Concentration Profiles Research Articles

PCA-based synthetic sensitivity coefficients for chemical reaction network in cancer

Chemical reaction networks are powerful tools for modeling cell signaling and its disruptions in diseases like cancer. Realistic chemical reaction networks involve hundreds of proteins and reactions, resulting in a model depending on a consistently large number of kinetic parameters. Since finely calibrating all the parameters would require an unrealistic amount of data, proper sensitivity analysis is required to identify a subset of parameters for which fine tuning is needed and thus provide a fundamental tool for the qualitative analysis of the network. We present a multidisciplinary approach for computing a set of synthetic sensitivity indices. These indices rank the kinetic parameters, based on the impact that errors in their values would have on the protein concentration profile at equilibrium. Our tests on a chemical reaction network devised for colorectal cells demonstrate the effectiveness of the considered sensitivity indices in different scenarios including in-silico drug dosage and novel therapeutic target discovery. The Matlab code for computing the synthetic sensitivity indices and the data concerning the network for colorectal cells are available at https://github.com/theMIDAgroup/CRN_sensitivity.

Novel heat exploration investigation for bioconvected Oldroyd-B nanofluid with variable thermal conductivity and Arrhenius energy induced by nailed boundary

Oldroyd-B nanofluids have potential applications in enhanced heat transfer systems, drug delivery, and advanced material processing due to their unique rheological properties. Bioconvection finds applications in biomedical research, environmental monitoring, and optimizing fluid dynamics in biotechnological and pharmaceutical processes. Due to these applications current study investigates bioconvection in the flow of Oldroyd-B nanofluid subjected to Joule heating with convected boundaries. For uniqueness of problem the effects of variable thermal connectivity and activation energy are taken into account. In addation the influence of heat source and thermal radiation are part of current model. The governing PDEs of mathematical model incorporates the Oldroyd-B rheological framework to capture the viscoelastic nature of the fluid are transformed into ODEs via similarity solution. Matlab platform via shooting algorithm is involved to solve transformed system. Through numerical simulations the stimulus of involving parameters on velocity f ′(η) temperature θ(η), concentration ϕ(η), and microbes profile X(η) are displayed in graphical and tabulated form. For strength of problem the streamlines and graphs of physical quantities are also designed. It is noted that velocity curve decreased for increasing value of magnetics parameter and opposite trend is noted in velocity distribution for increasing value of mixed convection parameter λ . Moreover, thermal layer θ is diminished for growing value of Pr , a reverse relation is noted in concentration profile for value of activation energy.

An investigation of heat transfer and optimization of entropy in bio-convective flow of Eyring-Powell nanomaterial with gyrotactic microorganisms

Entropy generation in nanofluid flows is a critical parameter that influences the performance, efficiency, and sustainability of thermal systems. Understanding and optimizing entropy creation can lead to noteworthy advancements in numerous engineering applications, from renewable energy systems to industrial processes and biomedical equipments. The purpose of this article is to examine the entropy produced in the bioconvection flow of Eyring-Powell nanomaterial with gyrotactic microorganisms. The mathematical equations representing the flow are modeled considering the flow towards a porous surface of a cylinder. Together with the effects of the governing parameters, the mass and heat transfer components of the problem are discussed. The thermal effects of different natures are used in a new way. Overall, entropy creation is designed with regard to the second law of thermodynamics. Activation energy, chemical reaction, thermal radiation, and internal friction force effects are accounted for the development of the mathematical model. Coupled non-linear dimensional equations have been altered into ordinary differential equations (ODEs) and then treated using the MATLAB Finite Difference Method (FDM). Consequence of diverse sundry parameters on entropy production, thermal field, mass concentration profile, Bejan quantity, and motile density of microorganisms is deliberated via plots. Through tables, engineering quantities are analyzed. According to the findings, the velocity profile rises as the curvature and Eyring-Powell fluid parameters rise, while it falls when the magnetic parameter is enhanced. Additionally, it is noted that as the curvature variable enhances, the rate of heat transfer and skin friction coefficient decays.

