Concentration Of Q10 Research Articles

Features of the influence of the antioxidant ethylmethylhydroxypyridine malate and the drug ubidecarenone on plasma concentrations of ubiquinone, ubiquinol and the redox state of coenzyme Q10

Relevance. Coenzyme Q10 is one of the main components that maintain the balance of the body's redox regulatory system. Although some studies have examined plasma concentrations of CoQ10 in various diseases, the distribution of ubiquinol and ubiquinone, as well as the redox state of CoQ10, remain largely unexplored. The purpose of the study. The purpose of the study was to study the ratio of ubiquinone and ubiquinol concentrations in patients with chronic heart failure (CHF) administrating the antioxidant ethylmethylhydroxypyridine malate and the domestic drug ubidecarenone (CoQ10 drug). Methods. The study included 58 patients with functional class (FC) of CHF 0−III (according to NYHA), who were divided into 2 groups for subsequent assessment of the effect of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine malate and ubidecarenone on endogenous plasma concentrations of total CoQ10, ubiquinol and ubiquinone. The concentrations of the studied substances were determined by HPLC-MS/MS in the multiple reaction monitoring mode. Results. The study revealed that with additional administration of the drug ubidecarenone, there was an increase in the concentration of coenzyme Q10 (+25.0 Δ%), a significant increase in the concentration of ubiquinol (+43.4 Δ%), as well as a sharp increase in redox state (+74.6 Δ%) compared to the control group. During administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine malate in addition to standard therapy, patients experienced a statistically significant increase in the concentration of coenzyme Q10 (+20.22 Δ%), a significant increase in the concentration of ubiquinol (+25.0 Δ%) and ubiquinone (+17.7 Δ%) according to compared with a control group receiving standard therapy. Conclusion. With the additional administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine malate and ubidecarenone to standard therapy, a statistically significant increase in the concentration of total CoQ10 is observed. However, when administrating ubidecarenone, a sharp increase in the redox state of CoQ10 is observed due to its reduced form — ubiquinol. While during administration of ethylmethylhydroxypyridine malate, it is observed an unreliable but positive trend towards an increase in the redox state of CoQ10 due to a statistically significant increase in the concentration of both ubiquinone and ubiquinol.

Blood Concentration of Coenzyme Q10 Increases in Rats When Esterified Forms Are Administered

Coenzyme Q levels decrease during aging in most tissues and in the target organs of a number of diseases. The uptake of this lipid into the blood and other tissues was investigated in 6-wk-old male Sprague-Dawley rats after 3 wk of dietary supplementation. In addition to the natural form of coenzyme Q10, acetylated and succinylated forms were also administered. Coenzyme Q10 was taken up into the blood, but uptake was significantly greater in rats given the succinylated (∼40%), and particularly, the acetylated forms (∼70%). All three forms increased significantly the total coenzyme Q concentration in both the liver (∼100%) and spleen (∼130%). Coenzyme Q10 and its esterified forms were not taken up into kidney, heart, muscle or brain. Intraportal and intraperitoneal administration of succinylated coenzyme Q10 gave results similar to those obtained in the dietary experiments. Uptake of the dietary coenzyme Q10 into the liver and spleen did not down-regulate the endogenous synthesis, i.e., the amounts of isolated coenzyme Q9 did not change in these tissues. Thus, esterification of coenzyme Q increases the uptake of dietary lipid into the blood; however, the derivatization does not contribute to the elevation of coenzyme Q levels in various organs.

Heart Failure-Do We Need New Drugs or Have Them Already? A Case of Coenzyme Q10.

