Lipoprotein Concentrations Research Articles

Moderate associations between the use of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device and metabolomics profile.

Use of levonorgestrel-releasing intrauterine device (LNG-IUD) has become common irrespective of age and parity. To date, only a few studies have examined its possible metabolic changes and large-scale biomarker profiles in detail and in a longitudinal design. To apply the metabolomics technique to examine the metabolic profile associated with the use of LNG-IUD both in a cross-sectional and in a longitudinal design. The study consists of cross-sectional and longitudinal analyses of a population-based survey (Health 2000) and its 11-year follow-up (Health 2011). All participants aged 18-49 years with available information on hormonal contraceptive use and metabolomics data (n=1767) were included. Altogether 212 metabolic measures in LNG-IUD users (n=341) were compared to those in non-users of hormonal contraception (n=1426) via multivariable linear regression models. Participants with complete longitudinal information (n=240) were divided into continuers, stoppers, starters, and never-user groups, and 11-year changes in levels of each metabolite were compared. After adjustment for covariates, levels of 102 metabolites differed in LNG-IUD current users compared to non-users of hormonal contraception (median difference in biomarker concentration: -0.12 SD): lower levels of fatty acids concentrations and ratios, cholesterol, triglycerides and other lipids, as well as particle concentration, cholesterol, total lipids and phospholipids in lipoproteins. The 11-year metabolic changes did not differ in relation to changes in LNG-IUD use. The use of LNG-IUD was associated with several moderate metabolic changes, mostly suggestive of a reduced arterial cardiometabolic risk. Changes in LNG-IUD use were not related to long-term metabolic changes.

Comparison of the Friedewald and Vujovic methods with the calculated LDL concentration in a biochemical auto-analyzer.

To compare the concentration of Low-Density Lipoprotein (LDL-c) obtained using the Friedewald formula with those obtained directly with the RAYTO CHEMRAY 120 autoanalyzer. Cross-sectional study. We evaluated outpatients with a medical request for a lipid profile study (total cholesterol, triglycerides, LDL, and HDL). The analyses were carried out in a RAYTO CHEMRAY 120 autoanalyzer under the principle of spectrophotometry. We obtained LDL-c using the Friedewald and Vujovic formulas. We evaluated 199 individuals whose direct LDL concentration averages were measured by the RAYTO CHEMRAY 120 equipment. Those calculated by the Friedewald and Vujovic formulas were 129.97 ± 32.66, 119.28 ± 30.44, and 127.01 ± 32.01, respectively, and in all cases, significant differences (P < 0.001) were observed with the RAYTO analyzer. In both cases a low positive bias was found with the RAYTO analyzer.. The Passing-Bablok and Deming's regressions showed a linear correlation between both methods (Friedewald and Vujovic) with the LDL values obtained with the Rayto autoanalyzer. Our study found that the Friedewald and Vujovic methods are good predictors of LDL cholesterol levels and have a low level of bias. Therefore, they could be used as potential predictors.

GROWTH PERFORMANCE AND LIPID PROFILE OF ARCHACHATINA MARGINATA (GIANT AFRICAN LAND SNAIL) FED VARYING LEVELS OF RIPE EGGPLANT FRUITS BASED DIETS

The performance of African giant land snails (Archachatina marginata) fed ripe eggplant fruits was studied using eighty-four (84) juvenile (four months old) Archachatina marginata for eight (8) weeks. The study evaluated the snails' growth performance and lipid profile (total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein, high-density lipoprotein and triglycerides). The snails were divided into four treatment groups, with twenty-one (21) snails per group in a completely randomized design (CRD). Treatments 1, 2, 3 and 4 had varying levels of ripe eggplant fruits at 0%, 5%, 10% and 15% inclusion levels respectively. Isocaloric and isonitrogenous feeds and water were provided ad libitum, while other management practices were strictly adhered to. The results showed no significant differences (P&gt;0.05) in growth performance across treatments. The results also revealed that total cholesterol decreased (P&lt;0.05) significantly as the levels of ripe eggplant fruits increased across treatments. There were no significant differences (P&gt;0.05) in low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides, while high-density lipoprotein differed (P&lt;0.05) significantly across treatments. The result also showed a linear increase in high-density lipoprotein ("good" cholesterol) as the levels of ripe eggplant fruits increased across treatments. Therefore, a 15% inclusion level of ripe eggplant fruits in the diet of Archachatina marginata reduces total cholesterol levels and increases high-density lipoprotein without any adverse effect on growth. The study recommends using ripe eggplant fruits to formulate diets for animals with high cholesterol content and high levels of low-density lipoprotein in their meat.

