Market Share Concentration Research Articles

Bridging the socioeconomic gap in E-waste: Evidence from aggregate data across 27 European Union countries

The responsible handling of e-waste has become a critical worldwide concern since, as it is essential for both environmental protection and human health because. This is because it prevents the release of harmful chemicals and reduces the ecological impact associated with the electronic waste disposal. Despite efforts the e-waste collection remains low due to a variety of reasons, including inadequate collection systems and socio-economic disparities. The present study aims to investigate the socioeconomic determinants affecting the level of e-waste in a sample of 27 EU countries for the period 2005–2020. The empirical analysis contributes to the existing literature by estimating the short- and long-term relationship between e-waste collection and corruption, income inequalities, imperfect gas market structures and labor market conditions. For this purpose, the study employs panel data techniques and cointegration analysis. The findings robustly suggest that countries with higher levels of socio-economic justice tend to exhibit higher e-waste collection levels, while the concentration of market share among a few dominant natural gas companies decreases collection levels. Low e-waste collection is also associated with concentrated income in the hands of a few individuals in both the short-and long-run. By advocating for equitable resource allocation and establishing a supportive environment, we can encourage increased levels of e-waste collection. Encouraging gas market entries and discouraging anti-competitive practices through regulatory frameworks is also crucial. Strategies to reduce wealth disparities and promote income equality involve implementing progressive taxation systems, redistributive policies, and inclusive economic development initiatives.

The rise of superstar firms in the United States: The role of global sourcing

Recent trends of global sourcing, market concentration, and aggregate markup have garnered increased attention. This paper examines the impact of global sourcing of inputs on market structure and markup changes in the United States. We develop a theoretical model with heterogeneous firms that suggests only the most-productivity firms will self-select to source inputs overseas, resulting in an increase in the markups and market shares of these leading firms, while lower-productivity firms are crowded out. Based on the theoretical analysis, aggregate markup rises due to both the within-firm markup adjustments and market share concentration among leading firms. We then provide empirical evidence supporting our theoretical predictions, analyzing the effect of imported inputs on markup adjustments, market shares, and industrial markups in the United States over the past four decades. Our results highlight the importance of firms’ self-selection effect in the global sourcing market and its impact on market outcomes. Failing to account for this influencing channel could lead to an underestimation of the contribution of input globalization to the rise of markup and other market consequences.

ТЕНДЕНЦІЇ РОЗВИТКУ ІНФОРМАЦІЙНИХ ТЕХНОЛОГІЙ В МІЖНАРОДНОМУ ТУРИЗМІ В ЕПОХУ ІНТЕГРАЦІЙНИХ ПРОЦЕСІВ

The article considers information technologies, their tendencies and advantages in application in the international tourist business. It is noted that in the era of globalization and integration, the monopolization of the information space has significantly intensified. It is noted that the pace of development of scientific and technological progress contributes to the introduction of information technology through the creation of management information systems and global distribution systems in tourism. At the same time, a financial policy in the field of tourism business is being formed. It is emphasized that globalization at the present stage is inherent in all sectors of the world economy, including tourism. Emphasis is placed on the relationship between informatization, globalization processes and integration in international tourism. Modern globalization processes in international tourism are characterized by the emergence of new technologies, internationalization of business activity, modernization of transport infrastructure, creation of a mechanism for regulating international tourism, concentration of market share and influence in the hands of large companies. The essence and significance of global informatization of tourism business are analyzed. The classification of types of information technologies in international tourism is given and the concept of global distribution systems used in tourism services around the world is given. A systematic analysis of the relationship between the development of informatization and the processes of globalization and integration in international tourism. It is proved that informatization is a component of the process of globalization, and the problem of development and consequences of the introduction of information technology is directly related to techno-globalization, integration and theories of innovative development of the world economy. It is noted that in the formation of competitiveness of the tourist enterprise is possible only at orientation on perspective growing development of technologies which can be carried out only on the basis of integration.

