Concentrations In Plant Organs Research Articles

Differential Effects of Nitrogen and Phosphorus Fertilization Rates and Fertilizer Placement Methods on P Accumulations in Maize.

Crop production in Afghanistan suffers from limited phosphorus (P) availability, which severely hinders national agriculture sustainability. This study hypothesized that deep fertilizer placement could significantly enhance the uptake of immobile P and, thus, tissue P accumulation and crop yield. A two-year pot experiment growing two maize (Zea mays) hybrid cultivars (Xida-789 and Xida-211) was, therefore, conducted to test these hypotheses under three contrasting fertilizer placement methods (broadcast, side band, and deep band). In doing so, P concentrations in both maize tissues and soils were compared at 45, 60, and 115 days after sowing (DAS) under nine combinations of nitrogen (N) and P fertilizer rates (kg ha-1: N112P45, N112P60, N112P75, N150P45, N150P60, N150P75, N187P45, N187P60, N187P75). Results have shown that deep band placement significantly increased P uptake efficiency, leading to greater P concentration and accumulation in maize tissues compared to the other two fertilization methods. This improved P uptake was attributed to several factors associated with deep placement, including reduced P fixation, enhanced root access to P, and moisture availability for P uptake. Additionally, deep band placement combined with higher N application rates (N187 and N150) further enhanced plant P uptake by promoting P availability and utilization mechanisms. Deep band placement also resulted in significantly higher total soil P, Olsen-P, and P use efficiency than broadcast and side band methods, indicating a more efficient P fertilization strategy for maize that can improve growth and yield. This study also found positive correlations between P concentration in plant organs and soil Olsen-P, highlighting the importance of adequate soil P levels for optimal plant growth. Overall, our results have shown that deep band fertilizer placement emerged as a superior strategy for enhancing P uptake efficiency, utilization, and maize productivity compared to broadcast and side band placement. The outcome generated from the deep band fertilization by this greenhouse study can be recommended for field practices to optimize P fertilizer use and improve maize production while minimizing potential environmental P losses associated with broadcast fertilization.

Assessment of plant mineral nutrition concentrations of tomato irrigated with brackish water and RO concentrate

Salinity-induced nutritional imbalances due to irrigation with brackish water could adversely affect crop production. This study evaluated the concentrations and distributions of 14 ions in roots, stems, leaves, and fruits of tomato irrigated with brackish water. The five saline treatments were tap-water of EC 0.6, brackish water of EC 2 and 3, and reverse osmosis (RO) concentrate of EC 4 and 6 dS/m. The higher concentrations of Na, Mg, Ca, K, and Cl in soil and irrigation water increased Na and Mg but decreased K and Ca concentrations in plant organs. The accumulations of micronutrients (Fe, Mn, Cu, B, and Al) except Zn in the whole plant decreased with increasing salinity levels. However, the amounts of Mn, Fe, B, and Al were positively correlated to yield at a significant level. The Principal Component Analysis (PCA) identified two PCs that explained more than 70% of variability for the whole plant, PC 1 included most ions of Na, K, Ca, P, N, Mn, Cu, Fe, B, and Al, while PC 2 included ions of Mg, Cl, S, and Zn. These results were in accord with the results of Pearson correlation analysis that tomato yield was significantly correlated to accumulations of Na, Ca, P, N, Mn, Fe, B, and Al in whole plants except K and Cu. To achieve an optimal comprehensive fruit nutrition, tomato can be irrigated up to an irrigation water salinity level of ≤2 dS/m.