New experimental method for the simultaneous determination of concentration and size profiles of condensed combustion products around a burning aluminum droplet

When an aluminum particle burns in the diffusive regime, a cloud of nanometric particles of its primary oxide, alumina, is formed around the droplet. Characterizing this oxide smoke surrounding a burning aluminum droplet is essential. The original contribution of this paper is to introduce an experimental approach that allows for simultaneous size and concentration measurement of the particles composing the oxide smoke. This paper employs an electrodynamic levitator to facilitate the self-sustained combustion of an isolated aluminum particle, with a radius of 35μm, in atmospheric air. This levitation apparatus is paired with an optical setup that allows for a multi-spectral light extinction method. This technique is specifically designed to measure the size and concentration of alumina particles below the micrometric scale, which is scarcely documented in existing literature. Consequently, spatially resolved concentration and size profiles of the nanometric alumina particles are measured and compared to simulated data from the literature. The radii of alumina particles in the cloud are found to evolve closely around 80 nm. Volume fractions are evaluated from 2.8⋅10−4 near the particle surface to 3⋅10−5 further in the cloud. Therefore, significant concentrations of alumina particles are revealed during the short (15 to 20 ms) combustion process at distances of the order of magnitude of a few initial particle diameters. Such characterization could then lead to a better assessment of the interaction distance among aluminum particles as they burn collectively.Novelty and significance statementThis article introduces the first experimentally determined profiles of alumina concentration and size distribution surrounding a single burning aluminum droplet. The uniqueness of our experimental setup lies in its ability to study of the most fundamental case of the autonomous combustion of a single levitating particle, without any convective effects. A new non-intrusive method specifically designed provides unprecedented results in the field of metallic particle combustion. Data provided in the paper are crucial as they serve as the first reference case for future simulation and experiments. The results introduced in this paper highlight the inability of current simulation methods to accurately account for nucleation and condensation processes, and emphasize the need for a non-invasive characterization method.

Contribution of hall and ion slip effects with generalized mass and heat fluxes with entropy analysis on three-dimensional Prandtl model

A major challenging proffered study rely on the inquisitive optimization of entropy together with thermal as well as mass transportation towards the chemically reactive 3-D Prandtl liquid under consideration of applied magnetic field, variable thermal conductivity and also diffusivity, hall current together with ion slip features, viscous dissipation and heat generation. Moreover, in present research study, model such as Cattaneo Christov heat flux was implemented in order to explore the thermal relaxation characteristics. By employing correspondence transformations, the system of modeled equations modified into non-linear ODEs system. The Optimal Homotopy Analysis methodology (OHAM) was adopted to solve the proffered problem. The influential arising constraints demeanor within both velocities (horizontal as well as vertical), temperature and concentration profiles were discussed and also shown graphically. Moreover, outcomes of diverse parameters were also examined and presented graphically within the entropy formation rate and also Bejan number. The effects of implanted factors across the drag force, the rate of thermal as well as mass transportation are accessible in current study via tables and validate the obtained results. Both velocity profiles (horizontal as well as vertical) decreased for increment in Hartman number whilst opposite demeanor seen for other considered constraints. Temperature profile drops for Prandtl number and elastic constraints whereas enhanced for other influential considered parameters whilst concentration profile augmented with Prandtl number. Present problem novelty relies on the modeling of comprehensive system of equations which modified into nonlinear ODEs. In order to obtain the solution numerically, technique such as Optimal Homotopy was opted.

