Concentration Of SAA Research Articles

Estimation of Serum Amyloid A, CRP, Homocysteine, and Neutrophils to Lymphocyte Ratio as an Inflammatory biomarker and their correlation with Cardiovascular risk in a sample of Iraqi COVID-19 Patients

BACKGROUND: COVID-19 is a disease caused by a new coronavirus called SARS CoV-2.WHO first learned of this new virus on 31 December 2019, following a report of a cluster of cases of „viral pneumonia in Wuhan, the People‟s Republic of China. AIM: The study aims to explore the clinical values of combined detection of serum concentration of SAA, C reactive protein, Neutrophil-Lymphocyte ratio, D-dimer, and homocysteine in SARS-COV-2 infected patients, in hospitalized patients, with reference to other inflammatory, metabolic parameters, as well as cardiovascular risk factors and if it can also assess in the monitoring the efficiency of COVID- 19 treatment. METHOD: A cross-sectional study was employed. It was conducted in multi-hospital of Baghdad city. All patients in this study were hospitalized patients with PCR confirmed. targeted population included 42 patients (male & female) aged (18 – 80 years). patients were divided into two groups according to the outcomes of Survival 19 patients and non-survival 23 patients. All biochemical parameters were measured on survivors and non-survivors groups at two different time points. RESULTS: The difference of comparison of SAA and other biomarkers between survival group and nonsurvival group at two different time points hospital admission T1 and after 7 days from admission and starting therapy T2, was statistically significant. The ROC curve results showed that SAA has higher sensitivity to the predictive value of 7 days after treatment. CONCLUSION: SAA high sensitive indicators in estimating the severity and prognosis of COVID-19. And can be used for monitoring the recovery process in COVID-19 patients. SAA was more efficient in predicting COVID-19 than other markers.

Sulfur fertilization in soybean: A meta-analysis on yield and seed composition

Sulfur (S) deficiency has been recently reported in soybean [Glycine max (L.) Merr.] producing regions across the United States. However, field studies have often failed to demonstrate a strong relationship between yield and S fertilization and generally attributing the lack of yield response to unfavorable weather and high soil S supply. In addition, only a few reports described seed composition changes due to S availability under contrasting field conditions. Therefore, our goals were (i) to implement a meta-analytic model to quantify the effect of S application at different growth stages on yield and seed concentration of protein, oil, essential non-S amino acids, and S amino acids (SAA, cysteine and methionine); ii) identify environmental factors underpinning the response of S to these plant traits. Field experiments were carried out from 2017 to 2019 growing seasons with a total of 44 unique site-years conditions across 18 locations in 8 states. Mineral S fertilizer (sulfate/ elemental S) was supplied depending on the study at sowing, vegetative and/or reproductive stages. A random-effects multilevel meta-analysis was conducted. The effect sizes compared yield and seed composition responses relative to the unfertilized control. A principal component analysis (PCA) separated distinctive environmental conditions and a sub-grouped meta-analysis with the main environmental factors was later executed to understand the response of the plant traits with those factors. Seed protein concentration increased by 0.3 % when S was applied at sowing. The concentration of SAA increased by ca. 1% regardless of the fertilization timing. Sites exposed to drought stress (18–29% reduction of potential transpiration) neither presented changes in yield nor seed composition due to S fertilization. Soils with organic matter between 25 and 32 g kg-1 (medium cluster) displayed significant responses to S application. This research brings extensive data and provides a comprehensive analysis of weather and soil attributes influencing soybean yield and seed composition responses to S availability.

Association between Dental Caries, Obesity and Salivary Alpha Amylase in Adolescent Girls of Babol City, Iran-2017.