Neem and Castor Oil–Coated Urea Mitigates Salinity Effects in Wheat by Improving Physiological Responses and Plant Homeostasis

Soil salinity is abiotic stress of growing concern, whose effects can be potentially mitigated by the use of suitable fertilisers. Based on this, an experiment was conducted to determine the role of vegetable oil–coated urea on the performance of wheat (Triticum aestivum) under salinity. Neem oil–coated urea (NOCU), castor oil–coated urea (COCU), and normal urea (NU) were compared in wheat plants growing in pots at three soil salinity levels (0, 6, and 12 dS m-1). Plant morphology, growth, element contents (Na, Cl, K, and N), and several traits were assessed at the flag leaf stage; biological yield, grain yield, and its components were assessed at maturity. Salinity stunted growth (approximately -50% yield with high salinity vs. control); boosted Na and Cl concentrations while abating K and N concentrations in plant organs; impaired leaf water status; reduced photosynthetic pigments and increased antioxidant activities and osmo-regulating compounds. NOCU and, to a lesser degree, COCU mitigated salinity effects by upgrading antioxidant activities, reducing oxidative stress markers, increasing leaf water status, photosynthetic pigments, and osmo-regulating compounds. However, NOCU under high salinity could only achieve the levels of NU under intermediate salinity. Lastly, NOCU and COCU restricted plant entry of adverse ions (Na and Cl) while increasing K and N accumulation. Vegetable oil–coated urea, namely NOCU, significantly contributed to improving wheat behaviour and final yield under salinity. These outcomes are associated with the two fertilisers’ properties of slow nitrogen release.

Change of Mg and K concentrations for 40 years in the Düzce atmosphere by Pinus pinaster annual rings

Air is one of the most essential elements that living things need to survive. Air pollution has become even more important due to reasons such as population growth and the difficulties brought by global warming and war. The factors that make up air pollution are also one of the most important factors of environmental pollution and cause serious pollution problems. While some metals in the air positively affect plant growth as nutrient elements in agricultural activities, they cause deterioration of plant development due to the accumulation of high concentrations in plant organs. This study, as an indicator of the time-dependent variation of Mg and K concentrations with atmospheric accumulation, reveals the variation and year-related amounts of Pinus pinaster species in Düzce province.

Effects of deficit irrigation on nitrogen uptake and soil mineral nitrogen in alfalfa grasslands of the inland arid area of China

Soil nitrogen (N) availability is fundamental for N uptake and biomass accumulation by plants and is affected by irrigation management. Deficit irrigation is an efficient strategy to manage soil moisture for crop production. However, responses of N uptake and soil mineral N to deficit irrigation are not yet clear in alfalfa grasslands. A 2-year trial with alfalfa was carried out using two irrigation systems, flood and subsurface drip irrigations, at three irrigation levels: full irrigation, slight water deficit irrigation (70% of full irrigation), and moderate water deficit irrigation (50% of full irrigation) for the whole growth period. The N uptake (Nuptake) and N use efficiency (NUE) of alfalfa, as well as the soil mineral N, were measured. The Nuptake by plant organs decreased with increasing deficit level of irrigation, but slight deficit irrigation barely reduced Nuptake as compared to full irrigation. Deficit irrigation led to a decrease in dry matter yield, especially in the 2nd year, but slight deficit irrigation reduced it little. In contrast, total N concentration in plant organs barely changed with the deficit level of irrigation, suggesting that biomass growth, rather than change in N concentration, may play a major role in regulating Nuptake. The NUE of alfalfa barely changed with the deficit level of irrigation, although there was a decreasing tendency in the 2nd year. There were significant correlations between Nuptake and NUE of alfalfa with soil ammonium N content, suggesting that this form of N is relatively short-lived and nitrate N may be adequate to meet the growth requirement of alfalfa. In practice, it is recommended that slight deficit irrigation should be set up during alfalfa production in the inland arid area of China.