Effects of ethanolic extract of &lt;i&gt;Aristolochia repens&lt;/i&gt; on biochemical and histological changes in high-fat diet and streptozotocin-induced rats

The study evaluated the lipid profile, electrolytes and histological changes in diabetic Wistar rats treated with stem bark extract of Aristolochia repens. Type 2 diabetes was induced in rats with high-fat diet and low dose of streptozotocin (35 mg/kg body weight). A total of thirty-five Wistar rats were fed with high-fat diet for eight (8) weeks, while five (5) Wistar rats (Sham control) were fed with low-fat diet. Non-induced male Wistar rats were treated with distilled water (Sham control); while the induced male Wistar rats were treated with distilled water, metformin (100 mg/kg), 50, 100 and 200 mg/kg ethanolic extract of Aristolonchia repens stem bark for 28 days. The rats were sacrificed; liver, kidney and serum were collected and analyzed for serum glucose, lipid profile, electrolytes and histological changes. Treatment with ethanolic extract of Aristolonchia repens stem bark significantly reduced the body weight, glucose level, total cholesterol concentration, triglycerides, low-density lipoprotein concentration and atherogenic indices. Mild pathological alterations were observed in the liver and kidney of diabetic rats at dosage above 50 mg/kg. However, the extract reduced the blood glucose, lipids and improve the selected electrolyte balance. This study suggests that ethanolic extract of stem bark of A. repens possesses antihyperglycaemia and antilipidaemic potential and might not be safe at dosage above 50 mg/kg.

The Association of High Lipoprotein(a) Concentration and Risk of Ischaemic Stroke in Atrial Fibrillation Patients.

Lipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a well-established risk factor for ischaemic stroke (IS). It is unclear whether Lp(a) is associated with IS in patients with atrial fibrillation (AF). The aim of this study is to explore the association between the concentration of Lp(a) and the risk of IS in AF patients, hope to find the potential risk factor for the IS in AF patients. This study is a retrospective cohort study. The screened AF patients between January 2017 and July 2021 were matched at 1:1 by the propensity score matching (PSM) method in the Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University. Associations between Lp(a) and ischaemic stroke were analysed using logistic regression models, stratified analysis and sensitivity analysis. Statistical analyses were conducted using IBM SPSS software. The number of enrolled participates is 2258, which contains 1129 non-AF patients and 1129 AF patients. Among IS patients, the median Lp(a) concentration was higher than that of controls (17.03 vs. 15.36 mg/dL, P = 0.032). The Spearman rank-order correlation coefficients revealed significant positive relationships between IS and Lp(a) (P = 0.032). In addition, a significant increase in IS risk was associated with Lp(a) levels >30.00 mg/dL in unadjusted model [OR:1.263, 95% CI(1.046-1.523), P = 0.015], model 1 [OR:1.284, 95% CI(1.062,1.552), P = 0.010], model 2 [OR: 1.297, 95% CI(1.07,1.573). P = 0.008], and model 3 [OR: 1.290, 95% CI (1.064, 1.562). P = 0.009]. The stratified analysis indicated that this correlation was not affected by female sex [1.484 (1.117, 1.972), P = 0.006], age ≤ 60 [1.864 (1.067-3.254), P=0.029], hypertension [1.359 (1.074, 1.721), P = 0.011], or non-coronary heart disease (CHD) [1.388 (1.108, 1.738), P = 0.004]. High levels of Lp(a) were significantly related to IS in AF patients and may be a potential risk factor in the onset of an IS in AF patients.

Effect oral administration of saviotan feed on body temperature, HDL, LDL and total protein in Ulu chicks

Currently, the using of tannins as secondary metabolites and active compounds is rising in animal production. The functions of tannins especially extracted from chestnut wood, namely Saviotan Feed (SF) in poultry, especially in Ulu chickens, have not yet been fully determined. The aim of this study was to determine the effect of orally administered SF on some plasma metabolites, including body temperature, low-density lipoprotein (LDL), high-density lipoprotein (HDL), and total protein (TP) concentration. In the study, 40 unsexed Ulu chicks aged 7 days were divided into four groups with different doses orally administered of SF (0%, 0.1%, 0.2%, and 0.3%). The body temperature of the chick was measured at 30, 60, and 120 min. At 120 min after oral administration, the blood samples were collected through the jugular vein, then centrifuges, and then plasma metabolites were analyzed. The results showed that no significant effect of SF on body temperature, LDL, and TP. However, it has a significant effect in increasing HDL concentration, especially SF at low levels. In conclusion, oral administration of SF increased HDL concentration, which is good for supporting health.