Statement of the Problem: Adolescents are at risk of obesity and caries due to various factors such as diet and poor health habits; these factors may affect their body mass index (BMI) and salivary components. Therefore, it is necessary to assess these factors and their relationship in this age group.Purpose: This study aimed to evaluate the association between decayed missing filled teeth index (DMFT), salivary alpha amylase (sAA) level and age-specific BMI in adolescent girls.Materials and Method: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 81 females aged 13-15 years in 3 groups of BMI percentiles; “normal”, “at risk for overweight” and “overweight” (n=27). DMFT was calculated and unstimulated saliva samples were collected. The sAA level was measured with a spectrophotometer. Data were analyzed using Kolmogorov-Smir-nov test, Kruskal- Wallis and Spearman correlation tests using SPSS (version 23) at p< 0.05.Results: The concentration of sAA and mean DMFT were estimated 1326.56±4.73 U/L and 2.77±2.36, respectively. There was no significant difference in sAA level and mean DMFT among BMI groups. A positive and significant correlation was found between sAA and DMFT in overweight group (r 0.46, p= 0.014). Conclusion: Within the limitation of this study, higher levels of sAA may be considered as an indicator for dental caries in overweight adolescent girls.

Can blood serum amyloid A concentrations in horses differentiate synovial sepsis from extrasynovial inflammation and determine response to treatment?

BackgroundSerum amyloid A (SAA) concentrations in blood and synovial fluid of horses with synovial sepsis have diagnostic value. Studies suggest serial blood SAA measurements could act as a prognostic indicator....

Изучение свойств системы "вода–анионный ПАВ–настойка плодов голубики"

This study is dedicated to the development of a new shampoo based on plant raw material using water tinctures of high-quality blueberry fruit Vaccinium corymbosum L. We used blueberry fruit of Bluecrop sort, the choice of this variety is based on its popularity and wide spread in the Republic of Belarus. This paper introduces a method of obtaining the tincture of blueberry fruit: the size of crushed raw material is 0.3--1.0 mm; the raw material : extractant ratio is 1 : 10; the extractant is drinking-water; the infusion time is 1 day. We analyzed the complex of biologically active substances in the tincture, contained in it, such as anthocyanins, tannins, carbohydrates, flavonoids. To choose the concentration of anionic SAA, i.e., water solution of sodium laureth sulfate, its foam forming properties in a concentration range of 0.01--5.00 % (ln c from --4.6 to 1.6) were previously determined. It was established that optimal concentration of SAA which provides foam forming properties on the required level for hygienic detergents is 0.02%. The effect of the tincture of blueberry fruit on the properties of water solutions that contain SAA was also investigated. Findings of research show that to meet the requirements for hygienic detergents, which means that the foam number of shampoo should be at least 100 mm, and foam stability should be not less than 80 %, the concentration of the tincture of high-quality blueberry fruit in solution of sodium laureth sulfate should be no more than 10 %.

Small ruminant lentivirus infection influences expression of acute phase proteins and cathelicidin genes in milk somatic cells and peripheral blood leukocytes of dairy goats

The aim of the study was to analyze acute phase protein and cathelicidin gene responses to small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection in goats. In uninfected goats, we found higher Cp and lower Fbγ mRNA levels in blood leucocytes (BL) than in milk somatic cells (MSC), as well as lower SAA, Hp, and CRP and higher Cp and AGP concentrations in blood serum than in milk. In SRLV-infected goats, we found higher Fbγ and MAP28 and lower Cp expression in MSC than in BL, and higher SAA, Hp, Fb, and MAP28 and lower AGP concentrations in milk than in blood serum. Higher SAA and Hp expressions in BL and Hp expression in MSC were found in SRLV-infected goats. In SRLV-infected goats, we observed a higher concentration of SAA in blood serum, while in milk, lower SAA, Cp, and MAP28 and higher MAP34 concentrations were observed. The expression profiles of the studied genes differed between BL/serum and MSC/milk. The elevated SAA concentration in blood serum was accompanied by a decreased concentration of SAA and Cp in the milk of infected goats. No differences in the expression of the other studied genes may mean that the SRLV has the ability to evade the immune system, continuing to replicate. The elevated concentration of SAA in blood serum may promote viral multiplication. This higher concentration of SAA in blood serum and simultaneous reduced concentration of SAA and Cp in milk may be additive indicators of this infection.

Salivary Alpha Amylase, Dental Anxiety, and Extraction Pain: A Pilot Study.