Photosynthesis and salt cations adsorption response of spring maize ( Zea mays L.) to salinity stress caused by different drip irrigation regimes in an arid saline area, Northwest China

Photosynthesis and salt cations adsorption response of spring maize ( <i>Zea mays</i> L.) to salinity stress caused by different drip irrigation regimes in an arid saline area, Northwest China

Application of Zn-containing foliar fertilisers for recovery of the grain productivity potential of Zn-deficient maize plants

Maize is one of the most sensitive industrial crops of zinc supply. Questions about fertilisation methods and the type of fertilisers used are the subject of serious scientific discussion. The key objective of this paper was to evaluate the possibilities to recover the yielding potential of Zn-deficient young maize plants by application of nanosized Zn-containing foliar fertilisers. The agronomic response of Zn-deficient maize plants to foliar fertilisation with nanoscale zinc-containing foliar fertilisers was investigated. The study was conducted in two stages: i) planting and growing the plants under controlled conditions in a zinc-deficient environment for three months; and ii) moving the plants and continuing the experiment in field conditions. A single spray with two nanosized zinc-containing foliar fertilisers was carried out. The physiological status of the plants and the dynamic of zinc and micro- and macroelements concentration in plant organs were monitored. The influence of foliar zinc fertilisation on yield and grain structural components has been determined. Our results indicated that zinc fertilisation throughout the initial growth stages plays a decisive role in the formation of the reproductive organs of maize plants. Foliar zinc fertilisers can entirely recover the physiological performance of plants grown under conditions of zinc deficiency. Highlights - The application of foliar fertilisers is extremely suitable as the possibility of much faster zinc absorption than from the soil. - Zn-fertilisation of maize plants during the initial growth stages plays a decisive role in the formation of the reproductive organs of maize. - Foliar zinc fertilisers can entirely recover the physiological performance of plants grown under conditions of zinc deficiency.

Storage and recycling of major and trace element in mangroves.

The role of mangroves in sequestering metal and nutrients in sediment has been described in the past, but knowledge gaps still exist on storage capacity and recycling fluxes of elements in plant biomass, notably concerning their magnitude in root uptake and loss by litterfall. This study addresses the storage and transport pathways of 16 elements, classified as macro-nutrients (Ca, Mg, Na, K), micro-nutrients (Fe, Mn, Ni, Co, Cu, Cr, Zn, Mo), and potential toxicants (Al, Cd, Sn, Pb) in the world's largest mangroves, the Sundarbans. Elemental concentrations in plant organs were generally lower than in the sediment. The stock of macro and micro-nutrients in plant biomass varied from 60 to 2717 and 0.003 to 37.7Mgha-1 respectively, with highest values observed for Na and lowest for Cd. The Avicennia species exhibited the maximal accumulation of all elements. Translocation of major elements to different plant organs increased with increasing their concentrations in the sediment. Elemental loss via litterfall indicated that Sundarbans mangrove could act as a source, particularly of Mn, to the Bay of Bengal. Moreover, belowground uptake of the 16 elements showed 2-3 fold higher fluxes than their loss via litterfall. There was a significant retention of some trace elements (notably Mo, Cd, and Sn) in plant biomass, which might allow one to use these mangroves for phytoremediation and restoration purposes. We conclude that mangroves efficiently store and remobilize major and trace elements from the sediments by root uptake and recycle back to sediment surface via litterfall.

The linkages of plant, litter and soil C:N:P stoichiometry and nutrient stock in different secondary mixed forest types in the Qinling Mountains, China.

BackgroundCarbon (C), nitrogen (N) and phosphorus (P) stoichiometric ratios are important indicators of ecosystem function and productivity. However, few studies have assessed the nutrient relationship between plant, litter and soil, and the nutrient stock in different secondary mixed forest types.MethodsWe investigated the C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometric ratios in trees, understory plants, litter and soil layers in three different secondary mixed forest types (broadleaf mixed forests (BM), broadleaf-conifer mixed forests (BCM) and coniferous mixed forests (CM)) in the Qinling Mountains.ResultsThe results showed that significant differences in C:N:P stoichiometry were detected in multiple organs in the vegetation layers in the different forest types. Trees, shrubs and herbs all allocated more N and P in leaves and had a higher N:P ratio in leaves than in other organs. The C concentrations, C:N ratios and C:P ratios of all tree organs showed a decreasing order: BM < BCM < CM, while the N and P concentrations showed an increasing order: BM > BCM > CM. For litter and soil, BM had generally higher N and P concentrations than those of BCM and CM. The highest N and P stock was in tree branches-not in the stem, which had the highest biomass (except for P in CM). Compared with other forest types, CM stored more nutrients in the labile litter layer, while BM stored more nutrients in the stable soil layer. The net ecosystem nutrient element stock in BM was generally higher than that in BCM and CM. The C, N and P concentrations and stoichiometry in the plant organs, litter and soil were significantly correlated.ConclusionOur findings demonstrate that nutrient concentrations in plant organs, litter and soil are tightly linked in secondary mixed forests.