Potential effects of sialic acid and 3′-Sialyllactose on intestinal health and anti-cardiovascular disease in mice fed with a high-fat diet

This study investigated the beneficial effects of sialic acid (SA) and 3′-Sialyllactose (3′-SL) on the intestinal and cardiovascular health of mice fed with a high-fat diet. Male C57BL/6J mice were administered 0.9 % NaCl, SA, or 3′-SL by gavage throughout the experiment. After eight weeks, the ability of glucose regulation increased, the blood lipid decreased, the serum inflammatory factors decreased, and the SA content of low-density lipoprotein increased in the intervention groups. Transcriptome analysis of the small intestine and colon revealed gene expression patterns related to digestion, absorption, immunity, and the circadian rhythm. Metabonomic analysis of colon contents corroborated the findings of colonic transcriptomics.. The gut microbiome was characterised by an increase in beneficial bacteria and a decrease in harmful bacteria, which correlated with the blood lipid concentration. This study highlights the potential effects of SA and 3′-SL on intestinal health and anti-cardiovascular disease.

Dietary n-3 alpha-linolenic and n-6 linoleic acids modestly lower serum lipoprotein(a) concentration but differentially influence other atherogenic lipoprotein traits: A randomized trial

Background and aimsLipoprotein(a) [Lp(a)] is a causal, genetically determined cardiovascular risk factor. Limited evidence suggests that dietary unsaturated fat may increase serum Lp(a) concentration by 10–15 %. Linoleic acid may increase Lp(a) concentration through its endogenous conversion to arachidonic acid, a process regulated by the fatty acid desaturase (FADS) gene cluster. We aimed to compare the Lp(a) and other lipoprotein trait-modulating effects of dietary alpha-linolenic (ALA) and linoleic acids (LA). Additionally, we examined whether FADS1 rs174550 genotype modifies Lp(a) responses. MethodsA genotype-based randomized trial was performed in 118 men homozygous for FADS1 rs174550 SNP (TT or CC). After a 4-week run-in period, the participants were randomized to 8-week intervention diets enriched with either Camelina sativa oil (ALA diet) or sunflower oil (LA diet) 30–50 mL/day based on their BMI. Serum lipid profile was measured at baseline and at the end of the intervention. ResultsALA diet lowered serum Lp(a) concentration by 7.3 % (p = 0.003) and LA diet by 9.5 % (p < 0.001) (p = 0.089 for between-diet difference). Both diets led to greater absolute decreases in individuals with higher baseline Lp(a) concentration (p < 0.001). Concentrations of LDL cholesterol (LDL-C), non-HDL-C, remnant-C, and apolipoprotein B were lowered more by the ALA diet (p < 0.01). Lipid or lipoprotein responses were not modified by the FADS1 rs174550 genotype. ConclusionsA considerable increase in either dietary ALA or LA from vegetable oils has a similar Lp(a)-lowering effect, whereas ALA may lower other major atherogenic lipids and lipoproteins to a greater extent than LA. Genetic differences in endogenous PUFA conversion may not influence serum Lp(a) concentration.

Worldwide Increasing Use of Nonfasting Rather Than Fasting Lipid Profiles.

Historically, lipids and lipoproteins were measured in the fasting state for cardiovascular risk prediction; however, since 2009 use of nonfasting lipid profiles has increased substantially worldwide. For patients, nonfasting lipid profiles are convenient and avoid any risk of hypoglycemia. For laboratories, blood sampling in the morning and extra visits for patients who have not fasted are avoided. For patients, clinicians, hospitals, and society, nonfasting sampling allows same-day visits with first blood sampling followed by a short wait for test results before clinical consultation. Therefore, nonfasting compared to fasting lipid profiles will save money and time and may improve patient compliance with cardiovascular prevention programs. We report on the progression of endorsement and implementation of nonfasting lipid profiles for cardiovascular risk prediction worldwide and summarize the recommendations from major medical societies and health authorities in different countries. We also describe practical advantages and disadvantages for using nonfasting lipid profiles. Further, we include a description of why fasting has been the standard historically, the barriers against implementation of nonfasting lipid profiles, and finally we suggest the optimal content of a nonfasting lipid profile. Lipid, lipoprotein, and apolipoprotein concentrations vary minimally in response to normal food intake and nonfasting lipid profiles are equal or superior to fasting profiles for cardiovascular risk prediction. Major guidelines and consensus statements in Europe, the United States, Canada, Brazil, Japan, India, and Australia now endorse use of nonfasting lipid profiles in some or all patients; however, there are still gaps in endorsement and implementation of nonfasting lipid profiles worldwide.