The primary intention of this study was to determine whether salivary alpha-amylase (sAA) factors or the Dental Anxiety Scale (DAS) was a better predictor of dental extraction pain. This study followed a cross-sectional design and included a convenience sample (n = 23) recruited from an outpatient oral surgery clinic. While waiting for their scheduled appointments, consenting patients completed both basic demographic/medical history questionnaires and Corah's DAS as well as submitted sublingual saliva samples. After their extractions, patients marked visual analog scales (VAS) to indicate the intensity of their intraoperative discomfort. Results of this study confirm that there is a relationship between a patient's dental anxiety and intraoperative extraction pain (r[21] = .47, P = .02). This study did not find that preoperative sAA factors (concentration and output rate) were related to either VAS extraction pain or DAS score. A strong positive relationship was observed between the concentration of sAA and the rate of sAA output (r[21] = .81, P < .001). Based on the results of our study, we conclude that dental anxiety has a moderate but significant correlation with intraoperative dental pain. Factors of sAA do not appear to be predictive of this experience. Therefore, simply assessing an anxious patient may be the best indication of that patient's extraction pain.

The evaluation of NT-proCNP, C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A protein concentration in patients with multiple myeloma undergoing stem cell transplantation

The importance of proinflamatory cytokines and acute phase proteins in pathogenesis and progression of MM is well known. However, there are any studies evaluating the role of NT-proCN in management and treatment of MM. The aim of our study was to evaluate the concentration of NT-proCNP and acute phase proteins in patients with MM before and after stem cell transplantation. We involved 40 newly diagnosed MM patients in stage III according to the Durie-Salmon classification and treated with high dose of melphalan (200mg/m2) prior to ASCT. Concentration of NT-proCNP, hs-CRP and SAA were measured before conditioning treatment and every 4days until the 24th day after stem cell infusion. We observed low NT-proCNP levels before conditioning treatment (0.121±0.04pmol/l), the higher in day on ASCT (0.28±0.14pmol/l). Further we showed significant gradual increase concentration of NT-proCNP up to 12days after stem cells infusion (1.07±0.72pmol/l). The kinetics of hs-CRP and SAA levels were similar to NT-proCNP. We showed positive correlation between NT-proCNP levels and absolute neutrophil and platelets count in patients after ASCT. NT-proCNP can be useful parameter to assess effectiveness of treatment and monitoring of hematopoetic recovery time in patients with MM after stem cell transplantations.

Clinical, Functional and Structural Studies of Humans and Merino Sheep Corneas from Two Different Regions of Argentina

Objective: The purpose of our work was to study and compare the cornea and tear film of people and sheep inhabiting in a region of Argentinean Patagonia (PATG), and in a geographically and climatically different region in the Argentinean Pampa (CAPT). Methods: Using cross sectional study, corneal examinations were performed in people and Merino sheep inhabiting PATG and CAPT regions, respectively. All people completed a questionnaire related to work activity, diet, and the use of hats or sunglasses during their life. Eyes from all participants were examined with a portable handheld slitlamp biomicroscope (BM) to evaluate corneal appearance, epithelium integrity, and transparency. Later on, in a subgroup of participants we studied eyeblinking frequency (EBF), ocular surface staining (FS), breakup time (BUT), Schirmer Tear Test (STT), corneal structure using confocal laser scanning microscopy (CLSM) and light microscopy (LM), and concentrations of serum ascorbate (sAA). Results: BM studies revealed numerous cases of Climatic Droplets Keratopathy (CDK) only in people inhabiting the PATG region. CLSM studies confirmed typical punctiform deposits at the Bowman´s layer in CDK patients living in that region. CLSM images from sheep did not show any abnormalities at the Bowman´s layer but exhibited small hyper reflective dots at the epithelium only in animals pasturing in the PATG region. FS and EBF mean values were significant higher in sheep grazing in the PATG region (p <0.05). No differences were found in surface eye tests when people from both regions were analyzed. Low sAA levels were found only in CDK people living in PATG region. Conclusions: CDK is a multi-factorial disease not only associated to harsh climate. We provide data that low sAA levels can play a role in its genesis in Patagonia patients’... Sheep pasturing in this region with a high prevalence of CDK have high concentration of sAA and did not present any sub epithelial corneal abnormalities.