High leaf fluctuating asymmetry in two native plants growing in heavy metal-contaminated soil: the case of Metlaoui phosphate mining basin (Gafsa, Tunisia).

In order to estimate pollution impact in soil and plants by phosphates mining activities, three mining sites and one control site were selected around Metlaoui (phosphates basin of Gafsa, southern Tunisia) in March 2019. Heavy metal concentrations in soil and in two native plants (Moricandia arvensis and Diplotaxis harra: Brassicaceae) were measured using atomic absorption spectrometry. Development instability was estimated using leaf fluctuating asymmetry of the two plant species. The results showed that the soils of the Metlaoui sites contain higher levels of Cd, Ni, Zn, and Cr compared with control site (maximum of 33.225 ± 2.588; 100.86 ± 0.314; 180.267 ± 16.103; and 16.554 ± 0.313ppm, respectively). These levels are higher than the maximal contents tolerated in soils. Heavy metals also occurred at high concentrations in plant organs in Metlaoui sites especially in leaves. Cadmium and Zn concentrations in these plants exceed the phytotoxic level (with maximum of 20.498 ± 0.627ppm and maximum of 337.901 ± 16.686ppm, respectively). Statistical analysis showed that fluctuating asymmetries (FA) of leaves of the two sampled plants are higher in mining sites compared with control. Pearson correlation and PCA analysis showed that FA is related to Cd, Ni, and Zn concentrations in soil. The results indicate that phosphate extraction and laundries in the mining sites caused heavy metal pollution in soil that accumulates in plant organs and caused also development instability. Our study showed that Moricandia arvensis may have the potential for phytoremediation.

Maize plants have different strategies to protect their developing seeds against cadmium toxicity

This work aimed to quantify the concentration of soluble amino acids, nitrogen (N) and Cd in the developing seeds of maize plants that were grown in Cd-contaminated soil from seed sowing to the reproductive stages. The specific activities and feedback inhibition properties of lysine (Lys) metabolic enzymes were also determined in developing seeds. The potential maize yield was depressed by Cd exposure. Cadmium concentration in plant organs followed the decreasing order: roots > stems = leaves > developing seeds (37.04, 1.95, 1.46 and 0.22 mg kg−1 Cd, respectively). The relatively low Cd concentration in the remained developing seeds was a result from root- and ear-mediated reductions of the Cd translocation in plants. Plants under Cd exposure presented developing seeds with an increased N concentration (up to 7%) when compared to control plants. Furthermore, the level of soluble amino acids (particularly histidine, glycine, tyrosine, methionine, isoleucine and valine) was increased in the developing seeds of Cd-treated plants. In addition, changes in the feedback properties of dihydrodipicolinate synthase (DHDPS), an enzyme from lysine metabolism, were observed in developing seeds. In conclusion, the current study showed that maternal plant exposure to Cd can alter the concentration of soluble amino acids and the behavior of Lys metabolic enzymes in developing seeds. This study provided not only new information about the influence of the long-term Cd exposure on plants, but also data about protective plant strategies against Cd toxicity.