Single Ascending and Multiple-Dose Trial of Zerlasiran, a Short Interfering RNA Targeting Lipoprotein(a)

Lipoprotein(a) is a causal risk factor for atherosclerotic cardiovascular disease (ASCVD) and calcific aortic stenosis, with no pharmacological treatments approved by regulatory authorities. To assess the safety and tolerability of zerlasiran, a short interfering RNA targeting hepatic synthesis of apolipoprotein(a), and effects on serum concentrations of lipoprotein(a). Single- and multiple-dose study in healthy participants and patients with stable ASCVD, respectively, with lipoprotein(a) serum concentrations greater than 150 nmol/L, conducted at 7 research sites in the US, the Netherlands, UK, and Australia between November 18, 2020, and February 8, 2023, with last follow-up on August 23, 2023. Participants were randomized to receive (1) a single subcutaneous dose of placebo (n = 8), zerlasiran 300 mg (n = 6) or 600 mg (n = 6); or (2) 2 doses of placebo (n = 9), zerlasiran 200 mg (n = 9) at a 4-week interval or 300 mg (n = 9) or 450 mg (n = 9) at an 8-week interval. The primary outcome was safety and tolerability. Secondary outcomes included serum levels of zerlasiran and effects on lipoprotein(a) serum concentrations. Among 37 patients in the multiple-dose group (mean age, 56 [SD, 10.4] years; 15 [42%] women), 36 completed the trial. Among 14 participants with extended follow-up after single doses, 13 completed the trial. There were no serious adverse events. Median baseline lipoprotein(a) concentrations in the multiple-dose group were 288 (IQR, 199-352) nmol/L. Median changes in lipoprotein(a) concentration at 365 days after single doses were 14% (IQR, 13% to 15%) for the placebo group, -30% (IQR, -51% to -18%) for the 300 mg of zerlasiran group, and -29% (IQR, -39% to -7%) for the 600-mg dose group. After 2 doses, maximal median changes in lipoprotein(a) concentration were 19 (IQR, -17 to 28) nmol/L for the placebo group, -258 (IQR, -289 to -188) nmol/L for the 200 mg of zerlasiran group, -310 (IQR, -368 to -274) nmol/L for the 300-mg dose group, and -242 (IQR, -343 to -182) nmol/L for the 450-mg dose group, with maximal median percent change of 7% (IQR, -4% to 21%), -97% (IQR, -98% to -95%), -98% (IQR, -99% to -97%), and -99% (IQR, -99% to -98%), respectively, attenuating to 0.3% (IQR, -2% to 21%), -60% (IQR, -71% to -40%), -90% (IQR, -91% to -74%), and -89% (IQR, -91% to -76%) 201 days after administration. Zerlasiran was well tolerated and reduced lipoprotein(a) concentrations with infrequent administration. ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT04606602.

Evaluation of the Therapeutic Impact of Probiotic-Enriched Orange and Pomegranate Juices on Some Health Parameters in Diarrhea-Induced Laboratory Rats

This research endeavor was undertaken to craft a functional beverage by blending orange and pomegranate juices, enriched with the inclusion of therapeutic probiotic strains, specifically Lactobacillus acidophilus, Lactobacillus plantarum, and Lactobacillus rhamanous. A comprehensive assessment was conducted to investigate the physicochemical, microbial, and sensory characteristics of the resulting beverage. Furthermore, we explored the potential health benefits of this fortified beverage within a rat model afflicted with E. coli infection, focusing on its influence on blood parameters and lipid profiles in male rats. The research findings revealed the presence of four distinct bacterial strains, namely Staphylococcus hominis, Staphylococcus aureus, E. coli, and Enterococcus gallinarum, in natural juices obtained from local markets in Tikrit. Regarding the physicochemical properties and bacterial counts in the manufactured juices, the results indicated a decline in pH levels and total sugar content over time, coupled with an increase in total acidity during refrigerated storage of functional juices. Additionally, the enumeration and viability of fortifying bacteria surpassed the prescribed probiotic threshold in the tested juice varieties. Sensory evaluation outcomes demonstrated the overall acceptability of the manufactured juices. The research findings demonstrated that E. coli-induced diarrhea led to a significant elevation (P<0.05) in key blood parameters, including white blood cell and platelet counts (12.63 and 747 mm^3/liter), along with a notable reduction in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentration (6.0 and 13.1 mm^3/liter, respectively). However, oral administration of functional juices resulted in a decrease in white blood cell and platelet counts and an increase in red blood cell counts and hemoglobin concentration across all measured parameters. Regarding lipid profiles, the diarrheal group exhibited elevated levels of detrimental lipid markers, including cholesterol, triglycerides, and low-density lipids (73.59, 71.61, and 14.8, respectively), accompanied by reduced high-density lipoproteins concentration (31.5). Conversely, treatment with oral doses of functional juices led to a reduction in these adverse lipid indicators for all treatment groups.

