Small ruminant lentivirus infection influences expression of acute phase proteins and cathelicidin genes in milk somatic cells and peripheral blood leukocytes of dairy goats

Daria Reczyńska,Lech Zwierzchowski,Emilia Bagnicka,Magdalena Zalewska,Jarosław Kaba,Michał Czopowicz

doi:10.1186/s13567-018-0607-x

Daria Reczyńska, Lech Zwierzchowski + Show 4 more

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https://doi.org/10.1186/s13567-018-0607-x

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Abstract

The aim of the study was to analyze acute phase protein and cathelicidin gene responses to small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) infection in goats. In uninfected goats, we found higher Cp and lower Fbγ mRNA levels in blood leucocytes (BL) than in milk somatic cells (MSC), as well as lower SAA, Hp, and CRP and higher Cp and AGP concentrations in blood serum than in milk. In SRLV-infected goats, we found higher Fbγ and MAP28 and lower Cp expression in MSC than in BL, and higher SAA, Hp, Fb, and MAP28 and lower AGP concentrations in milk than in blood serum. Higher SAA and Hp expressions in BL and Hp expression in MSC were found in SRLV-infected goats. In SRLV-infected goats, we observed a higher concentration of SAA in blood serum, while in milk, lower SAA, Cp, and MAP28 and higher MAP34 concentrations were observed. The expression profiles of the studied genes differed between BL/serum and MSC/milk. The elevated SAA concentration in blood serum was accompanied by a decreased concentration of SAA and Cp in the milk of infected goats. No differences in the expression of the other studied genes may mean that the SRLV has the ability to evade the immune system, continuing to replicate. The elevated concentration of SAA in blood serum may promote viral multiplication. This higher concentration of SAA in blood serum and simultaneous reduced concentration of SAA and Cp in milk may be additive indicators of this infection.

Highlights

Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) causes chronic diseases in domestic and wild small ruminants
Transcripts of serum amyloid A (SAA), Hp, Cp, Fbα, Fbγ, AGP4, LALBA, C-reactive protein (CRP), bactenecin 5 (BAC5), BAC7.5, cathelicidin 6 (MAP28), and cathelicidin 7 (MAP34) genes were found in all blood leucocytes (BL) and milk somatic cells (MSC) samples of both SRLV-infected and uninfected goats; the levels of some of these differed between the groups and types of biological materials
We analyzed the differences in gene expression levels between BL/blood serum and MSC/milk of uninfected and infected goats, separately

Summary

Introduction

Small ruminant lentivirus (SRLV) causes chronic diseases in domestic and wild small ruminants. Caprine arthritis– encephalitis virus (CAEV) and visna-maedi virus (VMV), responsible for diseases in goats and sheep, respectively, were first considered to be two related but separate pathogens. Through phylogenetic and epidemiologic analysis, they were merged into a single species, that of SRLV. SRLV belongs to the Lentivirus genus, Retroviridae family together with human (HIV), simian (SIV), and feline immunodeficiency (FIV) viruses. The main target cells for SRLV are monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells but not lymphocytes. SRLV cause a systemic infection that may affect the central nervous system, in addition to the mammary gland, and respiratory and musculoskeletal system [3]. The maturation of blood monocytes into tissue macrophages initiates virus replication within these cells [4].

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