GW25-e3085 Genetic polymorphisms of SAA1 and coronary artery disease risk and concentration of plasma HDL-C and SAA

GW25-e3085 Genetic polymorphisms of SAA1 and coronary artery disease risk and concentration of plasma HDL-C and SAA

Determination of the lactate threshold by means of salivary biomarkers: chromogranin A as novel marker of exercise intensity

This study examined intra-individual variations in salivary lactate (sLac), alpha-amylase (sAA) and chromogranin A (sCgA) with reference to the accumulation of blood lactate (bLac) during incremental maximal exercise in swimmers. Samples of blood and saliva were collected simultaneously from 12 male professional athletes during an incremental test that consisted of eight series of 100 m in front crawl with increasing velocity (0.03 m s(-1) each) and 70-s intervals. The concentration of blood and salivary lactate was determined by an electro-enzymatic assay, whereas sAA and CgA were analysed by Western blotting. Inflection points in the concentration of bLAc, sLac, sAA and CgA were found in all subjects. The accumulation of lactate in saliva followed the same pattern observed in blood with a high correlation between the two (r = 0.91). Similar results were observed between the dynamics of sAA (r = 0.81) and sCgA (r = 0.82) in relation to bLac. These findings support the usefulness of saliva for the determination of the lactate threshold and provide the first demonstration of sCgA as a novel marker of exercise intensity in well-trained men.

Serum amyloid A isoforms in serum and milk from cows with Staphylococcus aureus subclinical mastitis

Serum amyloid A proteins (SAA) are very sensitive acute phase proteins, displaying multiple isoforms in plasma and different body fluids. They are currently under investigation as biomarkers of diseases. The aim of the present study was to compare the concentration and isoform expression of SAA in serum and milk of cows with bacteriologically negative milk (control group) and naturally occurring Staphylococcus aureus (S. aureus) subclinical mastitis (subclinical mastitis group). Somatic cell count (SCC) and bacteriological analyses were performed to establish the control and subclinical mastitis group. SAA concentration was evaluated using a commercial ELISA kit, while expression of different isoforms (serum A-SAA and milk M-SAA3 isoforms) was visualized by denaturing isoelectrical focusing and immunoblotting. The SAA concentrations in sera and milk of cows in the subclinical mastitis group were three and 100 times higher than in those from the control group of cows, respectively. Cows in the subclinical mastitis group had more acidic SAA isoforms in serum with the most prominent one at pI 5.5. This isoform was not detected in sera from the control group. Milk samples in the subclinical mastitis group contained abundant highly alkaline M-SAA3 isoforms and most of the serum isoforms, except for that at pI 5.5. In the subclinical mastitis group SAA isoforms with equivalent pI as serum isoforms accounted for 20% of the total SAA concentration in milk. There were significant differences in the concentrations and isoform patterns of SAA in serum and milk between the control and subclinical mastitis groups of cows. Also, we demonstrated that serum SAA isoforms were not transferred to milk proportion to their plasma content.

Kinetics of the response of four positive acute phase proteins in pigs experimentally infected with toxigenic Pasteurella multocida

In the present study, acute phase proteins (APP) responses in pigs after infection with toxigenic strain of Pasteurella multocida (Pm) were evaluated. Twelve piglets from a herd free from toxigenic Pm were used. Six of them were infected intranasally with Pm. CRP, Hp, SAA and Pig-MAP concentrations were measured using commercial ELISA tests. CRP and Hp were significantly induced from 2 days post inoculation (dpi). The concentration of Hp in inoculated pigs remained elevated until the end of the study. The concentrations of SAA and Pig-MAP increased significantly from 3dpi, and remained elevated to 5 or 7dpi, respectively. Strong correlations were observed between concentration of Hp or SAA and changes in the lungs. No correlations were found between levels of APP in serum and changes observed in the turbinates. On the basis of our investigation, we cannot state that evaluation of APP concentrations in serum may provide useful information about severity of atrophic rhinitis. However, the concentration of all investigated APP increased after inoculation. Thus, APP-measurements may reveal ongoing infection. Monitoring of APP concentrations in the pig herds may help to pinpoint infected animals even before clinical signs are present. If found, these “APP-high” animals may be chosen next for pathogen-specific diagnostics. Early diagnosis and therapy may prevent the infection from spreading in the herd. Moreover, monitoring of APP concentrations in serum may be useful for selecting clinically healthy pigs before integration into an uninfected herd. Future studies should focus on the possibility of distinguishing infected and non-infected pigs under field conditions.

