Linoleic Acid Content Research Articles

Effects of Anemoside B4 on Plasma Metabolites in Cows with Clinical Mastitis.

Anemoside B4 has a good curative effect on cows with CM; however, its impact on their metabolic profiles is unclear. Based on similar somatic cell counts and clinical symptoms, nine healthy dairy cows and nine cows with CM were selected, respectively. Blood samples were collected from cows with mastitis on the day of diagnosis. Cows with mastitis were injected with anemoside B4 (0.05 mL/kg, once daily) for three consecutive days, and healthy cows were injected with the same volume of normal saline. Subsequently, blood samples were collected. The plasma metabolic profiles were analyzed using untargeted mass spectrometry, and the concentrations of interleukin (IL)-1β, IL-6, and tumor necrosis factor-α (TNF-α) in serum were evaluated via ELISA. The cows with CM showed increased concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α (p < 0.05). After treatment with anemoside B4, the concentrations of IL-1β, IL-6, and TNF-α were significantly decreased (p < 0.01). Untargeted metabolomics analysis showed that choline, glycocholic acid, PC (18:0/18:1), 20-HETE, PGF3α, and oleic acid were upregulated in cows with CM. After treatment with anemoside B4, the concentrations of PC (16:0/16:0), PC (18:0/18:1), linoleic acid, eicosapentaenoic acid, phosphorylcholine, and glycerophosphocholine were downregulated, while the LysoPC (14:0), LysoPC (18:0), LysoPC (18:1), and cis-9-palmitoleic acid were upregulated. This study indicated that anemoside B4 alleviated the inflammatory response in cows with CM mainly by regulating lipid metabolism.

Effects of process parameters on recovery and quality of groundnut oil

In the present study effects of particle size and heat treatment on recovery and quality of groundnut oil was determined. Various physico-chemical parameters viz., colour, density, iodine value, peroxide value and saponification value were determined using standard methods. The results revealed that size reduction of groundnut kernels increased the oil yield, but it deteriorated the quality of oil, whereas heat treatment (60°C for 1 h), improved the oil yield as well as quality. The oil yield was highest (48.14%) for finely ground kernels with heat treatment and was lowest for whole kernels without heat treatment (35.20%). The saponification value, iodine and peroxide value of oil extracted from the whole kernels with heat treatment was found to be the minimum 106.34 mg KOH/g, 99.24 mg I2/g oil and 0.65 M eq/kg respectively. The maximum value of oleic acid content and linoleic acid content of 51.39% and 31.44% was found in the oil sample of raw groundnut kernels with heat treatment respectively. It was observed that the groundnut oil extracted fromwhole kernels with heat treatment (60°C for 1 h) is superior in quality in terms of colour, fatty acid composition with a comparatively longer shelf life and resistance to rancidity and oxidation.

Определение содержания масла и основных жирных кислот семян рапса озимого с помощью ИК-спекрометрии

Near-infrared spectroscopy (NIRS) was used to estimate biochemical traits in winter rapeseed seeds. The purpose of the research was to develop graduating models for an IR-analyzer MATRIX-I to determine oil content and contents of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic fatty acids in oil in seeds. The research was conducted in the biochemistry laboratory of V.S. Pustovoit All-Russian Research Institute of Oil Crops, Krasnodar. An object of the research was the seeds of winter rapeseed cultivated in 2015–2022 in the central zone of the Krasnodar region. Oil content was determined on a NMR-analyzer AMV 1006М (Russia). Contents of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic fatty acids in oil were calculated by a chromatographic method on a gas chromatograph “Chromatek-Kristall 5000” on a capillary column SolGelWax 30 m × 0.25 mm × 1.0 µM with automatic dripper of liquid samples DAZh2M. We obtained the best results on quality of the graduating models (root mean square error of prediction, R determination, and a meaning of a residual deviation of prediction for a rank reflected on a diagram) on determination of oil content (RMSEP = 0.36%, R2 = 98.0, and RPD = 7.0); contents of oleic (RMSEP = 0.70%, R2 = 98.6, and RPD = 8.4), linoleic (RMSEP = 0.74%, R2 = 97.3, and RPD = 6.1), and linolenic (RMSEP = 0.28%, R2 = 97.2, and RPD = 6.0) fatty acids. The methodic “Rapeseed 51” for mass studying based on the developed graduating models for determination of oil content, contents of oleic, linoleic, and linolenic fatty acids in oil in unbroken seeds of winter rapeseed for IR-spectrometry in a middle sample (9–20 g) in cuvette with diameter 51 mm was obtained in a program OPUS LAB. This method allows conducting express-estimation of more than 100 samples of winter rapeseed seeds per an operating shift.