Mixed Convection Over an Exponentially Stretching Surface with the Effect of Radiation and Reaction

This study investigates the mixed convection on a vertically oriented exponentially stretching surface, considering the exponential distributions of velocity, concentration and temperature. The governing highly nonlinear partial differential equations (PDEs) are transmuted into highly nonlinear ordinary differential equations (ODEs) by considering appropriate similarity variables. The highly nonlinear differential equations are solved numerically using the Hermite wavelet method (HWM) in MATHEMATICA 12. The obtained results show excellent agreement with previous studies focusing on different special cases of the problem. A parametric analysis of the physical parameters is shown and illustrative numerical results are presented graphically. The analysis incorporates the radiation, chemical reaction and cross-diffusion effects. The interaction between radiation and chemical reaction is particularly relevant in high-temperature systems, such as combustion, industrial furnaces, photochemistry, polymerization and certain chemical reactions. The results indicate that an increase in radiation enhances the temperature profile in the momentum boundary layer. Higher reaction rate values lead to a decrease in the concentration profile, while an increase in the Dufour value results in increased velocity and temperature and decreased concentration.

The Galaxy–Galaxy Strong Lensing Cross Section and the Internal Distribution of Matter in ΛCDM Substructure

Strong gravitational lensing offers a powerful probe of the detailed distribution of matter in lenses, while magnifying and bringing faint background sources into view. Observed strong lensing by massive galaxy clusters, which are often in complex dynamical states, has also been used to map their dark matter (DM) substructures on smaller scales. Deep high-resolution imaging has revealed the presence of strong lensing events associated with these substructures, namely galaxy-scale sub-halos. However, an inventory of these observed galaxy–galaxy strong lensing (GGSL) events is noted to be discrepant with state-of-the-art ΛCDM simulations. Cluster sub-halos appear to be over-concentrated compared to their simulated counterparts yielding an order-of-magnitude higher value of GGSL. In this paper, we explore the possibility of resolving this observed discrepancy by redistributing the mass within observed cluster sub-halos in ways that are consistent within the ΛCDM paradigm of structure formation. Lensing mass reconstructions from data provide constraints on the mass enclosed within apertures and are agnostic to the detailed mass profile within them. Therefore, as the detailed density profile within cluster sub-halos currently remains unconstrained by data, we are afforded the freedom to redistribute the enclosed mass. We investigate if rearranging the mass to a more centrally concentrated density profile helps alleviate the GGSL discrepancy. We report that refitting cluster sub-halos to the ubiquitous ΛCDM-motivated Navarro–Frenk–White profile, and further modifying them to include significant baryonic components, does not resolve this tension. A resolution to this persisting GGSL discrepancy may require more careful exploration of alternative DM models.

Conservative transport model for surfactant on the interface based on the phase-field method

We propose a new surfactant transport model on the interface based on the phase-field method. The new model has two features: (a) preventing surfactants on the interface from leaking out of the interface due to numerical diffusion even when the diffusion coefficient is extremely low, and (b) satisfying the conservation of surfactant mass. The concentration profile on the interface is matched to the surface delta function to prevent numerical diffusion, and the finite volume method is applied to the resulting model to satisfy the conservation of surfactant mass. The proposed model is incorporated in a weakly compressible scheme and applied in several numerical tests related to incompressible two-phase flows with surfactants. Numerical results show that the proposed model can be applied to various incompressible two-phase flow simulations with surfactant.

A coupled metabolic flux/compartmental hydrodynamic model for large-scale aerated bioreactors

Spatial variation of microorganism populations in stirred-tank bioreactors, caused by the interactions of complex multiphase flows and microorganism metabolism, results in undesirable performance characteristics and significant challenges in scale-up activities. In this work, a novel modelling approach is developed to investigate these coupled processes in bioreactors, which involves the integration of a computational fluid dynamics-informed compartmental hydrodynamic and a dynamic flux balance (DFB) model. This coupling poses significant computational challenges especially when dealing with transient scenarios. To tackle these challenges we developed a fast point-location algorithm to solve the DFB model at different bioreactor locations. To validate the presented modelling approach, a binary search tree-based metabolic model for E. coli was developed and integrated with a flow-informed compartmental model of a large-scale four-impeller aerated bioreactor in fed-batch operation. The model results exhibit favorable agreement with the concentration profiles reported in literature for both lab-scale and industrial scale bioreactors. Furthermore, the ability of the approach to deal with transient scenarios permitted to study the effect of oxygen closed loop control responses and the occurrence of oscillatory behaviour which were crucial to explain part of the data.

