Er2O3 Concentration Research Articles

Unveiling the potential of PVA-Er2O3 films for superior optical, electrical, mechanical, and thermal applications

This study explores the enhancement of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) films by incorporating erbium oxide (Er2O3) nanoparticles using the casting solution method. We investigated the structural, optical, electrical, dielectric, and mechanical properties of PVA-Er2O3 nanocomposite films with varying Er2O3 concentrations (2.5, 5, 7.5, and 10 wt%). Structural analyses confirmed successful nanoparticle integration. Optical measurements revealed reduced transparency and bandgap, alongside increased refractive index. Electrical conductivity showed significant improvement with Er2O3 inclusion. Dielectric properties demonstrated enhanced performance, with frequency-dependent studies and Argand plot analysis providing insights into charge transport and relaxation mechanisms. Mechanical testing indicated increased tensile strength and Young’s modulus, with the 10 wt% nanocomposite showing comparable performance to pure PVA. These findings highlight the potential of PVA-Er2O3 films for advanced applications in electronics, sensors, and energy storage systems.

New Er3+-doped gadolinium borogermanate glasses for optical telecommunication

New Er3+-doped gadolinium borogermanate glasses were synthesized to investigate their physical, structural, optical, and luminescence properties in this work. The influence of Er2O3 concentration on those properties were studied to determine the optimum glass composition for photonics material. Glass density, molar volume, refractive index, polarizability, and field strength increase, while Er3+ inter-ionic distance decreases via adding Er2O3 concentration. From XRD and FTIR results, the tetrahedral BO4 and trigonal BO3 borates are the main structural units those connect in amorphous nature to form as a glass network. Glasses absorb the photons in ultraviolet, visible light and near-infrared region under Er3+ transitions. Glasses generate the strong infrared emission around 1.5 μm under the 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition of Er3+ ion. The 3.0 mol%-Er2O3 doped glass performs the highest emission intensity due to the concentration quenching effect. The luminescence decay time is shortened from ∼0.8 to ∼0.4 ms by adding Er2O3 content. Judd-Ofelt and MacCumber analysis indicate high potential of glass for using as an optical amplifier in telecommunication applications, due to its large luminescence bandwidth.

Exploring the optical properties of the 1.53 μm emission in Er3+-doped glass, anti-glass and ceramic in TeO2 - Ta2O5 – Bi2O3 system

A series of 80TeO2 - 10Ta2O5 – 10Bi2O3 glasses, anti-glasses and ceramics doped with different concentrations of Er₂O₃, ranging from 0.25 % to 2 % mol, were synthesized to explore their structural transformation and optical properties. The maximum solubility of Er₂O₃ was identified at 1.25 % mol, beyond which the glass transitioned from an amorphous to a crystalline structure. The anti-glasses and ceramics obtained from the heat treatment of the parent glasses were also studied to gain insights into their optical properties. This study reveals a direct relationship between Er3+ ions concentration and full width at half maximum (FWHM) of photoluminescence spectra. The increase in Er3+ ions concentration correlates with a rise in FWHM, indicative of spectral broadening. Anti-glass exhibits a higher emission intensity, followed by ceramic and then glass, reflecting their distinct structural properties. Anti-glass doped with 1 % mol Er2O3 shows an FWHM over 130 nm under 578 mW pumping. The lifetime of the excited state 4I13/2 increases with the Er2O3 content in the anti-glass and the ceramic, with a notable decrease at 1 % mol Er2O3 ions for both materials, while in glass, the decrease is observed at 0.5 %. Emission cross-sections decrease with increasing Er3+ ions concentration and power, influenced by factors like thermal effects and saturation. The Judd-Ofelt theory highlights structural differences, with glasses having a more disordered structure and with an increase in the Ω₆ parameter across all materials, implying enhanced electric dipole line strength and spontaneous emission probability with higher Er₂O₃ content. Overall, this comprehensive study provides valuable insights into the optical behavior of Er3+ ions in these materials, essential for applications in laser design and optical amplifiers.