Heart failure (HF) is a global epidemic that contributes to the deterioration of quality of life and its shortening in 1–3% of adult people in the world. Pharmacotherapy of HF should rely on highly effective drugs that improve prognosis and prolong life. Currently, the ESC guidelines from 2021 indicate that ACEI, ARNI, BB, and SGLT2 inhibitors are the first-line drugs in HF. It is also worth remembering that the use of coenzyme Q10 brought many benefits in patients with HF. Coenzyme Q10 is a very important compound that performs many functions in the human body. The most important function of coenzyme Q10 is participation in the production of energy in the mitochondria, which determines the proper functioning of all cells, tissues, and organs. The highest concentration of coenzyme Q10 is found in the tissue of the heart muscle. As the body ages, the concentration of coenzyme Q10 in the tissue of the heart muscle decreases, which makes it more susceptible to damage by free radicals. It has been shown that in patients with HF, the aggravation of disease symptoms is inversely related to the concentration of coenzyme Q10. Importantly, the concentration of coenzyme Q10 in patients with HF was an important predictor of the risk of death. Long-term coenzyme Q10 supplementation at a dose of 300 mg/day (Q-SYMBIO study) has been shown to significantly improve heart function and prognosis in patients with HF. This article summarizes the latest and most important data on CoQ10 in pathogenesis.

Is plasma concentration of coenzyme Q10 a predictive marker for left ventricular remodelling after revascularization for ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction?

Left ventricular remodelling that frequently occurs after acute myocardial infarction is associated with an increased risk of heart failure and cardiovascular death. Although several risk factors have been identified, there is still no marker in clinical use to predict left ventricular remodelling. Plasma concentration of coenzyme Q10, which plays a key role in mitochondrial energy production and as an antioxidant, seems to be negatively correlated with left ventricular function after acute myocardial infarction. The goal of our study was to determine whether the plasma coenzyme Q10 baseline concentrations at time of the ST-elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI) could predict left ventricular remodelling at six months' follow-up. Sixty-eight patients who were admitted to hospital for STEMI and successfully revascularized with primary percutaneous coronary intervention were recruited. All patients underwent a 3D-echocardiography examination within the first four days after percutaneous coronary intervention and six months later then divided into two groups based on the presence or not of left ventricular remodelling. Plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration at the time of percutaneous coronary intervention was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. While we found similar plasma coenzyme Q10 concentrations compared with other studies, no association was evidenced between coenzyme Q10 concentrations and left ventricular remodelling (P = 0.89). We found no evidence for using plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration as an early prediction marker of left ventricular remodelling after STEMI.

Effect of Statin Therapy on the Plasma Concentrations of Retinol, Alpha-Tocopherol and Coenzyme Q10 in Children with Familial Hypercholesterolemia

PurposeFamilial hypercholesterolemia (FH) requires early treatment. However, statins, which are regarded the first-line therapy, have an influence on redox balance. Antioxidant vitamins are important for many metabolic processes in the developing body. There are few data available on the long-term safety of statin use in children. The aim of this study was to evaluate the influence of statin treatment in children with FH on plasma concentrations of antioxidant vitamins: retinol, alpha-tocopherol and coenzyme Q10.MethodsThe first study group consisted of 13 children aged 10–18 years treated with simvastatin for at least 6 months, and the second group comprised 13 age- and sex-matched children with hypercholesterolemia, in whom pharmacological treatment had not been applied yet. Analyses were performed using a high-performance liquid chromatograph coupled with a MS detector.ResultsThe analysis did not reveal significant differences in the concentration of retinol, alpha-tocopherol or coenzyme Q10 between the studied groups. The adjustment of the concentrations of the vitamins to the cholesterol level also indicated no significant differences. We found no deficits in antioxidant vitamins in patients treated with statins, or any risk of adverse effects associated with an increase in their concentration.ConclusionThere is no rationale for additional supplementation using antioxidant vitamins or modification of low-fat and low-cholesterol diet in pediatric patients treated with statins.

Hydrogen gas activates coenzyme Q10 to restore exhausted CD8+ T cells, especially PD-1+Tim3+terminal CD8+ T cells, leading to better nivolumab outcomes in patients with lung cancer.