Insight into the thermal transport by considering the modified Buongiorno model during the silicon oil-based hybrid nanofluid flow: probed by artificial intelligence

This work aims to analyze the impacts of the magnetic field, activation of energy, thermal radiation, thermophoresis, and Brownian effects on the hybrid nanofluid (HNF) (Ag++silicon oil) flow past a porous spinning disk. The pressure loss due to porosity is constituted by the Darcy–Forchheimer relation. The modified Buongiorno model is considered for simulating the flow field into a mathematical form. The modeled problem is further simplified with the new group of dimensionless variables and further transformed into a first-order system of equations. The reduced system is further analyzed with the Levenberg–Marquardt algorithm using a trained artificial neural network (ANN) with a tolerance, step size of 0.001, and 1,000 epochs. The state variables under the impacts of the pertinent parameters are assessed with graphs and tables. It has been observed that when the magnetic parameter increases, the velocity gradient of mono and hybrid nanofluids (NFs) decreases. As the input of the Darcy–Forchheimer parameter increases, the velocity profiles decrease. The result shows that as the thermophoresis parameter increases, temperature and concentration increase as well. When the activation energy parameter increases, the concentration profile becomes higher. For a deep insight into the analysis of the problem, a statistical approach for data fitting in the form of regression lines and error histograms for NF and HNF is presented. The regression lines show that 100% of the data is used in curve fitting, while the error histograms depict the minimal zero error −7.1e6 for the increasing values of Nt. Furthermore, the mean square error and performance validation for each varying parameter are presented. For validation, the present results are compared with the available literature in the form of a table, where the current results show great agreement with the existing one.

Analysis of Darcy–Forchheimer flow of magnetized hybrid nanofluid (MoS 2+ZnO/E) with non-linear heat source and quartic autocatalytic chemical reaction

In this article, an effort is made to analyze the 3 − D flow of hybrid nanofluid over a rotating stretching sheet. The hybrid nanofluid contains engine oil as a base fluid amalgamated with nano-particles Mo S 2 and ZnO . The flow is assumed to pass through a Darcy–Forchheimer medium subjected to the influence of an inclined magnetic field. In addition, heat radiation, Joule heating, viscous dissipation, nonlinear heat source, and quartic autocatalytic chemical reaction are applied to discourse heat and mass transfer features. The PDEs representing the physical problem are converted to ODEs with the introduction of similarity transformations. The solution of the problem is determined numerically by using MATLAB built-in bvp4c method. The proposed mathematical model’s validation is ascertained by comparing it with an earlier study in limiting case. In this regard, an excellent consensus is accomplished. The current investigation reveals that the flow along axial direction gets retarded by enhancing the values of rotational parameter, inertial parameter, and magnetic parameter, whereas the flow along radial direction gets accelerated. The increasing value of angle of inclination admirably resists the motion of nanofluid and hybrid nanofluid. The concentration profile gets decreased under the increasing influence of inclination angle and Schmidt number while it enhances for homogeneous reaction parameter. The enhancing values of rotational parameter, solid volume fraction and temperature, and exponential dependent heat generation parameters enhance the value of Nusselt number.