Fabrication and properties of pink 3 mol% yttria‐stabilized zirconia ceramics with high toughness

AbstractTo broaden the applications of yttria‐stabilized zirconia (YSZ) in mobile phone back panels and high‐end decorative materials, the 3 mol% YSZ (3YSZ) ceramics doped with erbium oxide (Er2O3) as colorant were successfully sintered at 1250 and 1350°C in air. The influences of Er2O3‐doping concentration and sintering temperature on the phase, microstructure, color, and mechanical properties of the pink Er2O3‐3YSZ ceramics were investigated. As the Er2O3 concentration increased, the redness value a* gradually increased, while the yellowness value b* and the lightness value L* gradually decreased. The highest value a* and b* of Er2O3‐3YSZ ceramics reached absolute values of 15.2 and 4.5, respectively. The effect of Er2O3 concentration is also depicted in detail, which also affects the mechanical properties including hardness and fracture toughness of the ceramics. The maximum hardness and fracture toughness of Er2O3‐3YSZ ceramics reached 13.9 ± 0.3 GPa and 6.21 ± 0.20 MPa·m1/2, respectively. The hardness of the ceramics exceeds 12.5 GPa, which is the required market index for further practical application. This work provides a method for preparing 3YSZ ceramics with excellent mechanical properties and bright pink color, which has the potential to be used in the fields of advanced and superior electronics in particular.

Downconversion luminescence studies in Er3+ activated P2O5 + Gd2O3 + NaF + AlF3 glasses for 1.54 μm NIR laser applications

A series of PGNAEr:(60-x)P2O5 + 7Gd2O3 + 25NaF + 8AlF3 + xEr2O3 (here, x = 0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0 and 4.0 mol%) glasses have been successfully fabricated using the melt quenching technique. X-ray diffractometer has been used to study the amorphous-like structure of the PGNAEr glasses. Spectral measurements of optical absorption and excitation of PGNAEr glasses are studied in both visible and near-infrared wavelength range. The density (2.87–3.16 (g/cm3)) and refractive index (1.535–1.544) are found to increase with Er2O3 concentration, and the absorption spectrum of PGNAEr20 glass plays a vital role in evaluating Ωλ (λ = 2, 4, 6) and laser parameters. The down conversion emission process of PGNAEr glasses is examined in the near-infrared (1400–1700 nm) range upon the radiations at 522 nm (visible) and 980 nm (near-infrared) wavelengths. The emission at 1.54 μm (1545 nm) is observed to be enhanced by a factor of 7 when excited at 522 nm compared to the 980 nm laser source. The observed near-infrared emission from the PGNAEr glass system covers the C + L (1530–1600 nm) bands and third telecommunication window (1440–1530 nm). Using the McCumber’s theory, the emission cross-section is calculated to be around 4.20 × 10−20 cm2 from the absorption cross-section of 2.70 × 10−20 cm2 for the PGNAEr glass system. The calculated gain bandwidth (636 × 10−28 cm3) and gain cross-section (6.93 × 10−21 cm2) indicate that PGNAEr glasses are a promising candidate for optical gain media in the 1.54 μm wavelength region.

Structure and chemical durability improvement of alkali silicate glass by zirconium dioxide and erbium oxide addition