Cadmium accumulation, translocation, and assessment of eighteen Linum usitatissimum L. cultivars growing in heavy metal contaminated soil

Flax (Linum usitatissimum L.) is suitable for growing in heavy metal polluted soil for non-food purposes and can be used as potential crops for cleaning the soil from heavy metals. The main objective of this study was to investigate flax/linseed phytoextraction of cadmium (Cd), including uptake, translocation, and accumulation differences in organs among flax/linseed cultivars. A field experiment was carried out in Cd contaminated field of Chinese southern area with nine flax, one dual-purpose, and eight linseed cultivars. Cd concentrations in plant organs (root, xylem, phloem, and capsule) and biomass of different organs of each cultivar were measured and evaluated. Significant differences in Cd concentration and accumulation among organs were observed. The most Cd was accumulated by phloem, which was 2 ∼ 4 times more than other organs, followed by roots, xylems and capsules played a comparably smaller role. The uptake of Cd by flax/linseed from per hectare was calculated and had highly significant positive correlation with biomass. Phloem accumulated 45 ∼ 55% of total Cd from the soil by the plant. Among testing 18 flax/linseed cultivars, one flax cultivar (Zhongya 1), and two linseed cultivars (Y2I329 and Y2I330), which extracted more than 60 g ha−1, can be considered as Cd accumulators for phytoremediation of Cd contaminated soil.

Copper and zinc distribution and toxicity in ‘Jade’ / ‘Genovesa’ young peach tree

The frequent application of fungicides containing copper (Cu) and zinc (Zn) in orchards can lead to accumulation of these metals in soil at toxic levels. The aim of this study was to evaluate Cu and Zn distribution and toxicity in young peach trees grown in Cu and Zn supplemented soil. For this purpose, a pot experiment was carried out in a greenhouse using a Typic Hapludalf soil under natural conditions. The two-factor experiment investigated the combination of Cu (0, 30 and 60 mg kg−1) and Zn (0, 15, 30, 60, 120, and 180 mg kg−1) rates in four replicates per treatment. ‛Jade’ young peach trees [Prunus persica (L.) Batsch] grafted on ‛Genovesa’ (P. salicina) propagated by herbaceous cuttings were then cultivated for 78 days with one plant per pot. Height increase, dry matter production, Cu and Zn concentration in plant organs, photosynthetic pigments and antioxidant activity were evaluated. Soil available Cu and Zn content increased with the rate. Consequently, plants presented Zn, and mainly Cu, accumulation mechanisms in root system, reduced transport of both elements to leaves, where toxic effects of heavy metals was observed. However, combining high content of soil available Cu and Zn, especially at higher doses, resulted in decreased production of dry matter production. Biochemical parameters were also affected. The SOD activity was smaller in peach leaves grown in the soil supplemented with Cu, while the chlorophyll a and b content decreased according to the increase of Zn rate, compromising the antioxidant response and the photosynthetic activity. Thus, increasing soil available Cu and Zn contents in sandy soil with low organic matter soils may maximize toxic effects to young peach trees.

Arsenic species uptake and translocation in Elodea canadensis

The capacity of Elodea canadensis to phytofiltrate arsenic species from water was evaluated. Plants were adapted to tap water and supplemented with 15 and 250 µg L−1 of As. Inorganic arsenic species (As III, As V), and organic arsenic compounds: monomethylarsonate (MMA) and dimethylarsinate (DMA) were analyzed. Sampling was carried out at different times after exposure in culture water and plant organs. Plants exposed to 15 µg L−1 of As concentration showed no significant difference on As concentration (95% confidence level) in their organs compared to controls. When plants were exposed to 250 µg L−1 of As concentration, a significant increase of As concentration in plant organs was observed. After 1 h exposure, plants reduce 63.16% the As concentration in the culture water, with a bioaccumulation factor (BF) of 4.3. Under these conditions, E. canadensis accumulate As V in roots and do not translocate it to stems (transfer factor <1). MMA was determined in stems and leaves. E. canadensis effectively phytofiltrate As from tap water of a city located in an arsenic endemic area from concentrations of 36 µg L−1 to undetectable levels (10 ng L−1).

