We have investigated the colloidal stability and interactions in a mixture of colloidal silica (LudoxTM) and an oil-in-water microemulsion (AOT/decane/brine). Stable silica–microemulsion mixtures containing large fractions of dispersed phase (φoil+ φLudox> 0.36) can be prepared. For fixed silica and AOT concentrations, the addition of decane increases the size of the microemulsion droplets. Since the surfactant concentration remains constant, this droplet growth is balanced by a decrease in the number density of droplets. Partial structure factors for the mixture are extracted from sets of small-angle neutron scattering (SANS) data using a solvent contrast variation technique. The extracted partial structure factors are compared qualitatively to model calculations for a multicomponent sticky hard sphere (SHS) fluid. A shallow contact potential (approximately 2.6kT) between the Ludox particles is necessary to obtain agreement between model and experiment in the low-qregion of the partial structure factors. The magnitude of this contact potential does not change with decane concentration, in agreement with the macroscopic observation that there is no observable change in the stability of these silica–microemulsion mixtures.