Glass structure tailoring of alkali silicate glasses by addition of ZrO2 and Er2O3 is found to enhance the chemical durability of glasses. ZrO2 (x ranged between 5 mol% to 15 mol%) and Er2O3 (y ranged between 0.5 mol% to 1.5 mol%) were used to replace SiO2 and Na2O, respectively, in the glasses with the nominal composition of 10Li2O-(15-y)Na2O-10CaO-(65-x)SiO2-xZrO2-y Er2O3. The samples were prepared by conventional melt quenching technique. The structures of produced glasses were examined by X-ray absorption spectroscopy (XAS) and Raman spectroscopy. XAS spectra demonstrated that the oxidation numbers of Zr and Er ions were +4 and +3, respectively. The chemical environment around both cations was six-fold coordination. In addition, Raman spectra demonstrated that the Zr4+ ions formed the Q4(Zr) structure, which caused the reduction of non-bridging oxygen. In case of the Er3+ ions, the formation of the Si-O-Er bonds was explained from the Raman study. The chemical durability of glass was determined from Na+ ions leaching values. In pH 7 solution, the leached Na+ ions reduced from 25.67% to 21.43% and from 22.50% to 20.49% as a function of concentration of ZrO2 (x = 5 mol% to 15 mol%) and Er2O3 (y = 0.5 mol% to 1.5 mol%), respectively. As the results, the chemical durability of the ZrO2-containing and Er2O3-containing glasses were significantly improved due to charge compensated mechanism and enhancing network rigidity by increasing cation field strength. Moreover, the micro-hardness (580 HV to 837 HV) and density (2.54 g⸳cm-3 to 2.82 g⸳cm-3) also displayed an increased tendency with larger concentration of ZrO2 and Er2O3.

A comprehensive microstructural and transmission analysis on oxide dispersion-strengthened (ODS) alloys: Impact of erbium oxide (Er2O3) concentration on physical, structural, gamma-ray, and neutron attenuation properties

This study explores the impact of integrating varying concentrations of Erbium Oxide (Er2O3) into Oxide Dispersion Strengthened (ODS) alloys, specifically focusing on gamma-ray and neutron attenuation properties. Utilizing a 316L stainless steel matrix, Er2O3 was methodically incorporated in concentrations ranging from 1 % to 21 % by weight. The structural and radiation attenuation properties of the resultant alloys were comprehensively analyzed using techniques such as X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning Electron Microscopy (SEM), and experimental gamma-ray transmission studies. The results demonstrate a significant enhancement in gamma-ray shielding with increased Er2O3 content. This enhancement is quantitatively evidenced by increased linear attenuation coefficient, elevated effective Electron Density (Neff), reduced Half-Value Layers (HVL), and higher effective atomic numbers (Zeff). These findings are crucial for nuclear applications where efficient gamma-ray shielding is paramount. Conversely, a decrease in the effective removal cross section (ΣR) for neutron attenuation was observed with higher Er2O3 concentrations. This suggests a potential compromise in neutron shielding efficiency, attributed to the dilution of neutron-absorbing base elements in the alloy. Additionally, the study reveals notable changes in the microstructural properties of the alloys, including alterations in particle size, distribution, and agglomeration, influenced by varying Er2O3 concentrations. In conclusion, this research provides valuable insights into the design of ODS alloys for nuclear radiation shielding, highlighting the balance between gamma-ray attenuation and neutron shielding properties. The study's findings contribute to the development of advanced materials for safer and more efficient nuclear technology applications.

Broadband 2.85 μm Luminescence Properties of Er3+/Dy3+ Co-Doped Fluorotellurite Glass

TeO2-BaF2-Er2O3-Dy2O3 laser glasses were prepared using the melt-quenching method. The bound water that can capture the excited state energy was reduced by physical and chemical methods. We did not observe a significant Er3+ emission peak at 2.7 μm in fluorescence spectra, which may be due to the efficient energy transfer process (ET2). Meanwhile, we found a broadband gain span of approximately 400 nm in fluorescence spectra at the 2.85 μm band, attributed to the ‘vector summation’ of the energy level radiation transition and the change of the glass network. Subsequently, we explored the structural properties of the glass. The results indicated that the Gaussian peak located at 250 cm−1 drifts toward 370 cm−1, which may be caused by the fracture or recombination of Te-O-Te and a decrease in the bridge oxygen content with the increasing concentration of Er2O3. The topology cage structure around the luminescence center of rare earth ions is changed and the stability of the optically active center is enhanced, finally contributing to the enhancement of luminescence. Meanwhile, the maximum σemi and gain coefficient of Dy3+ reach up to 7.22 × 10−21 cm2 and 7.37 cm−1, respectively. The comprehensive results show that the fluorotellurite glass designed in this study is expected to be a gain medium for mid-infrared lasers in remote sensing monitoring, military, and other fields.