Market Concentration and Performance the Case of the U.S. Airline Industry

This paper investigates the role of market power in the US airline industry and its role in the profitability of the U.S. passenger airline sector. To examine this relationship, we propose a model that includes key financial indicators of airline performance. Our data set includes nine air carrier firms and quarterly data from the first quarter of 1980 through the fourth quarter of 2019. Our empirical findings under three assumptions for unbalanced panel estimation of the proposed regression model confirm that the declining concentration of market share in the industry improves industry competitiveness and contributes to air carrier firms’ profitability.

Regulation, economies of scale and credit Ratings: A puzzle of declining market concentration in the OTC derivatives market

We explore what impact regulatory change had on the over-the-counter (OTC) derivatives market dynamics. We find that despite the increase in regulatory burden and the associated costs of derivative business for broker/dealers, there is no evidence suggesting that the competition in the OTC derivatives business among banks declined, nor that it caused an increase in concentration of market share. In fact, the opposite appears to be the case. We suggest that this can be explained by derivative end-users having to spread their OTC derivative business among a larger number of banks for risk-management reasons.

Mức độ cạnh tranh của thị trường mía đường Đồng bằng sông Cửu Long theo phương pháp phân tích SCP

This paper is aimed to explore the market structure and analyze the competitive process of the sugarcane market in the Mekong Delta. Criteria including barriers to entry, buyer and seller concentration, classification of product quality, and distribution of market information were recruited in the study. SCP approach and descriptive statistics were applied in data analysis. The result of the study indicates that the sugarcane market in the study was competitive. The concentration level of the sugarcane market was rather high; and competition among enterprises were detected, but not too fierce and acrimonious. However, sugarcane traders and wholesalers whose market shares are low were operating their business in a highly competitive market. To sugarcane competitors, the concentration of market share in a certain sugar business cannot be identified; and it is easy for traders to access to market information.

ANALISIS DETERMINAN STRUKTUR, PERILAKU DAN KINERJA INDUSTRI PERBANKAN SYARIAH DI INDONESIA

This study discusses the market structure, conduct, performance (SPK) Islamic banking industry as well as the enforceability SPK Islamic banking industry. Variables include the study of concentration, market share, advertising intensity, the level of financing, financing problems, capital intensity, and the performance of the Islamic banking industry include profitability and operational efficiency, as well as variable dummy macro economic conditions. Source data from the financial statements of Islamic banking, and financial statements of four foreign Islamic banks, namely Bank Syariah Mandiri, Bank Muamalat Indonesia, Bank Mega Sraiah, and BNI Syariah. The technique of multiple regression analysis using panel data. The results showed that the market structure of the Islamic banking industry is an oligopoly 2005-2014 period. But in the meantime, there has been a change in the structure of the full oligopoly (2005-2008), a tight oligopoly (2009-2012) and became a monopolistic competition (2013-2014) due to the emergence of new Islamic banks in 2010 up to 2015 amounted to Islamic banks 12. Determinants of real influence on the market share structure is variable and intensity behavioral advertising. Advertising will increase the intensity and the concentration of market share. Perikalanan intensity intensive Islamic banks classified about 25 percent. That is about a quarter of the income allocated to the cost of promotion and advertising. Advertising intensity can improve the structure and market share. Advertising determinants that influence the behavior of Islamic banks is capital intensity, market share, concentration and interaction of market share, expansion financing and capital intensity. SCP variable relationships in the study of Islamic banking industry in Indonesia were tested empirically is the hypothesis of efficiency. Profit performance of the banking industry was not caused by the structure of sharia concentrated or collusion of the oligopoly but because of its efficiency. Keywords: concentration, market share, promotion intensity, profitability.

Positioning on a Multiattribute Landscape

Competitive positioning is a central, yet understudied, topic in strategy. Understanding positioning requires understanding two distinct mappings: how underlying policies are transformed into positions, and how positions are transformed into market performance. A complete treatment of positioning requires incorporating organizational design in the presence of policy interdependence; consumer choice in the presence of trade-offs among multiple product attributes; and competitive interactions among firms. We develop a model that integrates these elements. We show that in a multiattribute setting, trade-offs have critical, nonmonotonic effects on a range of strategy questions including the relationship between positions that are operationally efficient and those that remain viable in the face of competition as well as the concentration of market share in the industry. Of particular interest are implications for firm heterogeneity. We show that increases in business policy interdependence can decrease positioning heterogeneity among firms in an industry, depending on the nature of trade-offs. We also show that the relationship between strategy heterogeneity and positioning heterogeneity is moderated by the extent of policy interdependence. This paper was accepted by Bruno Cassiman, business strategy.