Modulation of Murrah Buffalo (Bubalus bubalis) Rumen Functions for In Vitro Fatty Acid Bio-Hydrogenation, Methane Production and Fermentation Pattern of Total Mixed Ration Supplemented with Allium sativum (Garlic) Essential Oils

The potential for plant-origin essential oils to modulate rumen functions for reducing bio-hydrogenation of fatty acids and methane production has been a significant area of research in recent times. This study investigated the effects supplementation of garlic (Allium sativum) essential oils have on in vitro bio-hydrogenation of fatty acids, methanogenesis and fermentation characteristics of total mixed ration in buffalo with the aim of enhancing conjugated linoleic acid (CLA) content in animal products as well as reducing environmental pollution. Allium sativum (AS) essential oils were examined at four levels [0 (Control), 33.33 µL (AS-1), 83.33 µL (AS-2) and 166.66 µL (AS-3) per litre of buffered rumen fluid] in a radio-frequency based automatic gas production system (ANKOM-RF). Two bottles per treatment per run over two incubation runs were undertaken to gain representative results. Oats hay and concentrate mixture (1:1) was used as a substrate (500 ± 5 mg) and incubated with 60 mL of buffered rumen fluid in 250 mL ANKOM bottles fitted with automatic an gas recording system at 39 °C for 24 h, following standard in vitro gas production protocols. The results demonstrated a reduction (p &lt; 0.01) in lipid bio-hydrogenation, measured by lowered saturated fatty acids and enhanced unsaturated fatty acids on the supplementation of AS essential oils, irrespective of the dose levels. Moreover, the increased (p &lt; 0.01) production of trans vaccenic (trans C18:1) acid (TVA) following graded dose supplementations of the AS essential oils increased the production of conjugated linoleic acids (CLA) in animal products. Although, reduced methane production (p &lt; 0.01) was evidenced, the decrease in total gas production and feed digestibility (TDDM) demonstrated the strong antimicrobial properties of AS at all dose levels. The study reveals that the Allium sativam (Garlic) essential oils have the potential to be an agent for the reduction of the rumen biohydrogenation of fatty acids and methanogenesis. However, in vivo examination is necessary to validate the findings and confirm its suitability for use as an additive to enhance nutraceutical and organoleptic properties in animal products.

Construction and Functional Evaluation of CRISPR/Cas9 Multiple Knockout Vectors of the FAD2 Gene Family

Soybean oil is a traditional edible oil. Increasing the oleic acid content is an important direction of soybean breeding. The soybean FAD2 family consists of seven genes that regulate how oleic acid is converted into linoleic acid. Five genes of the soybean FAD2 gene family, GmFAD2-1B, GmFAD2-1A, GmFAD2-2B, GmFAD2-2C, and GmFAD2-2D, were taken as target genes in this study. Firstly, a multivalent CRISPR/Cas9 gene-editing vector was constructed to regulate FAD2 gene expression. Multiple knockout vectors were inserted into the soybean varieties JN38, T6098, and T7010 using Agrobacterium-mediated soybean cotyledon transformation. The functional analysis, agronomic character analysis, and comparison of the mutant lines of the offspring of different genotypes indicated that the JN38 mutant was significantly taller in terms of plant height than the receptor JN38. The fatty acid content of the three groups showed the same trend. The fatty acid contents of mutant plants were higher than those of recipient plants, and the linoleic acid contents of mutant plants were lower than those of recipient plants. The best-performing among the three groups was the JN38 mutant, whose oleic acid content increased from 18.58% to 54.07% and whose linoleic acid content decreased from 57.79% to 26.17%. In conclusion, the knockout expression of multiple FAD2 genes increased the soybean oleic acid content and decreased the linoleic acid content in different receptors.