Broadband 1.53 μm Emission and McCumber Analysis of Er3+ Doped Alkali Oxyfluorophosphate Glass for Fiber Optic Communication Material

Er3+ doped alkali oxyfluorophosphate glasses were prepared by the melted quenching method and characterized their optical and photoluminescence properties. Firstly, the chemical compositions of glasses were varied by changing alkali fluoride (LiF and NaF), whereas the concentration of Er3+ was fixed at 1.00 mol%. The optical absorption pattern and intensity were resemblance. Broadband 1.53 μm emission was one prominent peak of Er3+ in glass and the highest emission intensity was obtained for NaF glass under the stimulating at 521 nm. Secondly, the NaF glass was prepared by variation of Er3+ concentration (0.1, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, and 4.0 mol%). The emission intensity of glasses increases with an increase in Er2O3 concentration up to 2.00 mol% and decreases for higher Er2O3 concentration, because of the concentration quenching effect. Broadband emission was observed that it covers three telecommunication windows: S, C, and L bands. The absorption and emission cross-section of 2.00 mol% of Er3+ doped alkali oxyfluorophosphate were found to be 1.3895 x 10−20 cm2 and 1.7248 x 1020 cm−2 , respectively by using the McCumber theory. Both values led to the estimate of the internal gain coefficient for 4I13/2→4I15/2 emission transition. The gain coefficient is positive when P is higher than 40%. All results point out that Er3+ doped alkali oxyfluorophosphate glass could be useful for fiber optic communication material.

Effect of Er2O3 and gold nanoparticles on luminescence behavior of borosilicate glasses for gain bandwidth on telecommunication material application

Effect of Er2O3 and gold nanoparticles on luminescence behavior of borosilicate glasses have been investigated. The chemical compositions of SiO2, B2O3, Al2O3, CaO, Sb2O3, Na2O, K2O, Er2O3 and AuNPs were synthesized by traditional melting and quenching technique and the physical, optical and luminescence properties of the borosilicate glasses were measured. The results showed that the density, molar volume, and refractive index also increased with increasing Er2O3 concentration. The optical absorption spectra of glasses were measured in the range of 200–2000 nm. The surface plasmon resonance of AuNPs peaks are activated at 522 nm resonating with radiative transitions of Er2O3 ions. The intensity of absorption spectra increased with the increasing concentration of Er2O3 content in the sample while the intensity of glass samples doped with AuNPs show higher than without AuNPs. The emission spectra in visible region showed peaks at 535, 560 nm and 661 nm. These peaks correspond to the transition from 4I15/2 → 2H11/2, 4S3/2 and 4F9/2 states under 380 nm excitation. The near-infrared region also exhibited a broad peak at 1547 nm originating to 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition of Er3+ ions. In addition, the luminescence of Er3+ ions enhanced by addition of AuNPs observed in visible range, but it had the opposite effect in near-infrared range.

Study of radiation shielding and luminescence properties of 1.5 µm emission from Er3+ doped zinc yttrium borate glasses

Every year, a new material composition composed of various oxides glasses emerges, and researchers investigate fascinating properties because of which they contribute more scientific evidence to tailor their properties to enhance its technological importance in solid-state device applications. In purview of such contribution the present work provide a new material composed of (50-x)B2O3 + 45ZnO+ 5Y2O3 + xEr2O3 where (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0) glasses which were prepared with and without yttrium (x = 0.0, 0.1, 0.25, 0.5, 1.0) content. To determine their suitability, various physical, optical, and radiation shielding tests were performed on the synthesized glasses. In this perspective, we highlight some aspects of the prepared glasses, density of the glasses increases with increasing concentration of high ‘z′ oxides, interestingly non-bridging oxygen’s increases and bandgap decreases when erbium content introduced in the matrix. The oscillator strength was evaluated for the observed eight transitions for the present glasses and found to be within the limits as per the root mean square fitting. The Judd-Ofelt theory was used to estimate the Er3+ ions' spectral transition, and the trend (Ω6 > Ω2 > Ω4) for the current glasses indicates that the ligands and Er3+ ions have weak bonds with one another. The lifetime τexp of 4I13/2 transition shows an increase in its value from 112 μs to 238 μs for 0.5 mol% and 1.0 mol% Er2O3 concentration respectively. At 1.5 µm, the 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition-related photoemission band is notable because it is useful for IR laser applications. The optical gain co-efficient of the prepared glasses was investigated using the absorption gain cross-section, emission cross-section, and optical gain cross-section. The near-infrared absorption and emission reveal their role in IR device applications. Radiation shielding properties like the mass attenuation coefficient ((µm), effective electron density (Neff), and effective atomic numbers (Zeff) are critical system of measurements for evaluating transparent material shielding performance.