Carbon dioxide capture by aqueous glucosamine solutions: Pilot plant measurements and a theoretical study

AbstractA comprehensive investigation of the potential of aqueous glucosamine solutions as an eco‐friendly solvent for CO2 capture was performed. It includes an experimental study in a pilot plant setup and a theoretical analysis with a rate‐based model. The model was validated against the measured column profiles of temperature and CO2 concentration in both liquid and gas phases. Model‐based parameter sensitivity studies revealed inherent challenges for an effective absorption process. A slow reaction rate and suboptimal chemical equilibrium conditions were identified as key limitations, restricting the absorption efficiency and CO2 loading capacity of the glucosamine solution. Furthermore, an analysis of the dissociation constant of this novel absorbent was performed and its significance with respect to the (limited) performance, capability, and efficiency evaluation was highlighted.

Bio-Convective Flow of Micropolar Nanofluids over an Inclined Permeable Stretching Surface with Radiative Activation Energy

The focal concern of this study is to examine the behaviour of bio-convective flow featuring micropolar nanofluids over an inclined permeable stretching surface while considering the influence of radiative activation energy. This investigation addresses the complex interplay of factors such as biological activity, convective heat and mass transfer, unique attributes of micropolar fluids, the dynamics of nanofluids, and radiative effects. This analysis employed Buongiorno’s model, considering thermal radiation and activation energy on the bioconvective flow of micropolar nanofluids over an inclined stretching surface. Some suitable similarity variables were used to obtain a set of non-linear differential equations from the initial partial differential equations which were then solved numerically using the Runge-Kutta Fehberg method along with shooting technique. The effects of some physical parameters were examined on the velocity, temperature, concentration, and microorganism density profiles of the flow. The result revealed that each increase in the heat source/sink, thermal radiation, thermophoresis, and Brownian motion lead to a corresponding increase in the thermal boundary layer; activation energy increased the concentration while Peclet number and bioconvective Lewis number declined the microorganism density profile. Insights gleaned from this study can find applications in biomedical fields. Understanding the behavior of bio-convective nanofluids has implications for controlled heat transfer in medical applications like hyperthermia treatments or targeted drug delivery, thereby impacting patient care.

Two-dimensional model in a laminar flow slit photoreactor for the determination of surface kinetic constants considering the presence of diffusion limitations

Narrow slit reactors are widely used in laboratory testing of photocatalytic materials, as well as for the determination of kinetic coefficients in surface photocatalyzed reactions. In this work, the behavior of a continuous laminar flow slit reactor was described by a two-dimensional model, addressing the advection–diffusion problem in the fluid phase, coupled with a first-order chemical reaction on the reactor walls. The concentration profile of the reactant, in the transverse and longitudinal directions of the reactor, depends on two parameters that characterize the system; the Péclet number and the Damköhler number, in addition to the geometry of the reactor. Once a short distance from the reactor’s entrance has been surpassed, the relationship between the transversally averaged reactant concentration and the concentration existing on the catalytic surface becomes essentially constant, thus defining an (external) effectiveness factor. The simulations carried out for a wide range of values of the parameters characterizing the model showed that the effectiveness factor only depends on the Damköhler number, being independent of the value of the Péclet number and of the relationship between the reactor length and the distance separating the plates. An analytical expression for the effectiveness factor as a function of the Damköhler number was proposed, which allows to determine the value of the kinetic coefficient for the surface reaction (ks), even in the presence of important limitations to mass transfer. The methodology proposed was illustrated performing experiments of photocatalytic oxidation of toluene in air (with Péclet numbers ranging from 20 to 40), employing a paint formulated with carbon-doped TiO2 in a continuous laboratory photoreactor of flat parallel plates. The observed toluene conversions were in the range of 13 to 26 %, consequently, the calculated Damköhler number was Da = 0.0307 and the surface kinetic coefficient thus determined (for 50 % of relative humidity and 42.3 W/m2 of irradiance flux) was ks = 1.262 10-4 m/s. The significance of this work lies in the development of a comprehensive model that can be used to know the surface kinetics in photocatalytic reactions, applicable to scenarios where there are considerable mass transfer limitations or not.