Trait correlation network analysis identifies biomass allocation traits and stem specific length as hub traits in herbaceous perennial plants

Abstract Correlations among plant traits often reflect important trade‐offs or allometric relationships in biological functions like carbon gain, support, water uptake, and reproduction that are associated with different plant organs. Whether trait correlations can be aggregated to “spectra” or “leading dimensions,” whether these dimensions are consistent across plant organs, spatial scale, and growth forms are still open questions. To illustrate the current state of knowledge, we constructed a network of published trait correlations associated with the “leaf economics spectrum,” “biomass allocation dimension,” “seed dimension,” and carbon and nitrogen concentrations. This literature‐based network was compared to a network based on a dataset of 23 traits from 2,530 individuals of 126 plant species from 381 plots in Northwest Europe. The observed network comprised more significant correlations than the literature‐based network. Network centrality measures showed that size traits such as the mass of leaf, stem, below‐ground, and reproductive tissues and plant height were the most central traits in the network, confirming the importance of allometric relationships in herbaceous plants. Stem mass and stem‐specific length were “hub” traits correlated with most traits. Environmental selection of hub traits may affect the whole phenotype. In contrast to the literature‐based network, SLA and leaf N were of minor importance. Based on cluster analysis and subsequent PCAs of the resulting trait clusters, we found a “size” module, a “seed” module, two modules representing C and N concentrations in plant organs, and a “partitioning” module representing organ mass fractions. A module representing the plant economics spectrum did not emerge. Synthesis. Although we found support for several trait dimensions, the observed trait network deviated significantly from current knowledge, suggesting that previous studies have overlooked trait coordination at the whole‐plant level. Furthermore, network analysis suggests that stem traits have a stronger regulatory role in herbaceous plants than leaf traits.

Interacción nitrato/potasio en la solución nutritiva y el rendimiento de papa en hidroponía

Las interacciones de los nutrimentos en las plantas pueden ser cuantificadas mediante las concentraciones nutrimentales en los órganos vegetales, sin embargo, hay pocos estudios que evalúen la interacción de más de un nutrimento en el mismo experimento, y escasos reportes de la interacción N/K en la solución nutritiva en el rendimiento y la composición mineral de papa (Solanum tuberosum L.). El objetivo de esta investigación fue evaluar en invernadero e hidroponía la interacción de tres relaciones porcentuales NO3-/aniones (40/100, 60/100 y 80/100) y tres de K+/cationes (15/100, 35/100 y 55/100) sobre la composición mineral de hojas, tallos, tubérculos y el rendimiento de papa cv Agatha. El diseño experimental utilizado fue completamente al azar con arreglo factorial de tratamientos 32. La interacción NO3-/aniones x K+/cationes fue significativa para las concentraciones de P, K, Ca y Mg en hojas; K, Ca y Mg en tallos; y Ca y Mg en tubérculos. Las relaciones NO3-/aniones y K+/cationes, y la interacción NO3-/aniones x K+/cationes no afectaron estadísticamente el diámetro de tubérculo, la materia seca del tubérculo, el número de tubérculos y el rendimiento. Estos resultados indican que la producción de papa en un sistema hidropónico cerrado y sustrato de fibra de coco las relaciones NO3-/aniones y K+/cationes no deben ser mayores a 60/100 y 15/100, respectivamente, ya que relaciones altas de NO3-/aniones (80/100) y K+/cationes (55/100) reducen el rendimiento de tubérculos 16.7% y 12.8%, cada una

Phosphorus concentration coordinates a respiratory bypass, synthesis and exudation of citrate, and the expression of high-affinity phosphorus transporters in Solanum lycopersicum.