Influence of smoking and body weight on adipokines in middle aged women

ObjectiveQuitting smoking was associated with an undesirable weight gain. Both, cigarette smoking and obesity were accompanied by subclinical systemic inflammation. This may cause unfavourable changes in (plasma) adipokine concentration. The aim of the present study was to establish the influence of moderate cigarette smoking on the concentration of the adipokines leptin and adiponectin and the pro-inflammatory factors CRP, SAA, IL-6 and TNF-α in non-obese (n = 138) and obese (n = 175) perimenopausal women of the DRECAN-2005 survey.ResultsAmong non-obese women, adiponectin was significantly lower in smokers than in non-smokers (16.88 ± 6.85 vs. 20.63 ± 10.04 μg/ml; P < 0.05). Leptin tended to lower values, too. Among obese women, none significant differences in adiponectin or leptin concentration were observed between smokers and non-smokers. In obese smokers and obese non-smokers, the adiponectin concentrations were significantly lower and the leptin concentrations were significantly higher than in non-obese non-smokers. Non-obese smokers showed significantly higher leukocyte count (6.50 ± 1.83 vs. 5.51 ± 1.31 GPT/l; P < 0.001) and serum amyloid A concentration (7.81 ± 1.25 vs. 4.22 ± 1.43 mg/l; P < 0.05) than non-obese non-smokers. There were only tendencies to higher concentration of CRP, IL-6, and TNF-α. In obese women, moderate cigarette smoking was not associated with higher leukocyte count or concentration of SAA. Among non-smokers, overweight was associated higher concentration of leptin (22.16 ± 12.16 vs. 11.49 ± 6.37 ng/ml; P < 0.001) and with significantly lower concentration of adiponectin (16.29 ± 8.01 vs. 20.77 ± 9.99 μg/ml; P < 0.001). Among smokers, overweight was associated with higher leptin concentration only (obese: 18.62 ± 13.46 vs. non-obese: 8.84 ± 4.92 ng/ml; P < 0.01).ConclusionsIn non-obese middle aged women, even moderate cigarette smoking adversely influences the serum concentration of adiponectin and SAA. Over-weight hides possible effects of smoking on cytokines and adipokines.

Evaluation of a commercially available apparatus for measuring the acute phase protein serum amyloid A in horses

The aim of this study was to investigate the reliability of an immunoturbidometric assay for measuring the acute phase protein serum amyloid A (saa) in horses in clinical practice. The...

Correlates of circulating C-reactive protein and serum amyloid A concentrations in breast cancer survivors

Inflammatory status may be an important prognostic factor for breast cancer. Correlates of markers of inflammation in breast cancer survivors have not been thoroughly evaluated. Using data from, the Health, Eating, Activity, and Lifestyle (HEAL) Study (a population-based, multiethnic prospective cohort study of female breast cancer patients) we evaluated the associations between circulating markers of inflammation (C-reactive protein [CRP] and serum amyloid A [SAA], measured approximately 31 months after diagnosis) and several demographic, lifestyle, and clinical characteristics in 741 disease-free breast cancer survivors. Analysis of variance and regression methods were used for statistical analyses of log-transformed values of CRP and SAA. After adjusting for age, BMI, ethnicity, and study site, higher concentrations of CRP were associated with increasing concentration of SAA (P-trend < 0.0001), increasing age (P-trend < 0.0001), increasing BMI (P-trend < 0.0001), increasing waist circumference (P-trend < 0.0001), positive history of heart failure (P = 0.0007), decreasing physical activity (P-trend = 0.005), Hispanic ethnicity (P = 0.05 vs. non-Hispanic white), and current smoking (P = 0.03 vs. never smoking). Vitamin E supplementation (P = 0.0005), tamoxifen use (P = 0.008), and radiation treatment (compared to no chemotherapy or radiation; P = 0.04) were associated with reduced CRP. Associations of CRP with clinical characteristics were not significant in the adjusted models. In a multivariate analysis, CRP showed significant associations with waist circumference, BMI, age, history of heart failure, tamoxifen use, and vitamin E supplementation (R (2) = 0.35). Similar, yet fewer, associations were observed for SAA (R (2) = 0.19). This study highlights important correlates of inflammatory status in breast cancer patients. Our results are consistent with those from similar studies of healthy women.