Investigation of thermal radiation and joule heating effects on variable viscosity Casson nanofluid flow over a stretching sheet in Darcy–Forchheimer porous medium

Nanofluids possess unique thermal and rheological properties that offer significant advantages in enhancing heat transfer efficiency in various applications, such as heat exchangers, cooling systems, and microdevices. In this study, we investigate the combined effects of thermal radiation, Joule heating, variable viscosity, and a two-phase model on the flow behavior and heat transfer characteristics of a magnetohydrodynamic Casson nanofluid flowing over a stretching sheet in Darcy-Forchheimer porous media. The governing partial differential equations are converted into a system of first-order ordinary differential equations numerically solved using the bvp5c package in MATLAB. Consequently, the result indicates that the velocity profile increases with thermal radiation, variable viscosity, and viscous dissipation, decreasing with the magnetic field, permeability index, and Forchheimer coefficient. Also, the temperature profile shows an increase with the permeability index, viscous dissipation, and thermal radiation, but a decrease with the Forchheimer Coefficient, variable viscosity, and magnetic field. Additionally, the concentration profile exhibits an increase with the Forchheimer coefficient and permeability index, and variable viscosity while it decreases with viscous dissipation, magnetic field, and thermal radiation. Analyzing the skin friction coefficient reveals an increase with magnetic field and thermal radiation and a decrease with permeability index and Forchheimer coefficient as well as variable viscosity. Moreover, the local heat transfer rate demonstrates an increase with the variable viscosity, and magnetic field as well as the Forchheimer coefficient and permeability index. At the same time, it decreases with the viscous dissipation. Furthermore, the local mass transfer rate displays an increase with the magnetic field and thermal radiation and viscous dissipation, while it decreases with the variable viscosity as well as permeability index, viscous dissipation, and Forchheimer coefficient. Finally, the current findings are compared with that of the existing literature and a sound agreement was established.

Vertical concentrations gradients and transport of airborne microplastics in wind tunnel experiments

Abstract. Microplastics are an ubiquitous anthropogenic material in the environment, including the atmosphere. Little work has focused on the atmospheric transport mechanisms of microplastic nor its dispersion, despite it being a potential pollutant. We study the vertical transport of airborne microplastics in a wind tunnel, a controllable environment with neutral stability, to identify the necessary conditions for the long-range atmospheric transport of microplastics. An ultrasonic disperser generated airborne water droplets from a suspension of polystyrene microsphere microplastics (MPs) with a diameter of 0.51 µm. The water droplets were injected into the airflow, evaporating and releasing single airborne MPs. The disperser allowed for time-invariant and user-controlled concentrations of MPs in the wind tunnel. MPs were injected at 27, 57, and 255 mm above the ground. A single GRIMM R11 optical particle counter (OPC) and three Alphasense OPCs measured time-averaged MP concentration profiles (27, 57, and 157 mm above the ground). These were combined with turbulent airflow characteristics measured by a hotwire probe to estimate vertical particle fluxes using the flux-gradient similarity theory. The GRIMM R11 OPC measured vertical concentration profiles by moving its sampling tube vertically. The three Alphasense OPCs measured particle concentrations simultaneously at three distinct heights. Results show that maximum concentrations are not measured at the injection height but are rather shifted to the surface by gravitational settling. The MPs experience higher gravitational settling while they are part of the larger water droplets. For the lowest injection at 27 mm, the settling leads to smaller MP concentrations in the wind tunnel, as MPs are lost to deposition. Increasing the wind speed decreases the loss of MPs by settling, but settling is present until our maximum friction velocity of 0.14 m s−1. For the highest injection at 255 mm and laminar flow, the settling resulted in a net MP emission, challenging the expectation of a net MP deposition for high injection. Turbulent flows reverse the MP concentration profile giving a net MP deposition with deposition velocities of 3.7 ± 1.9 cm s−1. Recognizing that microplastics share deposition velocities with mineral particles bridges the gap in understanding their environmental behavior. The result supports the use of existing models to evaluate the transport of microplastics in the accumulation mode. The similar deposition velocities suggest that microplastics transported in the atmosphere can be found in the same places as mineral particles.