Plants exhibit respiratory bypasses (e.g., the alternative oxidase [AOX]) and increase the synthesis of carboxylates in their organs (leaves and roots) in response to phosphorus (P) deficiency, which increases P uptake capacity. They also show differential expression of high-affinity inorganic phosphorus (Pi) transporters, thus avoiding P toxicity at a high P availability. The association between AOX and carboxylate synthesis was tested in Solanum lycopersicum plants grown at different soil P availability, by using plants grown under P-sufficient and P-limiting conditions and by applying a short-term (24hr) P-sufficient pulse to plants grown under P limitation. Tests were also performed with plants colonized with arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi, which increased plant P concentration under reduced P availability. The in vivo activities of AOX and cytochrome oxidase were measured together with the concentration of carboxylates and the P concentration in plant organs. Gene transcription of Pi transporters (LePT1 and LePT2) was also studied. A coordinated response between plant P concentration with these traits was observed, indicating that a sufficient P availability in soil led to a suppression of both AOX activity and synthesis of citrate and a downregulation of the transcription of genes encoding high-affinity Pi transporters, presumably to avoid P toxicity.

Partitioning of nutrients and non-essential elements in Swiss chards cultivated in open-air plots

The uptake of metals by plants and their partitioning between different organs is an important issue in fields like plant ecology, phytochemistry, phytoremediation and, in the case of plants with edible parts, food quality. In this work a five-month field experiment was carried out to investigate the uptake and partitioning of 20 elements (Mg, K, Ca, Na, Mn, Fe, Co, Cu, Zn, Mo, Sr, Ba, Al, Ti, V, Cr, As, Cd, Tl and Pb) by Swiss chards (Beta vulgaris). The effect of the harvesting time on the accumulation of these elements in roots, stalks and leaf blades was studied using plants cultivated in two different but adjacent air-open plots subjected to conventional or organic farming techniques. Plants were collected at six growth stages during their production cycle and samples were analysed by ICP-MS after microwave assisted acid digestion. Toxic elements (except Cd) were mainly immobilised in roots, whereas essential elements were translocated to aboveground organs. In general, the element concentrations in plant organs decreased with time. The use of organic fertilisers promoted the presence of nutrients in blades and stalks. Pb and Cd concentrations in the edible parts were always below the maximum levels set by the European Union.