Sulfur-containing amino acids, C-reactive protein, Vitamin B&lt;sub&gt;12&lt;/sub&gt;, folate and mortality in haemodialysis patients

Cardiovascular disease (CVD) is common in haemodialysis (HD) patients with chronic renal insufficiency and is the leading cause of death. The accelerated state of atherosclerosis found in these patients is due to a combination of different mechanisms. Recent studies confirm that inflammation plays an important role in the development of atherosclerosis. Plasma SAA, CRP, B12 and folate in three different groups of patients with chronic renal failure (CRF) (one group without dialysis under conservative treatment, one pre-haemodialysis and one post-haemodialysis) were investigated and compared to control group. Our study aimed to analyze, whether there is a relationship between the plasma concentration of SAA, CRP as a predictor of mortality in HD patients as well as systemic vitamin concentration, measured as levels of vitamin B12 and folate. The present study shows that many abnormalities are observed in plasma SAA concentrations in all patient groups accompanied with increase level of CRP. The patients with uremia have evidence of slight deficiency in folate and vitamin B12 levels. Based on theoretical and practical background of other studies, supplementation with both folate and vitamin B12 is recommended to normalize the detected abnormalities in SAA concentrations especially Hcys and hence has a beneficial effect on the cardiovascular risk in CRF and dialysis patients. These results suggest that SAA and inflammation are the main risk factor for mortality in haemodialysis patients. Further studies are required to demonstrate that this effect is associated with an improved in morbidity and mortality. As the study was carried out in a relatively limited number of patients, the results need to be confirmed in a larger patient population. Keywords: SAA, CRP, vitamin B12, Folate, mortalityEgyptian Journal of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Vol. 24 (2) 2006: pp. 111-129

Serum amyloid A in the serum and milk of ewes with mastitis induced experimentally with Staphylococcus epidermidis

Mastitis was induced experimentally in ewes with Staphylococcus epidermidis, and the concentrations of serum amyloid A (sAA) in milk and serum, and the somatic cell counts and bacteria in the...

Kinetics of Film Formation of Poly(n-butyl methacrylate) Latex in the Presence of Poly(styrene/α-methylstyrene/acrylic acid) by Atomic Force Microscopy

The kinetics of film formation of emulsifier-free monodisperse poly(n-butyl methacrylate) (PBMA) latex in the presence of post-added poly(styrene/α-methylstyrene/acrylic acid) (SAA), an example of alkali soluble resin (ASR), was followed using atomic force microscopy (AFM). The peak-to-valley distance (corrugation height) of latex particles in the film was monitored at different annealing temperatures as a function of annealing duration. The influence of the concentration of SAA on the rate of interdiffusion of the latex particles and hence the film morphology was investigated. The AFM results show that the kinetics obey the time/temperature superposition principles. The corrugation height of the PBMA particles in films containing SAA was found to be higher than those in the pure PBMA films. The AFM results suggest very strongly both the formation of a hard surface layer of SAA over the soft PBMA particle, and the migration of free SAA to the latex film surface during annealing. The SAA layer adsorbed on ...

Serum amyloid A1 alleles and plasma concentrations of serum amyloid A

Serum amyloid A1 (SAAI), the predominant isotype of acute phase SAA in plasma and the predominant precursor offibrillar deposits in reactive amyloidosis, is encoded by a gene, for which six allelic variants have been described Recent studies proposed that the allele SAA1.3 was positively correlated with the development of reactive amyloidosis in Japanese. This study examined whether the plasma concentration of total SAA is injluenced by specific SAA1 alleles. Two hundred and eighty healthy Japanese subjects were examined to determine the allelic distribution of SAA1 and SAA2 genes by the PCR-RFLP method, and to measure the total plasma SAA concentrations. SAA concentrations were significantly higher (P<0. 001) in subjects with the allele SAA 1.5 than those without it, suggesting that SAA 1.5 may have a distinctive feature in the process of synthesis or catabolism. Subjects with the allele SAA1.3 had lower SAA concentrations, though not statistically significant, than those with SAA1.1. There was not significant correlation of SAA2 alleles with SAA concentrations. These results are discussed in terms of amyloidogenicity.