EFFECT OF WHITE SUGAR, BROWN SUGAR AND JAGGERY POWDER SYRUP ON BIOCHEMICAL AND HISTOPATHOLOGICAL MARKERS OF SPRAGUE-DAWLEY RATS

Hypertension accounts for 10% of the total annual health budget in developed countries.1 By 2025, the number of people living with hypertension is expected to reach 1.56 billion people.2Dietary factors that increase blood pressure (BP) are of interest to public health authorities.3,4Twenty adult male Sprague-Dawley rats were taken. All groups received standard chow ad libitum. Controls (A), received plain drinking water, and the Sucrose treatment rats received 10% sucrose solution prepared daily for 12 weeks. Non-invasive blood pressure was recorded using computer based data recording system power lab model: M-ML 856, Australia with rat tail cuff attachment.Blood samples were collected. Serum aliquots were frozen at ?80°C for: ALT, AST, TG, total cholesterol (TC), and high-density lipoprotein (HDL) were determined using commercial enzymatic methods (CELM diagnosis, São Paulo, Brazil). The concentration of VLDL and low-density lipoprotein was measured. ANOVA and Post-Hoc Tukey tests were applied to determine statistical difference among the study groups. The results showed variable effects on biochemical and histopathological findings in rat liver, kidney and pancreas. The pancreas and kidneys of the rats showed adverse inflammatory histopathological changes maximally in rats taking jaggery syrup (Shakkar) flowed by white sugar and minimal in Shakkar. The adverse effects on liver cells were maximally seen on rats given brown sugar. This study enabled us to better understand the biochemical and histopathological effects of various types of sugars available in Pakistani market in order to create awareness regarding their effects on health.

Prevalence and Physiological Effect of Blastocystis Hominis on Lipid Metabolism, Magnesium, and Zinc Levels in Diarrheal Patients

Blastocystis hominis is a microscopic single-celled organism commonly known as a protist or parasite. It was first discovered in the early 20th century by a Scottish scientist named Alexei Pavlovich Alexeieff. Blastocystis hominis is found in the intestines of humans and other animals, where it can colonize the gastrointestinal tract. The objective of this study was to examine the presence of the Blastocystis hominis parasite in the stool samples of patients experiencing diarrhea and to explore its potential physiological effects. The study involved two groups: 1-the patients group, which consisted of 220 samples who suffered from diarrhea, and abdominal pain and 2-the control group, which consisted of 100 samples of healthy individuals. The age range of participants ranged between 4-40 years. The outcome indicated that the vacuolar form was the most common morphological appearance observed in the stool. The result showed non-significant difference was observed (P&gt;0.05) for all ages. Furthermore, a statistically significant difference (P≤0.05) was observed in the infection rate between males (58.00%) and females (42.00%). The physiological examinations were conducted using Spectrophotometer revealed notable findings. There was a significant increase (P≤0.01) in the levels of cholesterol, low-density lipoproteins-cholesterol (LDL), very low-density lipoproteins (VLDL), and triglycerides (TG), in patients with diarrhea infected with B. hominis compared to the control group. Conversely, concentrations of magnesium, zinc, and high-density lipoproteins (HDL) showed a significant decrease (P≤0.01) in the same patient group compared to the control group.