As previously reported, hydrogen gas improves the prognosis of patients with cancer by restoring exhausted CD8+ T cells into active CD8+ T cells, possibly by activating mitochondria. As mitochondrial activators exhibit synergistic effects with nivolumab, the current study investigated whether hydrogen gas also affects the clinical outcomes of nivolumab. A total of 42 of 56 patients with lung cancer treated with nivolumab received hydrogen gas. Exhausted markers (PD-1 and Tim-3) on cell populations in the CD8+ T cell differentiation pathway were analyzed using flow cytometry. The concentration of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) was measured as a marker of mitochondrial function. The 42 patients treated with hydrogen gas and nivolumab (HGN) indicated a significantly longer overall survival (OS) compared with those treated with nivolumab only (n=14). In multivariate analysis, PD-1+Tim-3+terminal CD8+ T cells (PDT+) were an independent poor prognostic factor in OS, and CoQ10 showed a tendency to be associated with improved OS. The change in the rate of PDT+ and CoQ10 after vs. before HGN (PDT+ ratio and CoQ10 ratio, respectively) revealed that patients with low PDT+ ratio (<0.81) and high CoQ10 ratio (>1.175) had significantly longer OS compared with those with high PDT+ ratio and low CoQ10 ratio. Furthermore, PDT+, with a significant reverse correlation with CoQ10, was significantly lower in patients with high CoQ10 and/or CoQ10 ratio than in those low CoQ10 and/or CoQ10. Hydrogen gas has been suggested to enhance the clinical efficacy of nivolumab by increasing CoQ10 (mitochondria) to reduce PDT+, with PDT+ and CoQ10 as reliable negative and positive biomarkers of nivolumab, respectively.

Pharmacokinetics of Repeated Oral Dosing with Coenzyme Q10 in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels with Myxomatous Mitral Valve Disease.

Coenzyme Q10 (Q10) is a mitochondrial cofactor and an antioxidant with the potential to combat oxidative stress in heart failure. This study aims to determine the pharmacokinetics of repeated oral dosing of Q10 in Cavalier King Charles Spaniels (CKCS) with spontaneous myxomatous mitral valve disease (MMVD) and to evaluate echocardiographic parameters, circulating cardiac biomarkers, and quality of life (QoL) after treatment. The study is a randomized, placebo-controlled, single-blinded crossover study. Nineteen CKCS with MMVD were randomized to receive 100 mg Q10 (ubiquinone) bi-daily for three weeks, then placebo (or in reverse order). Clinical examination, blood sampling, echocardiography, and QoL assessment were performed before and after each treatment phase. Q10 plasma concentrations were determined in plasma using a validated high-performance liquid chromatography method using electrochemical detection (HPLC-ECD). Eighteen CKCS were included in the analyses. Total plasma concentration of Q10 increased significantly (p < 0.0001) from baseline (median, 0.92 µg/mL; interquartile range (IQR), 0.70–1.26) to after treatment (median, 3.51 µg/mL; IQR, 2.30–6.88). Thirteen dogs reached the threshold of a total plasma Q10 concentration of ≥2.0 µg/mL. The average half-life (T1/2) of Q10 was 2.95 days (IQR, 1.75–4.02). No significant differences were observed in clinical MMVD severity, and the owner perceived QoL between Q10 and placebo treatment. The solubilized Q10 formulation was well-tolerated in the dogs. Individual variation in plasma concentrations was observed following oral treatment. A long-term placebo-controlled trial is warranted in dogs with MMVD to determine long-term efficacy on the clinical severity of MMVD.

Systemic Redox Imbalance in Patients with Chronic Granulomatous Disease.