Comparation Test on High-Quality Flax Resources for Oil and Fiber Production in Kazakhstan

ABSTRACT Oil flax stems are often burnt because of the low fiber content; this issue is especially serious in Kazakhstan. To solve this problem, this study aimed to determine which flax resources could exhibit a significant increase in stem yield without a decrease in seed yield. In a previous study in 2019, we tested seven types of flax stems at the research site of the S. Seifullin KATU campus. Here, a further investigation of the same resources, which was conducted in 2020, is described. According to the results, the UF03, UF05, and UF06 showed higher dynamics of plant height in the budding and blooming stages compared to a local Kazakhstani variety; this result greatly differed compared with the data from 2019. UF03 yielded the best oil quality, especially in terms of the linolenic acid and linoleic acid contents. UF02 had good performance in terms of yield and the largest fat content of all resources. More foreign flax resources should be introduced to improve the development of the flax industry in Kazakhstan.

Genetic analysis of sunflower fatty acids under optimum and water stressed conditions

Abstract In order to study the genetic control of sunflower fatty acids under optimum and water limited conditions a set of 12 sunflower hybrids were evaluated as randomized complete block design with three replications in two separate experiments during two years (2019 and 2020) in Karaj, Iran. The hybrids were obtained by crossing of four male sterile lines and three restorer lines as testers. Water limitation was imposed by water withholding during reproductive stage. Palmitic acid content was governed by both additive and non-additive effects and linoleic acid content by non-additive gene action under optimum and water limited conditions. Stearic acid content was controlled by both additive and non-additive effects in optimum but by additive effects under water limited condition. Oleic acid content was governed by non-additive factors in optimum, while by both additive and non-additive effects in water limited condition. Oil content and leaf temperature were inherited by additive and seed yield by additive and non-additive effects in both conditions. Relative water content and chlorophyll content were controlled by both additive and non-additive effects under optimum but by non-additive effects in water limited condition. According to these results hybrid breeding is suggested for improvement of main sunflower fatty acids under optimum and water limited condition except that selection-based methods for improvement of stearic acid content.

Comparison of the bioactive compounds, phytochemicals, nutrients and sensory properties of cookies prepared using wheat flour and mahaleb seed powders

Total phenolic and flavonoid amounts of cookies enriched with mahaleb seed powders at different concentrations were reported between 40.67 mg GAE/g (4.5 %) and 51.07 mgGAE/g (control) to 12.62 (1.5 %) and 14.05 mg GAE/g (control), respectively. In addition, radical scavenging activities of cookie samples were characterised between 1.24 mmol/kg (4.5 %) and 1.73 mmol/kg (control). The predominant phenolic constituents of cookie samples were gallic acid, 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid, catechin and kaempferol. Gallic acid and 3,4-dihydroxybenzoic acid values of cookies enriched with mahaleb powders were identified between 10.59 (3.0 %) and 13.18 mg/100 g (1.5 %) to 1.67 (1.5 %) and 14.07 mg/100 g (3.0 %), respectively. Oleic and linoleic acid contents of the cookie oils were identified between 28.45 (control) and 30.51 % (4.5 %) to 30.92 (control) and 33.46 (4.5 %), respectively. Palmitic, oleic and linoleic acid were the major fatty acids of cookie oils. The crude protein content of cookie samples were determined between 7.31 (control) and 10.03 % (4.5 %). As can be seen, the increase in mahaleb concentration increased the protein content of the kuki. P and K values of cookie samples were found between 1630.45 (1.5 %) and 1859.20 mg/kg (control) to 901.22 (3.0 %) and 1023.61 mg/kg (1.5 %), respectively.

