iraq (KWWTP). The results showed that a series of conditions for anaerobic, oxygen and aerobic reactors help to remove biological nutrients efficiently. The concentration of COD, BOD and TSS were below the permissible environmental parameters. The removal rate of nitrogen as N-NH3 is 92.96; 94.93; 97.60% respectively. The phosphorous removal rate is 80.22, 86.55, 92.30 respectively Except for the release of nitrogen and phosphorous compounds during the summer (July and August) due to the sensitivity of phosphorous-containing organisms to the influence of temperature. The increasing concentrations of phosphorous produced in the summer were treated by adding doses of chemicals (alum) at different stages of the wastewater treatment plant, and the required dose of Alum ranges in the range of 0.5-0.9 kgAl / kg P, according to the dose strategy that achieves the highest efficiency of the KWWTP.