Blue light-emitting diode of Er3+-doped borate glass for optoelectronics devices

Abstract A blue emitter of Er3+ ions doped a host glass of a chemical composition 30B2O3–30Bi2O3–20Li2O–10BaO–10PbO was fabricated to be used in optoelectronics devices. Four proposed concentrations of Er2O3, which are 0.5, 1, 2, and 4 mol%, were suggested to study the impact of Er3+ ions on the structural, thermal, and photoluminescence properties of the considered host glass, respectively. The phase checking of the produced glasses using X-ray diffraction patterns showed the amorphicity phase formation. Impact of Er3+ ions on the structural properties of the considered host glass network was extensively studied through the occurred variations in XRD patterns, density and density-based parameters, and FTIR spectra. Thermally, the considered glasses have high thermal stability and high glass formability. Optically, the optical band gap, which ranged between 2.18 and 2.56 eV, signifies that the considered glasses have a semiconducting nature. Under 540 nm excitation wavelength, three bands were emitted in the blue region at 450, 462, and 486 nm and two in the violet region at 412 and 427 nm. Chromaticity analysis through CIE 1931 chromaticity diagram showed a strong blue light emission from the produced glasses. The blue light color purity of the considered glasses ranged between 90.887 and 92.324 %. Hence, the considered glasses have suitable characteristics that make them a good choice as blue light-emitting diodes in the optoelectronics devices.

A critical evaluation of structural, optical, and gamma-ray attenuation properties of novel erbium (III) oxide-reinforced borosilicate barium glass system

A borosilicate barium glass series doped by erbium (III) oxide was fabricated using the conventional melt quenching technique with a melting temperature of 1100 °C and an annealing temperature of 400 °C. The x-ray diffraction pattern confirms that the glass samples are amorphous and have no long-range atomic arrangement. The densities of the borosilicate barium enhanced from 2.9749 g cm−3 to 3.0126 g cm−3 with an increasing Er2O3 substitution ratio. The UV–vis spectrum measurement showed an enhancement in the refractive index of the samples from 2.311 to 2.336. The γ-ray shielding properties of the fabricated glasses were estimated between 0.059 and 1.332 MeV. The obtained results showed an enhancement in the linear attenuation coefficient with increasing the Er2O3 substitution ratio to the borosilicate barium glass at low γ-photon energies while no considerable enhancement was achieved in the high and intermediate γ-photon energies. At γ-photon energy of 0.059 MeV, the linear attenuation coefficient was enhanced by a factor of ≈38%, while this ratio dropped to less than 10% for high and intermediate γ-photon energy. The mentioned results showed that the low concentrations of Er2O3 possess a significant enhancement in optical properties and low γ- ray shielding.

New Hybrid PVC/PVP Polymer Blend Modified with Er2O3 Nanoparticles for Optoelectronic Applications.