Replacing Animal Fat with Gels of Psyllium Fiber and Combined Linseed Oil–Psyllium Fiber in Salamis: Impacts on Technological, Nutritional, Oxidative, and Sensory Properties

This study produced two gels: one solely using psyllium fiber (GP) and another combining this fiber with linseed oil (GL+P). Both gels replaced 15% and 30% of the animal fat content of salamis. The objective was to evaluate the impact of this lipid reformulation on the technological, nutritional, oxidative, and sensory properties of the salamis. The lipid reformulation did not alter the evolution of pH and lactic acid bacteria during processing. The addition of GL+P did not interfere with the product’s drying process. However, replacing 30% of animal fat with the GP resulted in greater weight loss and a lower final Aw value. The lipid reformulation minimally affected the color of the salamis but significantly enhanced their nutritional profile. This improvement was marked by a decrease in fat content and an increase in protein. Specifically, in the samples with GL+P, there was a rise in linolenic acid content and a reduction in the n-6/n-3 PUFA ratio. Adding GP did not affect the salamis’ oxidative stability and sensory profile. However, substituting 30% of the animal fat with GL+P increased the TBARS values, and volatile compounds derived from lipid oxidation hampered the products’ sensory profiles. A reduction in these negative effects was observed when replacing 15% of the fat with GL+P, suggesting this to be the ideal dosage for balancing the nutritional benefits with maintaining the product’s oxidative stability.

Research on the Differences in Phenotypic Traits and Nutritional Composition of Acer Truncatum Bunge Seeds from Various Regions.

Acer truncatum Bunge (ATB) is an excellent edible woody oil tree species since it bears a huge amount of fruit and has strong adaptability to be widely cultivated. Selecting an optimal cultivation region for ATB is crucial to improving China's woody oil industrialization. Chemical analysis, correlation analysis, and affiliation function values were used in the present research to systematically analyze the phenotypic traits, organic compound content, and seed oil chemical composition of the seeds of ATB from nine regions. The average contents of oil, protein, and soluble sugar in ATB seeds were 43.30%, 17.40%, and 4.57%, respectively. Thirteen fatty acids were identified from ATB seed oil, the highest content of which was linoleic acid (37.95%) and nervonic acid content was 5-7%. The maximum content of unsaturated fatty acids in ATB seed oil was 90.09%. Alpha-tocopherol content was up to 80.75 mg/100 g. The degree of variation in seed quality traits (25.96%) was stronger than in morphological traits (14.55%). Compared to environmental factors, the phenotypic traits of seeds contribute more to organic compounds and fatty acids. Combining the values of the indicator affiliation functions, Gilgarang, Tongliao, Inner Mongolia was selected as the optimal source of ATB for fruit applications from nine regions.

Total lipid and fatty acids components of some Persian walnut (Juglans regia) cultivars