Competitive Analysis of Selected Housing Finance Institutions in India

The Indian housing finance industry is flooded with a number of players, both big and small. The area covered by these institutions range from government organisations, banks, cooperative societies to specialized Housing Finance Institutions (HFIs). Like any other sector, competition is an inherent aspect of housing finance industry. An estimate of competition needs its measurement so as to assess the efficiency level of different players. It is not only about the market share occupied by the HFIs as well as level of competition pertaining to different activities and also the level of concentration of market share. The present paper attempts to measure the level of competition of selected housing finance institutions in India with the help of Herfindahl-Hirschman Index, popularly known as HH index.

Auditor Size, Market Segmentation and Litigation Patterns: A Theoretical Analysis

We provide a theoretical rationale for the observed audit industry structure where well-capitalized auditors hold an extremely large market share. Our analysis focuses on the economics of trading in an adverse selection market where audit quality is unobservable. We show that concentration of market share can arise even if well-capitalized auditors have no relative advantage with regard to supplying high-quality audits, and that the strategy of attracting a narrow base of high-margin clients is typically unsustainable in rational expectations equilibrium. Other results derived from our analysis of strategic competition for clients also conform (qualitatively) with empirical findings regarding audit fee structures and litigation rates. In particular, we show that better-capitalized auditors get a dominant market share, produce more accurate reports and are more profitable. In addition, we show that the imposition of high minimum standards increases the market power of wealthy auditors, even though smaller auditors can potentially provide the same level of audit quality at lower fees. All these results are demonstrated within a framework that endogenizes both a securities trading market and profit-maximizing auditors who strategically compete for clients.

Current accounting investigations: effect on Big 5 market shares

Arthur Andersen’s conviction and its decision not to audit public firms will transform the Big 5 into the Big 4. Meanwhile, other Big 4 firms face investigations that threaten their future market shares. The article compares the observed post‐scandal shifts in market share with those estimated by a Markov model. It then estimates the year‐by‐year and long‐term market shares that the Big 4 firms would have achieved had they remained untouched by these investigations. The study finds that the absence of Arthur Andersen alone would not have led to excessive market share concentration. It demonstrates how the post‐scandal shifts reveal the impacts of the investigations on the Big 4 firms and provides market share benchmarks against which the firms can evaluate the long‐term effects of the investigations. Finally, the article concludes that a firm’s long‐term gain in market share depends on its ability to retain audit clients.

Managed Care: Past Evidence and Potential Trends

Enrollment in network-based managed care plans has grown rapidly, raising important questions about the actual impact of different types of managed care plans on health care use, expenditure, and quality of care. In this article, we analyze the literature on the performance of managed care plans relative to fee-for-service plans. We find strong evidence that staff- and group-model HMOs have lowered utilization and expenditure relative to fee-for-service while maintaining quality of care. The relatively sparse evidence is more mixed on the performance of newer forms of managed care organizations (MCOs). We also speculate on future trends in network-based managed care. It is likely that employers will increase their economic leverage with managed care firms, accelerating processes that are leading to greater concentration of marketshare among managed care firms. In turn, newer forms of MCOs will increase their economic leverage with providers, which will help MCOs contain costs and monitor quality. Some of the newer MCOs will adapt important features of staff- and group-model HMOs, including increased emphasis on provider selection and reselection.

Antitrust and Merger Policy: A Review and Critique

This review will consider the Department of Justice Merger Guidelines of the 1980s, discussing market definition, market share concentration and entry conditions, consideration of other market characteristics, and cost efficiencies. It will also assess the application of the guidelines in practice. The merger guidelines are certainly not perfect, nor have they been applied perfectly. But they represent an important advance over that which preceded them, and they represent an exceedingly sensible way to think about merger enforcement and especially about market definition in a merger context. Policy has surely improved as a consequence of their development and application.