Atherosclerosis and Vine

In light of today's scientific knowledge about the causes and process of atherosclerosis, how to explain and interpret the fact, seemingly very illogical, that the French do not have a high mortality from coronary diseases caused by atherosclerosis, despite the high fat content of everyday nutrition? Such epidemiological ilogenicity, called the French Paradox, has been attributed to daily, moderate consumption of red wines, which proved correct [2]. It has been proven that the beneficial effects of red wine in the process of preventing atherosclerosis can be attributed to the effects of the polyphenols present, likewise, these effects do not only apply to red wine, but also to other drinks, alcoholic and non-alcoholic, containing polyphenols [3]. Studies conducted on beer consumption have produced similar results. [18] It should be noted that the effect of alcohol is described by the J curve, suggesting that moderate alcohol consumption reduces the risk of atherosclerosis, unlike abstinence and excessive alcohol lovers, where this risk is noticeably higher. This effect of red wine is attributed, among other agents, to a significantly increased concentration of high density lipoprotein (HDL) [4]. The paper discusses the effect of HDL particles on nascent chylomicrons in the lymphoma system, which, by entering the circulatory system, affects possible association with atherosclerosis. After such knowledge of the effects of red wine (polyphenols) on the organism, can it be considered that non-consumption of the same and other polyphenols-containing drinks is a certain risk factor? ( In vino veritas).

Low-Density Lipoproteins Increase Proliferation, Invasion, and Chemoresistance via an Exosome Autocrine Mechanism in MDA-MB-231 Chemoresistant Cells.

Dyslipidemias involving high concentrations of low-density lipoproteins (LDLs) increase the risk of developing triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC), wherein cholesterol metabolism and protein translation initiation mechanisms have been linked with chemoresistance. Doxorubicin (Dox) treatment, a member of the anthracycline family, represents a typical therapeutic strategy; however, chemoresistance remains a significant challenge. Exosomes (Exs) secreted by tumoral cells have been implicated in cell communication pathways and chemoresistance mechanisms; the content of exosomes is an outcome of cellular cholesterol metabolism. We previously induced Dox resistance in TNBC cell models, characterizing a variant denominated as variant B cells. Our results suggest that LDL internalization in parental and chemoresistant variant B cells is associated with increased cell proliferation, migration, invasion, and spheroid growth. We identified the role of eIF4F translation initiation factor and the down-regulation of tumor suppressor gene PDCD4, an inhibitor of eIF4A, in chemoresistant variant B cells. In addition, the exomes secreted by variant B cells were characterized by the protein content, electronic microscopy, and cell internalization assays. Critically, exosomes purified from LDL-treated variant B cell promoted cell proliferation, migration, and an increment in lactate concentration. Our results suggest that an autocrine phenomenon induced by exosomes in chemoresistant cells may induce modifications on signaling mechanisms of the p53/Mdm2 axis and activation of p70 ribosomal protein kinase S6. Moreover, the specific down-regulated profile of chaperones Hsp90 and Hsp70 secretion inside the exosomes of the chemoresistant variant could be associated with this phenomenon. Therefore, autocrine activation mediated by exosomes and the effect of LDL internalization may influence changes in exosome chaperone content and modulate proliferative signaling pathways, increasing the aggressiveness of MDA-MB-231 chemoresistant cells.

Growth performance, plasma metabolites, meat quality, and meat and lipid health indices of New Zealand White rabbits as affected by dietary dried tomato pomace powder supplementation during the summer season.

One hundred and twenty New Zealand White rabbits (NZW) (5-week-old; 735.27 ± 27.23 g) were kept in an open-sided house during the summer season. The experiment aims to evaluate the impacts of dried tomato pomace powder (DTPP) supplementation on rabbits' performance, blood metabolites, carcass traits, meat quality, and lipid and health indices of NZW rabbits during 5-13 weeks of age. The four treatments were a standard rabbit feed (control) and the control diet supplemented with 0.5, 1.0, and 1.5% DTPP, respectively. Rabbits fed a diet containing 1.5% DTPP showed the highest growth rate through weeks 9-13 of age despite having the lowest feed intake spanning 5-13 weeks. The best feed conversion ratio (FCR) was recorded in rabbits fed with 1.5% DTPP-supplemented diet for 5-13 weeks. Diets supplemented with 0.5 or 1.0% DTPP enhanced markedly dressing %, total edible flesh, saturated (SFAs), monounsaturated (MUFAs), and polyunsaturated fatty acid (PUFAs) contents, as well as the ∑n - 6/∑n - 3 ratio and the total n - 6 of meat. Dietary supplementation with DTPP decreased kidney, abdominal, and back fat. Diets supplemented with DTTP decreased total cholesterol, triglycerides, and very low-density lipoprotein (vLDL) concentrations. The greatest levels of linoleic acid, arachidonic and water-holding capacity in meat were observed in rabbits fed 1.5% DTPP-supplemented diets. Diets containing 1 and 1.5% DTPP improved meats' atherogenic and thrombogenic indices, meat lipid quality desired fatty acids/undesired fatty acids ratio, and meat health index. Conclusively, DTPP up to 1.5% maintained the growth performance of rabbits, boosted meat quality through increasing vitamin E, reduced fat deposition, modified fatty acid composition, and improved atherogenic, thrombogenic, and hypocholesterolemic indices of rabbit meat.