The world's walnuts (Juglans regia L.) production showed rapid growth from less than one million tons to more than three million tons during 1990–2020. The walnut kernel contains a high amount of fats, proteins, and carbohydrates. In this study, the total lipids, proteins, and carbohydrates contents of four commercial walnut cultivars: Alvand, Chaldoran, Caspian, and Persia, together with two promising genotypes: C-25 and 35t, were compared to cv. Chandler in 2019 and 2020. Based on the results, the average percentage of protein in cultivars in two years varied from 15.00% to 19.27%, the percentage of carbohydrates from 17.40% to 29.10%, and the percentage of total lipids from 50.60% to 70.00%. The fatty acids contents showed that the predominant was linoleic acid ranging from 44.60%-63.09%, followed by oleic acid (12.40%-35.02%), linolenic acid (6.64%-14.97%), palmitic acid (7.04%-8.97%) and stearic acid (2.28%-3.63%). Meanwhile, the nut protein (14.90%-19.86%) and carbohydrate (17.40%-29.10%) showed high variability too. The results showed that among the cultivars/genotypes, the highest amount of protein belonged to promising genotype 35t, and the highest amount of total lipid percentage was observed in cv. Persia, and the highest amount of carbohydrates was related to cv. Caspian. The cv. Chandler had the highest linoleic acid content (60.53%), while the cv. Persia had the lowest amount (46.90%). Analysis of regression between fatty acids components showed a close relationship r2 (0.876) between linoleic acid and oleic acid. The analysis of results in two years regarding the total lipids showed that the effect of the year was more than the genotype. Factor analysis using five fatty acids components showed that the first and second factors demonstrated more than 70% of the total variance. The first factor influenced the oleic acid (-0.978) and linoleic acid (0.941) highly. The loading plot of the first and second factors indicated that the change in oleic acid was opposite to linoleic acid, linolenic acid, and stearic acid. In conclusion, walnut cultivars' fatty acids contents showed significant variability, so Chandler, Chaldoran, and 35t were rich in linoleic and linolenic acids. In contrast, others like Persia and C-25 were rich in oleic acid.

Effect of Dietary Ensiled Olive Cake Supplementation on Performance and Meat Quality of Apulo-Calabrese Pigs

The aim of this study was to evaluate the inclusion of different amounts of ensiled olive cake, a major pollutant from olive oil production, in the fattening diets of 30 Apulo-Calabrese pigs as a strategy to partially substitute the traditional cereal-based diet and improve animal performance and meat fatty acid composition. The animals, during a fattening period of 120 days, were fed with three dietary treatments containing increasing levels of ensiled olive cake: 0% (C), 20% (OC20) and 40% (OC40) on dry matter. No effect of the dietary treatment was found on the animal performance and proximate meat analysis results. The inclusion of ensiled olive cake in the diet led to differences in the fatty acid (FA) profile of intramuscular fat, with a higher proportion of monounsaturated fatty acid (MUFA; p &lt; 0.001) and oleic acid (C8:1n-9, p &lt; 0.001) and a lower concentration of polyunsaturated (PUFA, p &lt; 0.001) and linoleic acid (C18:2n-6, p &lt; 0.001). In conclusion, the supplementation of ensiled olive cake at up to 40% in the diets of fattening pigs could represent a useful strategy in Mediterranean areas to naturally improve the nutritional value of meat and valorise a by-product of the olive industry, reducing its environmental impact and promoting the exploitation of this local feed resource according to the principles of the circular economy.

Fatty acid composition of cow milk when activated zeolite and probiotics are included in their diet

Relevance. The biosynthesis of milk fat is influenced by a large number of factors, including the feeding habits of animals.Methods. Milk samples were taken and prepared for analysis according to GOST 26809.1-2014. The fatty acid composition of the fatty phase of milk was determined by gas chromatography in accordance with GOST 32915-2014 on a gas chromatograph «Crystallux 4000M», capillary column SP2560.Results. Significantly the lowest content of stearic acid was observed in individuals of the second group — 11.362% (p ˂ 0.05). Animals of the second group had a significantly higher mass fraction of monounsaturated fatty acids: decenoic, myristooleic and palmitooleic — by 0.062% (p ˂ 0.05), and in terms of the content of myristooleic and palmitooleic acids — by 0.242% (p ˂ 0.05) and 0.159% (p ˂ 0.05), respectively. In animals of the second group, the content of polyunsaturated linoleic acid compared with the control was significantly lower by 0.385% (p ≥ 0.05). In general, it should be noted that the established mass fraction of stearic acid in the milk fat of animals of the third group was slightly higher, and palmitooleic acid in the milk of cows of all groups was slightly lower than the reference values provided for by GOST 32915-2014. The ratio of fatty acid methyl esters of milk fat in individuals of all groups corresponded to the permissible range of values according to GOST 32261-2013.