The aim of our study was to evaluate redox status, enzymatic and non-enzymatic antioxidant barriers, oxidative damage of proteins, lipids and DNA, as well as concentration of coenzyme Q10 and vitamins A and E in patients with chronic granulomatous disease (CGD). The study was performed on fifteen Caucasian individuals (median age 24 years and seven months) diagnosed with CGD. The mutation in the NCF1 gene was confirmed in ten patients, and in the CYBB gene in five patients. We demonstrated high levels of total oxidant status (TOS) and oxidative stress index (OSI), lipids (↑8-isoprostanes (8-isoP), ↑4-hydroxynonenal (4-HNE)), proteins (↑advanced oxidation protein products (AOPP)) and DNA (↑8-hydroxy-2’-deoxyguanosine (8-OHdG)) oxidation products in CGD individuals as compared to sex- and age-matched healthy controls. We showed enhanced serum enzymatic activity of catalase (CAT) and superoxide dismutase-1 (SOD) and significantly decreased coenzyme Q10 concentration. Our study confirmed redox disturbances and increased oxidative damage in CGD patients, and indicated the need to compare redox imbalance depending on the type of mutation and nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide phosphate (NADPH) oxidase activity. The question regarding effectiveness of antioxidant therapy in patients with CGD is open, and the need to establish guidelines in this area remains to be addressed.

THE IMPACT OF CARDIOVASCULAR AND BRONCHOPULMONARY DISEASES ON COENZYME Q10 PLASMA CONCENTRATION

Introduction. Coenzyme Q10 plays an important role in the human body. Its main function is not only the transfer of electrons in the mitochondrial respiratory chain for the ATP synthesis, but it is also one of the most powerful antioxidants in the body.The aim of research is to monitor the relationship between cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases, and the concentration of coenzyme Q10 in the blood plasma.Materials and methods. Coenzyme Q10 was determined using high performance liquid chromatography with mass spectrometric detection.Results and discussion. During the study, it was found that the concentration of coenzyme Q10 in plasma is affected not only by the main diseases, but also by comorbidities, as well as by the therapy. A sharp decrease in plasma coenzyme Q10 concentration was noted in patients with cardiovascular pathologies, especially in those with concomitant endocrine diseases. Also, it was recorded a decrease in the concentration of coenzyme Q10 in the plasma of patients with pneumonia. Conclusion. During the experiment, the coenzyme Q10 concentration was found to be dependent on cardiovascular and pulmonary diseases.

Co-enzyme Q10 protects chicken hearts from in vivo heat stress via inducing HSF1 binding activity and Hsp70 expression.

In this report, we investigated the protective function of co-enzyme Q10 on chicken hearts during in vivo heat stress (HS) and the relationship with Hsp70 expression. The concentration of co-enzyme Q10 (Q10) in the serum indicated that Q10 exogenously added prior HS was fully absorbed by chickens and is maintained at high levels during HS. The level of heart and oxidative damage-associated enzymes in the serum revealed that treatment with Q10 decreased the activity of CK-MB, CK, and LDH compared with the HS group; moreover, oxidative injury was also alleviated by Q10 according to the level of SOD, MDA, and T-AOC in the serum compared with HS group during heat stress. A pathological examination indicated that the chicken hearts suffered serious damage during HS, including hemorrhage, granular changes, karyopyknosis, and cardiac muscle fiber disorder; however, the extent of heart damage was reduced in HS + Q10 group. Our results indicated that the addition of Q10 could upregulate the expression of Hsp70 during HS compared with the HS group. Compared with the HS group, the addition of Q10 significantly increased the gene expression of hsf1 during HS and hsf3 at 5h of HS. The expression of hsf2 and hsf4 was not influenced by HS. Q10 could only accelerate the trimerization of HSF1 as well binding activities to Hsp70 HSE according to native page and ChIP assays. These findings suggest that co-enzyme Q10 can protect chicken hearts from in vivo HS by inducing HSF1 binding activity and Hsp70 expression.

Protective Effects of Coenzyme Q10 on Developmental Competence of Porcine Early Embryos.