桃江县毛竹林生态系统碳储量及其空间分布

PDF HTML阅读 XML下载 导出引用 引用提醒 桃江县毛竹林生态系统碳储量及其空间分布 DOI: 10.5846/stxb201509301992 作者: 作者单位: 中南林业科技大学,中南林业科技大学,中南林业科技大学,中南林业科技大学,中南林业科技大学 作者简介: 通讯作者: 中图分类号: 基金项目: 国家林业公益性行业科研专项（201104009）；湖南省高校创新平台建设项目（湘财教字[2010]70号）；长沙市科技局能源研发平台建设项目（K1003009-61） Distribution of biomass and carbon storage in different aged stands of Moso Bamboo plantations in Taojiang, Hunan Author: Affiliation: Central South University of Forestry ＆ Technology,Central South University of Forestry ＆ Technology,,, Fund Project: 摘要 | 图/表 | 访问统计 | 参考文献 | 相似文献 | 引证文献 | 资源附件 | 文章评论 摘要:采用标准地调查和生物量实测方法，研究了湖南省桃江县毛竹林生态系统生物量、碳含量、碳储量及空间分布格局。结果表明，不同年龄毛竹林生态系统总生物量分别为：28.147、30.889 t/hm2和57.763 t/hm2，其中竹林层生物量为20.254、25.036、55.685 t/hm2，各器官生物量均以竹竿最高，占器官生物量的63.0%以上。不同年龄毛竹各器官碳平均含量为0.466-0.483 gC/g；灌木层碳含量为0.474-0.489 gC/g；草本层为0.472-0.490 gC/g；死地被物层为0.213-0.276 gC/g；土壤层有机碳含量为14.790-34.503 gC/g。各年龄毛竹林生态系统总碳储量分别为131.273、139.089 t/hm2和167.817 t/hm2，其中植被层碳储量为13.627-28.419 t/hm2，占系统总碳储量的9.935%-16.935%；死地被物为0.307-0.420 t/hm2，占0.234%-0.265%；土壤层为117.339-138.978 t/hm2，占82.815%-89.799%。毛竹林生态系统碳储量分布格局为：土壤层 > 植被层 > 死地被物层。研究结果可为深入研究毛竹林的碳平衡提供基础数据。 Abstract:In this study, the biomass and carbon concentrations were measured and the carbon storages were estimated in various plant organs and components of different aged stands of Moso bamboo plantations in Taojiang county, Hunan province. The objective of the research project was to quantify the special distribution of biomass and carbon storage in bamboo forest ecosystems in order to better understanding of the dynamic property of biomass production and carbon cycle in the plantation ecosystems. The results showed that (1) the standing biomass increased with aged plantations. The standing biomass was 28.15, 30.89, and 57.76 t/hm2 in three studied aged stands, respectively, of which the stem organ accounted for the highest proportion of the total standing biomass for all aged stands, with an average value of 63%; (2) the carbon storage increased with aged stands, ranging from 131.27 t/hm2 to 167.82 t/hm2 in the three different aged Moso bamboo plantations. The carbon concentrations in plant organs varied with tree aging and ranged from 0.466 gC/g to 0.483 gC/g. The range of carbon concentrations was 0.474-0.489 gC/g in the shrub layer, 0.472-0.490 gC/g in the herbaceous layer, 0.213-0.276 gC/g in the litter layer, and 14.790-34.503 gC/g in soils; (3) the total carbon storage was 131.27, 139.09, and 167.82 t/hm2 in the three different aged Moso bamboo plantation ecosystems, respectively, of which 13.63-28.42 t/hm2 was found in the vegetation layer and 0.307-0.420 t/hm2 in the litter layer, respectively, which accounted for 9.94%-16.94% and 0.23%-0.27% of the total carbon storage in the plantation ecosystems. Carbon storage in soils ranged from 117.34 t/hm2 to 138.98 t/hm2, which accounted for 82.82%-89.80% of the total carbon in the ecosystems. The carbon storage in different components declined in an order soil layer > vegetation layer > litter layer in all studied Moso bamboo plantation ecosystems. Our results provide scientific references for further studying of carbon cycle and sequestration in bamboo forests. 参考文献 相似文献 引证文献

Physiological, biochemical and mineral dimensions of green beangenotypes depending on Zn priming and salinity

The effects of salinity and zinc (Zn) priming on the physical and mineral composition of green bean genotypes were investigated on two green bean genotypes (‘ªeker Fasulye’ and ‘Local Genotype’) by soaking seeds in 0.05% Zn (ZnSO4.7H2O) solution and by exposing to salt stress by applying 50, 100 and 150 mM NaCl after first true leaf emergence. Plants not exposed to salt stress were treated as control. The effects of Zn priming on the salt tolerance of genotypes, fresh and dry weight of plant leaf relative water content (RWC), loss of turgidity (LOT), Na, K, Ca and Zn concentrations in the leaves, stem and root portions of plants were evaluated. The NaCl concentrations led to significant variations in the examined parameters. The highest concentration of salt (150 mM) caused fading in leaves and led to inhibition of growth and development. Salt application generally reduced the fresh and dry weights of plants of both genotypes where Zn priming showed an amendatory effect. Leaf RWC decreased with salt applications while LOT increased but Zn priming had no amendatory effect on these parameters. ‘ªeker Fasulye’ genotype was found to be relatively more salt tolerant than ‘Local Genotype’ on the basis of the investigated parameters. Zinc priming decreased the Na and Ca concentrations in plant organs; however, a decrease in K concentration was observed due to increase in NaCl.