DETERMINATION OF FATTY ACIDS AND VITAMINS IN THE ACANTHOPHYLLUM PUNGENS PLANT COMPOSITION

This article presents the results of the quantitative determination of fatty acids and vitamins, contained in Acanthophyllum pungens plants, belonging to the Caryophyllaceae family growing in Khantagi, located near the city of Kentau, Turkestan region. As a result of gas chromatography of fatty acids, obtained as a result of studies of plant materials, it has been found that Acanthophyllum pungens contains 87% of unsaturated fatty acids, and 13% of saturated fatty acids. Saturated fatty acids: myristic, palmitic, stearic, pentadecanoic acids, while unsaturated fatty acids: palmitic, oleic, linoleic, and linolenic acids. As a result of quantitative analysis, it has turned out that oleic and linoleic acids are contained in large quantities, and the content of linolenic acid is much lower. It has been established that the plant Acanthophyllum pungens contains water-soluble B3-nicotinic acid, B5-pantothenic acid, B9-folic acid and vitamins A, C, E. It has also been found that the relatively high content of vitamin B5 (pantothenic acid), and the content of vitamins B6, B1, B2 and D are absent altogether. The phytochemical studies of the aboveground part of the Acanthophyllum pungens plant collected during the budding phase have been carried out in accordance with the methodological recommendations of the State Pharmacopoeia of the Republic of Kazakhstan. Using Clarus-600 gas chromatography, the amount of fatty acids (high-carbon acids) contained in the Acanthophyllum pungens plant has been determined. A qualitative analysis has been carried out by paper chromatography (PC) and gas-liquid chromatography (GC). A certain amount of vitamins and fatty acids of the Acanthophyllum pungens plant has been recommended for the first time.

Nutritional composition, antioxidant activity and gossypol level of Nazilli glandless cottonseed, cottonseed kernel and their cold-pressed meal

BackgroundThe study was conducted to determine the nutrient composition and gossypol levels of glandless cottonseed (GCS), glandless cottonseed kernel (GCSK) glandless cottonseed meal (GCSM) and cottonseed kernel meal (GCSKM) obtained by cold pressing of cotton seeds and kernels (Glandless Nazilli variety) as a raw material of compound feed industry.ResultFeed and dry matter (DM)-based nutrient analyses showed significant differences (p < 0.05) in DM, OM (organic matter), CP (crude protein), EE (ether extract), ash and NFE (nitrogen-free extract) contents between GCS and GCSK. The DM-based K, P, S, Mg, Ca, Na, Fe, Cu, Zn and Al contents were significantly different (p < 0.05) between GCS and GCSK. The concentrations of nonessential heavy metals (Cd, Pb, Ni and Al) in GCS, GCSK, GCSM and GCSKM samples were below the permissible limits. The linoleic acid (C18:2; ω6) was the main component (55.55%) among the 20 fatty acids identified in GCS oil. The level of unsaturated fatty acids (70.78%) was higher than that of saturated fatty acids (29.22%). Total phenolics concentrations of GCS, GCSK, GCSM and GCSKM samples were 7.87, 2.18, 5.86 and 1.91 mg gallic acid equivalents (GAE)/g, respectively. Free and total gossypol levels of GCS and GCSK were 294 and 440, and 521 and 706 mg/kg, respectively.ConclusionThe results revealed that nutritional properties of Nazilli GCS with low gossypol and high linoleic acid content were relatively higher compared to the other meals investigated. The antioxidant activity of phenolic compounds, albeit at low levels in Nazilli GCS and GCSM, may contribute to animal health and production efficiency when used in animal rations.

Changes in bioactive compounds present in beef burgers formulated with walnut oil gelled emulsion as a fat substitute during in vitro gastrointestinal digestion.