Effect of Combined Oral Contraceptive Pills on Established Biomarkers of Lipid Metabolism: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis

Background and aims: Bruton tyrosine kinase inhibitors, such as ibrutinib, are medications that are actively used for Chronic Lymphocytic Leukemia (CLL) and several lymphomas. They work by inhibiting Bruton’s tyrosine kinase therefore affecting B cell proliferation. Ibrutinib itself is associated with multiple cardiotoxicities including atrial fibrillation, ventricular arrhythmias, heart failure, and bleeding. There are well-established studies that show the incidence of atrial fibrillation with ibrutinib therapy. However, only a few reports show an association between ibrutinib therapy and advanced heart block. Methods: A systematic review was carried out involving searching in research databases including PubMed using key search terms. This was followed by a meta-analysis that compared cholesterol, high density lipoprotein, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides in a population taking combined oral contraceptive pills containing ethinyl oestradiol/levonorgestrel at 6 months vs the baseline measurement. Results: Six studies (9 intervention groups), totalling 274 participants were analysed. Hedge’s g for the cholesterol comparison was 0.133 (95% confidence intervals -0.058, 0.324; p=0.173; I2 =74.652), which was not significant. In contrast high density lipoprotein was significantly lower, Hedge’s g -0.546 (95% confidence intervals -0.834, -0.259; p&lt;0.001; I2 =92.546) and lowdensity lipoprotein significantly higher, Hedge’s g 0.248 (95% confidence intervals 0.055, 0.442; p=0.012; I2 =83.116 as were the triglycerides, Hedge’s g 0.667 (95% confidence intervals 0.491, 0.842; p&lt;0.001; I2 =64.627. Conclusion: After 6 months use the combined oral contraceptive pills containing ethinyl oestradiol/levonorgestrel led to a significantly increased concentration of low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides and a significantly lower concentration of high-density lipoprotein. More research is required to investigate whether these changes are associated with an increased risk of cardiovascular disease.

Exploring the effects and possible mechanisms of nutritional selenium nanoparticles on production performance and stress recovery in the Arabian yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus) model

This work examines the impacts of nutritional selenium nanoparticles (SeNPs) on growth, physiological and immunological parameters, antioxidant defense capacity, gene expression, and stress response of fingerling Arabian yellowfin seabream (Acanthopagrus arabicus). SeNPs were added to the basal diet at different dosages of 0 (control), 0.5 (SeNPs-0.5), 1 (SeNPs-1), and 2 (SeNPs-2) mg/Kg diet. The fish with an average weight of 5 ±0.0 g were indiscriminately distributed in 12 tanks (20 fish/ tank) to represent four experimental groups in triplicate that received the diets for 60 days. The results revealed that the SeNPs-1 and SeNPs-2 diets improved growth, feed intake, and feed conversion ratio. Supplemental SeNPs enhanced the expression levels of insulin-like growth factor I, interleukin-1β, and lysozyme genes. Although supplementing SeNPs had no significant effect on superoxide dismutase activity and malondialdehyde concentration, it enhanced the catalase activity in the SeNPs-1 group and the glutathione peroxidase activity in groups supplemented with SeNPs at 0.5 and 1 mg/Kg. The immune parameters improved in fish fed with the SeNPs-1 diet. While SeNPs had no significant impact on plasma total protein, albumin, globulin, alanine aminotransferase, and triglyceride contents in different groups, the SeNPs-1 group had the highest content of plasma high-density lipoprotein and simultaneously the lowest values of cholesterol and low-density lipoprotein. The SeNPs-0.5 and SeNPs-1 diets reduced plasma aspartate aminotransferase content, and the SeNPs-2 diet increased its value. Additionally, SeNPs significantly decreased blood cortisol and lactate levels in fish challenged with acute stress by being confined at the fish density of 200 kg/m3 for 45 min. According to these data, SeNPs at 1 mg/Kg diet is recommended to enhance growth, immunity, and stress resistance in the fish under study.