Polymer blend hybrid nanocomposites are of great importance for future optoelectronic applications. This paper presents the preparation of new polymer blend hybrid nanocomposites based on PVC/PVP modified with Er2O3 nanoparticles. A low-cost solution casting method has been used to prepare the polymer nanocomposites at 0.0, 0.1, 0.3 and 0.6 wt% of Er2O3. X-ray diffraction (XRD), Fourier transform infrared (FTIR), Raman spectroscopy, and environmental scanning electron microscopy (ESEM) measurements have all been used to examine the impact of a varying wt% of Er2O3 on the structural and optical characteristics of PVP/PVC polymer blends. The PVC/PVP polymer blend and Er2O3 nanoparticles showed a strong interaction, which was validated by XRD, FTIR, and Raman spectrum investigations. The SEM micrographs showed a remarkable complexation among the components of the polymer nanocomposites. The activation energies for thermal decomposition of PVC/PVP doped with different Er2O3 concentrations were less than that of the pure polymer film. The linear and nonlinear refractive indexes, dispersion energy, optical susceptibility and the energy gap values were found to be Er2O3 concentration-dependent. With an increase in Er2O3 concentration to 0.1 and 0.3 wt%, the dispersion energy and nonlinear refractive index improved, and thereafter decreased when the concentration was further increased to 0.6For the film doped with 0.1 wt% Er2O3, the optical band gap (Eopt) of the composite film enhanced by about 13%. The optical absorption measurements revealed clear improvements with the addition of erbium oxide. Higher refractive index values of PVC/PVP/Er2O3 films qualify the polymer blend as a cladding for electro-optic modulators. Our results indicated that the PVC/PVP/Er2O3 polymer films could be suitable for optoelectronic space applications.

Effect of Erbium Oxide on Luminescence and Spectroscopy Properties of a Zinc Barium Boro‐Tellurite Glass System for Photonic Applications

This research investigates the luminescence and spectroscopy properties of boro‐tellurite glass doped with Er3+ ions. The series of glass is (30−x)TeO2–30B2O3–10ZnO–30BaO–xEr2O3 where x = 0.00, 0.05, 0.10, 0.50, 1.00, and 1.50 mol%. The glass is synthesized by melt‐quenching technique. The physical properties such as density and molar volume are evaluated. The concentration quenching effect is observed at 1.00 mol% of Er2O3 concentration. The molar volume and density of the present glasses show an opposite trend with increasing Er2O3 concentration suggesting more structural degradation due to non‐bridging oxygen. The strongest intensity of absorption spectra occurs at 525 nm. The emission spectra shows an emission peak at 1.54 μm of 4I13/2 → 4I15/2 transition when monitored at 525 nm. Judd–Ofelt (J–O) analysis is employed to calculate the oscillator strength, stimulated emission cross‐section, branching ratios, and a radiative lifetime of the prepared glass samples. McCumber theory is employed to understand the gain coefficients of the glasses. The data obtained reveal that these glasses doped Er3+ ion suits to be a potential candidate for C‐band optical communication devices.

Experimental and Theoretical Investigations of the Thermal Conductivity of Erbium Oxide/Ethylene Glycol Nanofluids for Thermal Energy Applications

AbstractThe thermal conductivity of Er2O3/ethylene glycol (EG) nanofluids was investigated at different concentrations of Er2O3 nanoparticles in the temperature range of 20–50 °C. The findings showed that the volume fraction of Er2O3 nanoparticles and temperature affect the thermal conductivity. The thermal conductivity increases with increasing Er2O3 concentration and temperature, and the Er2O3/EG nanofluid showed higher thermal conductivity than the base fluid. Precise correlations are proposed to forecast the thermal conductivity of the Er2O3/EG nanofluid relative to the base fluid. These results are promising for using Er2O3/EG nanofluid in solar thermal applications.

Enhanced near-infrared femtosecond nonlinear optical properties in zinc borate glasses activated with Er2O3

Several advanced materials have been investigated for nonlinear optical device applications. However, oxide glasses are competing materials in contrast to those advanced materials due to ease of preparation in three dimensions with diverse shapes along with flexibility in choosing the composition which is essential to tune the nonlinear optical features for specific applications. Doping rare-earth ions is one of the methods used to tune the nonlinear optical features of glass specimens, and it has been explored extensively in recent years. Using femtosecond laser pulses, the effect of Er2O3 concentration on nonlinear optical characteristics such as nonlinear absorption, nonlinear refraction, and optical limiting qualities was investigated using the Z-scan approach. The dual photon absorption and self‒focusing refraction nonlinear magnitudes are improved as the function of Er2O3 content owing to the formation of non‒bridging oxygens and enhancement in polarizability of glasses while the optical limiting features were decreased. These nonlinear absorptions and optical limiting results endorse the high Er2O3 loaded glasses are beneficial for nonlinear photonic devices functioning in the near-infrared regions.