The partial or total substitution of animal fat by a gelled emulsion elaborated with cocoa bean shell and walnut oil in beef burgers was assessed in terms of bioactive compounds stability (polyphenolic and methylxanthines compounds, and fatty acid profile); bioaccessibility, and colon available indices as well as lipid oxidation after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion (GID). After GID of reformulated beef burgers no free polyphenolic compounds were detected in the soluble fraction, while in the bound fraction a reduction, with respect to the undigested sample, from 47.57 to 53.12% for protocatechuic acid; from 60.26 to 78.01% for catechin, and from 38.37 to 60.95% for epicatechin were obtained. The methylxanthines decreased significantly their content after GID. Thus, theobromine content fell between 48.41 and 68.61% while caffeine content was reduced between 96.47 and 97.95%. The fatty acid profile of undigested samples was very similar to that of digested samples being in the control burger oleic acid (453.27 mg g-1 ) and palmitic acid (242.20 mg g-1 ) the predominant fatty acids, whereas in reformulated burgers a high content of linoleic acid (304.58 and 413.35 mg g-1 ) and α-linolenic acid (52.44 and 82.35 mg g-1 ) was found. As expected, both undigested and digested reformulated samples presented a higher degree of oxidation than the control sample. The reformulated beef burgers with cocoa bean shells flour and walnut oil were a good source of bioactive compounds, which showed good stability after in vitro gastrointestinal digestion. This article is protected by copyright. All rights reserved.

Age-related changes in adipose tissue metabolomics and inflammation, cardiolipin metabolism, and ferroptosis markers in female aged rat model

Aging adipose tissue exhibits elevated inflammation and oxidative stress that are major sources of age-related metabolic dysfunction. However, the exact metabolic changes associated with inflammation and oxidative stress are unclear. To address this topic, we assessed variation in metabolic phenotypes of adipose tissue from 18 months adult sedentary (ASED), 26 months old sedentary (OSED), and 8 months young sedentary (YSED). The results of metabolomic analysis showed that ASED and OSED group had higher palmitic acid, elaidic acid, 1-heptadecanol, and α-tocopherol levels than YSED, but lower sarcosine levels. Furthermore, stearic acid was specifically elevated in ASED compared with YSED. Cholesterol was upregulated specifically in the OSED group compared with YSED, whereas linoleic acid was downregulated. In addition, ASED and OSED had more inflammatory cytokines, lower antioxidant capacity, and higher expression of ferroptosis-related genes than YSED. Moreover, mitochondrial dysfunction associated with abnormal cardiolipin synthesis was more pronounced in the OSED group. In conclusion, both ASED and OSED can affect the FA metabolism and increase oxidative stress in adipose tissue, leading to inflammation. In particular, linoleic acid content specifically decreases in OSED, which associated with abnormal cardiolipin synthesis and mitochondrial dysfunction in adipose tissue.

The Effect of Crackers Enriched with Camelina Sativa Oil on Omega-3 Serum Fatty Acid Composition in Older Adults: A Randomized Placebo-Controlled Pilot Trial

BackgroundCamelina sativa oil is one of the richest dietary sources of omega-3, with polyunsaturated fatty acids amounts of over 50%, linolenic acid content of around 40–45%, and linoleic acid of about 15%. Moreover, this oil is a valuable source of antioxidants which provide oxidative stability. All those features raise interest in considering Camelina oil as an alternative and sustainable oil source providing stable omega-3-rich emulsions for functional food production.ObjectivesThe present study aimed to investigate the effects of Camelina oil-enriched crackers on serum omega-3 concentration, inflammatory markers and serum lipid profile.DesignRandomized placebo-controlled pilot trial. Setting: Research and Development Center (Complife Italia s.r.l.).ParticipantsSixty-six free-living older volunteers (aged≥65 years).InterventionOlder adults were enrolled and randomly assigned to one of two groups: the camelina group or the placebo group. Subjects consumed daily 35 g of crackers (Camelina enriched crackers or placebo ones) twice daily for 12 weeks.MeasurementsSerum polyunsaturated fatty acid profile, inflammatory status and serum lipid panel parameters were recorded pre and post-intervention.ResultsIn the camelina group, alpha-linolenic acid serum concentration was significantly higher (p<0.01) compared to the placebo group at the end of the study. Concerning inflammatory plasma markers, a significant mean pro-inflammatory interleukin-18 plasma concentration decrease in the placebo group compared to the camelina one was observed (p<0.05). No significant differences in other mean inflammatory markers concentrations post-intervention were noted in either group. Lastly, examining the change in lipid profile, it is noteworthy that a higher reduction of total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein and triglycerides in the camelina group postintervention, despite the lack of statistical significance.ConclusionCamelina oil significantly elevated the serum alpha-linolenic acid concentration with no significant changes in inflammatory markers and lipid profile.