Effect of dietary electrolyte balance and arginine to lysine ratio on hematological, antioxidant and immunological traits in dual-purpose breeding hens under cyclic heat stress condition

A total of 245 hens and 35 cocks (32 weeks age) were assigned to seven treatment groups (five replicates with seven hens and one cock) to investigate the effect of dietary electrolyte balance (DEB) and arginine to lysine ratio (Arg/Lys) on birds’ physiological and biochemical traits under cyclic heat stress (CHS) condition. Birds were housed in an environmentally controlled facility having four sectors. The first group (positive control, PC) was kept under thermoneutral conditions and fed diet with DEB of 180 mEq and Arg/Lys of 1.25, whereas the other six treatments were kept in the second sector under CHS and fed diet with DEB and Arg/Lys equal to: 180 mEq and 1.25 (negative control, NC); 250 mEq and 1.25; 320 mEq and 1.25; 180 mEq and 1.37; 250 mEq and 1.37; 320 mEq and 1.37, respectively. Hens on NC group had significantly decreased red blood cells (RBCs), white blood cells (WBCs) and its fractions. The groups fed different DEB and Arg/Lys in diet significantly enhanced the blood parameters and plasma lipid profile compared NC group. Hens under CHS fed on 250 and 320 DEB with 1.37 Arg/Lys recorded the lowest concentration of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) compared with the other groups. Triiodothyronine (T3) activity was not differed among groups, while T4 activity in layer exposed to CHS (NC group) recorded the highest activity compared to PC. From findings, it can be concluded that laying hens fed a diet having DEB 250 mEq with 1.37 Arg/Lys could be successfully applied to counteract the adverse effect of CHS and to improve blood hematological and biochemical traits, antioxidants, and immunity response.

SGLT2 inhibition, high-density lipoprotein, and kidney function: a mendelian randomization study.

Sodium-glucose cotransporter 2 (SGLT2) inhibition is recognized for its evident renoprotective benefits in diabetic renal disease. Recent data suggest that SGLT2 inhibition also slows down kidney disease progression and reduces the risk of acute kidney injury, regardless of whether the patient has diabetes or not, but the mechanism behind these observed effects remains elusive. The objective of this study is to utilize a mendelian randomization (MR) methodology to comprehensively examine the influence of metabolites in circulation regarding the impact of SGLT2 inhibition on kidney function. We used a MR study to obtain associations between genetic proxies for SGLT2 inhibition and kidney function. We retrieved the most recent and comprehensive summary statistics from genome-wide association studies (GWAS) that have been previously published and involved kidney function parameters such as estimated glomerular filtration rate (eGFR), urine albumin-to-creatinine ratio (UACR), and albuminuria. Additionally, we included blood metabolite data from 249 biomarkers in the UK Biobank for a more comprehensive analysis. We performed MR analyses to explore the causal relationships between SGLT2 inhibition and kidney function and two-step MR to discover potential mediating metabolites. The study found that a decrease in HbA1c levels by one standard deviation, which is genetically expected to result in SGLT2 inhibition, was linked to a decreased likelihood of developing type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) (odds ratio [OR] = 0.55 [95% CI 0.35, 0.85], P = 0.007). Meanwhile, SGLT2 inhibition also protects eGFR (β = 0.05 [95% CI 0.03, 0.08], P = 2.45 × 10- 5) and decreased UACR (-0.18 [95% CI -0.33, -0.02], P = 0.025) and albuminuria (-1.07 [95% CI -1.58, -0.57], P = 3.60 × 10- 5). Furthermore, the study found that of the 249 metabolites present in the blood, only one metabolite, specifically the concentration of small high-density lipoprotein (HDL) particles, was significantly correlated with both SGLT2 inhibition and kidney function. This metabolite was found to play a crucial role in mediating the improvement of renal function through the use of SGLT2 inhibition (β = 0.01 [95% CI 0.005, 0.018], P = 0.001), with a mediated proportion of 13.33% (95% CI [5.71%, 26.67%], P = 0.020). The findings of this investigation provide evidence in favor of a genetically anticipated biological linkage between the inhibition of SGLT2, the presence of circulating metabolites, and renal function. The findings demonstrate that the protective effect of SGLT2 inhibition on renal function is mostly mediated by HDL particle concentrations in circulating metabolites. These results offer significant theoretical support for both the preservation of renal function and a better comprehension of the mechanisms underlying SGLT2 inhibition.