Coenzyme Q10 (Q10) plays an important role in the cellular antioxidant system by protecting the cells from free-radical oxidative damage and apoptosis. In the present study, we have investigated the effect of Q10 on the preimplantation development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos, as well as the underlying mechanism. The results showed that 100 μM was the optimal concentration of Q10, which resulted in significantly increased cleavage and blastocyst formation rates and improvement of blastocyst quality. Q10 improved the blastocyst hatching rate and cellular proliferation rate in hatching blastocysts and increased the expression of hatching-related genes. Furthermore, Q10 not only decreased reactive oxygen species production, DNA damage levels, and apoptosis in the blastocysts from H2O2-induced oxidative injury, but also maintained mitochondrial function. Taken together, these results indicate that Q10 has beneficial effects on the development of porcine parthenogenetic embryos by preventing oxidative damage and apoptosis.

Dietary essential oils improve the hepatic antioxidative status of broiler chickens

1. A total of 200 male Ross 308 chickens were used to evaluate the effects of a standardised combination of essential oils including 5% carvacrol, 3% cinnamaldehyde and 2% capsicum oleoresin (XT 6930; Pancosma S.A., Geneva, Switzerland) on their performance, hepatic antioxidant concentration and caecal tonsils morphometry.2. Two diets were offered to broiler chickens from d old to 21 d of age. The control diet (C) was slightly lower in metabolisable energy (12.13 MJ/kg ME) and crude protein (215 g/kg CP) than breeders’ recommendation. The second diet, made as XT 6930, was added on the top of the control diet at 100 mg/kg. Each diet was offered ad libitum to birds housed in one of 10 floor pens in a randomised complete block design. The birds were housed in 20 floor pens, 10 birds in each pen, and were allocated to 10 replicates of the two dietary treatments.3. The concentration of antioxidants in the liver of the birds was determined using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) at 21 d of age. Birds fed control diet only had lower weight and converted less efficiently feed to gain compared to birds fed essential oils-supplemented diet. Feed consumption was not affected by dietary treatments. The antioxidant data showed that supplemented essential oils improved the hepatic concentration of carotenoids and coenzyme Q10 when fed to broiler chickens. The morphometry of the caecal tonsils of the birds was not influenced by dietary treatments.4. It can be concluded that that dietary combination of essential oils, including carvacrol, cinnamaldehyde and capsicum oleoresin, improved growth, feed efficiency and the hepatic concentration of carotenoids and coenzyme Q10 when fed to broiler chickens.

Production of functional orange juice by the addition of coenzyme Q10

Today, in parallel to growing in acceptance of functional products, various additives are used to improve the characteristics of functional food products. The coenzyme Q10 plays a vital role in cellular energy production. It also increases the body's immune system via its antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of coenzyme Q10 on physicochemical properties of orange fruit juice. The variables were concentrations of coenzyme Q10 (10 or 20 mg in 300 ml) and storage temperature (25 ° C and 4 ° C) and the parameters were pH, titrable acidity, brix, viscosity, turbidity and sensory evaluation during three months of storage . By increasing time and temperature, pH was decreased and with increasing concentration of coenzyme Q10, pH was increased. Time and temperature had direct influence on acidity, and the concentration of coenzyme Q10 had the opposite effect on the acidity. With increasing storage time and concentration of coenzyme Q10, Brix, viscosity and turbidity levels were increased and with increasing time and concentration of coenzyme Q10, the Brix, viscosity and turbidity were increased. The addition of coenzyme Q10 in grape juice showed no negative effect on the physicochemical and sensory properties.