The Ru−Ni bimetallic catalyst activated by high-voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) and application in the isomerization of grape seed oil

Grape seed oil, as a high-linoleic acid type, can be used for the production of conjugated linoleic acid, which cannot be synthesized by the human body, through isomerization under the action of catalysts. Improving the activity of the catalyst is an effective way to obtain conjugated linoleic acid-rich edible oils. In this study, the Ru−Ni bimetallic catalyst was activated by high-voltage atmospheric cold plasma (HVACP) catalyst modification. The results showed that the specific surface area, pore size distribution, and average particle size of the Ru−Ni bimetallic catalyst were enhanced when the treatment condition was 180 s, the power at both ends of the plate was 150 W, and the gas composition was 5% H2/95% He. The catalyst characterization showed that the dispersion of the HVACP-treated Ru−Ni bimetallic catalyst was enhanced, which elevated the catalytic performance of the catalyst. Linoleic acid in grape seed oil was isomerized by the HVACP-treated Ru−Ni bimetallic catalyst, and grape seed oil rich in conjugated linoleic acid was obtained. The conjugated linoleic acid content, trans oleic acid content, peroxide value, and p-anisidine value were 42.52%, 0.63%, 5.01 mmol kg−1, and 12.41, respectively. Quantum chemical analysis further predicted the reaction sites and clarified the rationality of the isomerization reaction. This method provided a scientific basis for producing high-quality functional oils.

Fatty acids and mineral composition of seed oils extracted from different Rosa L. taxa

In the study, the macro and micro elements and fatty acid contents in rose seeds, which are generally evaluated in the waste category, were determined. Among the plants belonging to these taxa, only the registered varieties belonging to four taxa were used, while the others were genotypes. The plant materials of the study include rosehip (R. canina L.), Yildiz variety of rosehip (R. canina L. cv ‘Yildiz’), Syrup rose (R. heckeliana Tratt. subsp. vanheurckiana), Austrian briar (R. foetida Herrm.), lax rootstock [R. caesia Sm. (Syn: R. laxa Retz.)], wild rose [R. montana subsp. woronovii Chaix subsp. woronovii (Lonacz) Ö. Nilsson L.], hybrid landscape roses (R. x hybrida) and Hosap rose [R. pisiformis (Christ) D.] taxa. It was determined that the contents of nitrogen, potassium, phosphorus, magnesium and calcium of the macro elements examined in the seed samples differed statistically from each other. The seeds of different Rosa L. species examined within the scope of the research can be considered as one of the fruit oil sources with its 3.71-10.01% oil content. The fatty acid contents were determined as follows: linoleic acid (ω6) contents in the taxa ranged from 41.63 to 50.11% with an average of 44.88%; oleic acid (ω9) ranged from 20.80 to 30.27% with an average of 24.95%; linolenic acid (ω3) varied between 14.00-28.51% with an average of 19.20%; arachidic acid ranged from 0.75-1.63% and the average was 1.97%; eicosenoic acid ranged between 0.13-0.65% and averaged 0.33%; palmitoleic acid contents ranged from 0.08-0.60; behenic acid varied between 0.08-0.19% with 0.11% average. It was observed that the (ω3/ω6 ratio of the hybrid rose, which is especially used as a landscape rose and whose fruits are not evaluated, had an average value. R. canina ‘Yildiz’ cultivar showed a high (ω3/ω6 ratio, which is important in health terms. The high oleic acid contents found in these taxa are important results.