Exact analysis of hydromagnetic non‐Gray optically thick heat absorbing fluid with nonlinear parabolic ramped conditions

AbstractThe article presents a solution to a complex problem involving a transient MHD‐free convective chemically reactive flow. The flow involves a viscous incompressible electrically conducting non‐Gray optically thick fluid moving past a semi‐infinite vertical plate that has suddenly started but is temporarily accelerated. The plate has nonlinear parabolic ramped conditions, and the flow is exposed to thermal radiation, heat absorbing sink, and diffusion‐thermo effect. For the current study, the model fluid being used is moist air. The governing equations are obtained using the Laplace transform technique with the help of the Heaviside step function. This study is the first to consider parabolic ramped motion, temperature and concentration simultaneously. Effects of the pertinent parameters on the Sherwood number and Nusselt number are visualized using 3D surface plotting. Findings of the problem manifest that concentration, temperature, and velocity profiles in case of ramped conditions are less than in isothermal conditions. The rate of heat transfer of mercury is less than oxygen, air, water, and ethanol at a room temperature of 22°C–25°C. The ramped plate has the tendency to augment the heat transfer rate. The present study is of great interest in numerous fields of industry and machine‐building applications.

Unsteady MHD Walter’s-B Viscoelastic Flow Past a Vertical Porous Plate

The present paper intended to analyse an unsteady MHD Walter’s-B viscoelastic flow past a vertical porous plate embedded in a porous medium in the presence of the radiation and chemical reaction effects. The dimensionless partial differential equations of governing equations of the flow field are solved numerically using closed analytical method. The velocity, temperature and concentration profiles are discussed graphically and discussed qualitatively

Effects of Activation Energy and Diffusion Thermo an Unsteady MHD Maxwell Fluid Flow over a Porous Vertical Stretched Sheet in the Presence of Thermophoresis and Brownian Motion

This article discusses the effects of Activation energy and Diffusion thermo on an unsteady MHD flow of an electrically conducting Maxwell Nanofluid over a stretching sheet in a porous medium in the presence of thermophoresis and Brownian motion. Using the similarity transformations, the partial differential equations corresponding to the momentum, energy, and concentration equations are transformed into a system of nonlinear ordinary differential equations, which are solved numerically using a RungeKutta fourth-order method along with the shooting technique, and the results obtained for different governing flow parameters are drawn graphically, and their effects on velocity, temperature, and concentration profiles are discussed. The values of the skin friction coefficient, Nusselt number coefficient, and Sherwood number coefficient are presented in the table. A comparison with previously reported data is made, and an excellent agreement is noted. The objective of the present study is to use the Activation energy and Diffusion thermo parameters to increase the concentration of chemical species on the boundary layer and temperature, respectively. The temperature of the fluid increases as the radiation parameter, Brownian motion, thermophoresis, and magnetic parameters increase.

Novel single well chemical tracer test design: shut-in time determination for test feasibility

The well shut-in time (t soak) in a single-well chemical tracer test (SWCTT) after injection of the primary tracer depends on its reactivity under reservoir conditions. In this paper, a novel SWCTT design is proposed to determine the well shut-in time to minimize the risk of loss of test results based on different secondary tracer generation rates considering the oil saturation of the reservoir. The developed method in this paper was approximated to conduct SWCTT in oilfield A in predicting the minimum t soak after ethyl acetate injection for different S or. The paper shows that the field test tracer production curves are consistent with hydrodynamic modeling data at the same t soak. When t soak is reduced according to the model data, the concentration profile of the secondary tracer is in the low detection range, indicating that the test was properly organized when the well shut-in to minimum t soak. Thus, the novel test design showed how the time of all well operations can be optimized and the costs associated with equipment mobilization and service company operations can be reduced.