Evaluation of coenzyme Q10 addition and storage temperature on some physicochemical and organoleptic properties of pomegranate juice

Today, in parallel to growing in acceptance of functional products, various additives are used to improve the characteristics of functional food products. The coenzyme Q 10 plays a vital role in cellular energy production. It also increases the body's immune system via its antioxidant activity. The aim of this study was to evaluate the addition of coenzyme Q 10 on physicochemical properties of pomegranate fruit juice. The variables were concentrations of coenzyme Q 10 (10 or 20 mg in 300 ml) and storage temperature (25°C and 4°C) and the parameters were pH, titrable acidity, brix, viscosity, turbidity and sensory evaluation during three months of storage. By increasing time and temperature, pH was decreased and with increasing concentration of coenzyme Q 10 , pH was increased. Time and temperature had direct influence on acidity, and the concentration of coenzyme Q 10 had the opposite effect on the acidity. With increasing storage time and concentration of coenzyme Q 10 , Brix, viscosity and turbidity levels were increased and with increasing time and concentration of coenzyme Q10, the Brix, viscosity and turbidity were increased. The addition of coenzyme Q 10 in grape juice showed no negative effect on the physicochemical and sensory properties.

Rapid Determination of Coenzyme Q10 in Food Supplements Using 1H NMR Spectroscopy

A methodology utilizing 1H NMR spectroscopy has been developed to measure the concentration of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in dietary supplements. For sample preparation, a very simple dilution with deuterated chloroform and addition of internal standard is sufficient. CoQ10 produces a distinct peak of the CH groups in the isoprene side chain of the molecule in the δ 5.15 - 5.05 ppm range, where it can be distinguished from other matrix compounds. The method was shown to be of adequate sensitivity with a limit of detection (LOD) of 7.8 mg/L, to control the CoQ10 content in the majority of the products. The precision expressed as relative standard deviation was around 5 %; linearity was observed from 14 to 2000 mg/L (R = 0.99). The developed methodology was applied for the analysis of 21 food supplements (capsules, tablets, and liquid products). On the basis of the labeled amounts, only two products contained substantially lower concentrations of CoQ10 (57 % and 51 %). All other concentrations varied between 83 % and 190 % with respect to labeling. The developed NMR method may be used by quality assurance laboratories for routine control of CoQ10 products.

Coenzyme Q10 and Q9 contents in 6 commercial vegetable oils and their average daily intakes in Korea

This study investigated the concentration of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) and Q9 (CoQ9) in 6 commercial vegetable oils commonly consumed in Korea and estimated the average daily intake of CoQ9 and CoQ10 from oils selected. The analytical method employed saponification before solvent extraction and quantification using high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) with a mass spectrometer (LC-MS). Contents of CoQ9 and CoQ10 in 6 cooking oils varied from 233.7 to 1.4 and from 84.9 to 1.3 μg/g oil, respectively. Maize germ oil was the richest sources of CoQ9 (233.7±8.2 μg/g), while CoQ10 was found the highest contents in perilla oil (84.9±7.6 μg/g). However, the major oil source of CoQ intake in the Korean population was soybean oil (63.0%). The estimated daily intake of total CoQ (Q9+Q10) was 2.92 mg/day/person.

Relationship between sperm cell ubiquinone and seminal parameters in subjects with and without varicocele.

In a previous paper it was demonstrated that Coenzyme Q10, a lipidic molecule with important antioxidant properties, is present at remarkable levels in human seminal fluid, and shows a direct correlation with seminal parameters (sperm count and motility). In patients with varicocele, on the contrary, correlation with sperm motility was lacking and a higher proportion of Coenzyme Q10 was found in seminal plasma. In the present study, the levels of Coenzyme Q10 in the cell pellet of spermatozoa, obtained after centrifugation of semen, were evaluated. In nonvaricocele subjects it was observed that a higher concentration of Coenzyme Q10 (expressed as ng of the molecule per million of cells) was present in the spermatozoa of oligospermic and asthenospermic patients (sperm count < 20 x 10(6) spermatozoa ml-1, sperm motility < 40%). This relationship was not observed in varicocele subjects, who also showed slightly lower intracellular absolute values of the conenzyme. Since Coenzyme Q10 is an antioxidant molecule involved in the defence of the cell from free radical damage, higher intracellular concentrations may represent a mechanism of protection of the spermatozoa. In varicocele patients, this mechanism could be deficient, leading to higher sensitivity to oxidative damage.

Cerebrospinal Fluid (CSF) Concentration of Coenzyme Q10 in Clinical Practice, A Breaking News Finding in Humans

There is significant interest in coenzyme Q10(CoQ10) as a potential treatment for neurodegenerative diseases and in its promise as a neuroprotectant. Experimental studies indicate that CoQ10 can protect against brain disorders by in- hibiting neuronal damage. There is a need to demonstrate CSF levels of CoQ10 in humans. Subjects and Methods: After clearance from the hospital ethical committee, all of the subjects presenting with a suspicion of neurological diseases were asked to give written informed consent for lumber puncture for testing of CSF. CoQ10 con- centration in CSF was examined by HPLC with electrochemical detection system at the Division of Molecular Neuroge- netics, College of Physicians and Surgeons, New York,USA. Clinical and laboratory data were obtained from all of the patients (n=38) to confirm clinical diagnosis. CAT scan of the head was done in all of the patients presenting with seizures and stroke. All CSF specimens were examined for cells, sugar and proteins and those suspected of being contaminated with blood were excluded from study. Results: The age varied between 17 to 60 years and the number of males (n=16) were less than females (n=21). Patients were suffering from epileptic seizures (n=19), tuberculous meningitis (n=5) and stroke (n=4). The rest of the 9 patients presented with headache of non-neurological condition with or without fever. The CSF concentration of CoQ10 was sig- nificantly lower among these subjects; mean ± SD ( 0.59 ± 0.12 ng/ml), which appears to represent the normal level of CoQ10 in healthy subjects. The concentration of CoQ10 in CSF tended to be higher among patients with TBM ( 1.27 ± 0.60 ng/ml), seizures ( 1.26 ± 0.34 ng/ml) and stroke ( 0.83 ± 0.20 ng/ml) compared to subjects without neurological problem. These findings indicate that there is greater release of CoQ10 or increased synthesis in the tissues possibly to fight against oxidative stress caused by brain disorders. Conclusions: This study shows that the level of CoQ10 in the csf is substantially lower than that in serum by three orders of magnitude and tends to be elevated under pathological conditions associated with brain injury. Further studies in a larger number of subjects are necessary to confirm our findings.

Determination of Coenzyme Q9 and Q10 in Developing Palm Fruits

AbstractA series of biochemical changes took place as oil palm fruits developed into maturity. Among these are the active synthesis of glycerides as well as unsaponifiable compounds such as carotenes, vitamin E, sterols and squalene. Coenzyme Q9 and Q10 were found to be present at different stages of the oil palm fruits development. The presence of coenzyme Q9 was detected as early as 4 weeks after anthesis (WAA) and its concentration diminished as the oil palm fruits ripen. Coenzyme Q10 on the other hand, can only be detected from 12WAA onwards and its concentration remained at an elevated level throughout the remaining development period of the oil palm fruits. Their occurrence pattern suggested that there is a strong relationship between the concentration of coenzyme Q9 and coenzyme Q10 with the age of the oil palm fruits.

Coenzyme Q10 in the Human Retina

To determine the concentration of coenzyme Q10 (CoQ10) in the human retina. Eye tissues were lyophilized and exhaustively extracted with heptane. The extracts were analyzed for CoQ10 by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The average concentration of CoQ10 in the retina was 42+/-11 nanomoles/g dry retina for donors younger than 30 years of age and 24+/-13 nanomoles/g dry retina for donors older than 80 years of age. The average concentrations of CoQ10 in the choroid was 27+/-16 nanomoles/g dry choroid for donors younger than 30 age and 18+/-11 nanomoles/g dry choroid for donors older than 80. CoQ10 levels in the retina can decline by approximately 40% with age. This decline may have two consequences: a decrease in antioxidant ability and a decrease in the rate of ATP synthesis in the retina and, as such, this decline may be linked to the progression of macular degeneration.