The Development of Er3+/ Yb3+ Co-Doped Li2O-Bi2O3-Al2O3-B2O3 Glass for Laser and Fiber Optics Applications

The lithium bismuth aluminum borate glasses doped with Er3+ ion (LiBiAlB:Er) were investigated for laser and optical amplifier applications by the Judd–Ofelt and MacCumber theory. The LiBiAlB:Er glass with optimum Er2O3 concentration, 1.0 mol%, then was selected to enhance the luminescence properties by co-doping with the Yb3+ ion. The Er3+/Yb3+ co-doped glasses (LiBiAlB:ErYb) were prepared and studied in the physical, optical, glass network, absorption, and luminescence properties. The glass density tends to increase with addition of Yb2O3 concentration. The FTIR spectra perform the main glass structure which composes of the trigonal BO3 and tetrahedral BO4 borate groups mixing with AlO6 complex. The improvement of absorption coefficient around 977 nm by doping with Yb3+ results in the enhancement of Er3+ emission intensity at 1536 nm wavelength (4I13/2 → 4I15/2). The Yb3+→ Er3+ energy transfer is a significant factor of luminescence development in LiBiAlB:ErYb glass. The MacCumber analysis confirms the high potential for using LiBiAlB:ErYb glass, with Er2O3 1.0 mol% and Yb2O3 2.0 mol%, as an infrared laser medium and a fiber optics amplifier.

Judd-Ofelt and McCumber Studies of Er3+ Ions Doped in Lanthanum Borate Glass for Visible and NIR Lighting Application

The lanthanum borate glasses doped with Er3+ were prepared by the melt-quenching technique to study the physical and luminescence properties. The glass composition in this study is 27.5La2O3-(72.5-x)B2O3-xEr2O3, where x = 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6 and 7 mol%. The results showed that the doping of Er2O3 ions with more concentration increased glass density, molar volume, and refractive index. Absorbed photons with 388 nm can excite the glass samples to release the strongest emission at 530 nm wavelength. The suitable concentration of adding Er3+ ions into La2O3-B2O3 glass showed strongest light emission at 5 mol% concentration of Er2O3. NIR luminescence spectra was studied under 978 nm excitation wavelength of Er3+ doped La2O3-B2O3 glass. NIR emission peak was centered at 1544 nm. The Judd-Ofelt (JO) Ωλ (λ = 2, 4, and 6) parameters were calculated to explore the nature of environment surrounding the Er3+ ions. Absorption and stimulated emission cross-sections have been evaluated by applying Mc Cumber theory, the resulting value is 8.25 × 10−21 cm2. This research is beneficial for use as a NIR laser media in solid state emitting wavelength at 1544 nm. The optical gain G(λ) properties have been derived from the σabs and σemi values that the gain is positive for 40% population inversion in the 1400-1700 nm wavelength range.

Energy transfer and broad-band luminescence of Nd3+-Er3+ co-doped Lithium Fluorophosphate (LFP) glasses

Nd3+-Er3+co-doped lithium fluorophosphate (NdEr) glasses with broad-band emission were made by the traditional melt quenching technique. These glasses were characterized through physical, absorption spectra, NIR luminescence properties and structural studies using XANES. The absorption spectra of this work showed an increase with the increasing concentration of Er2O3 in the glass. The Near-Infrared (NIR) luminescence spectra were obtained from several excitation sources. The energy level diagram studied the interraction process and energy transfer mechanism. The emission intensity of Er2O3 increases up to 1.5 mol%, the concentration quenching effect makes the emission 4F3/2 → 4I9/2, 4I11/2 and 4I13/2 Nd3+ intensity weaken, which means Nd3+→Er3+ energy transfer enhanced. The Judd-Ofelt (JO) theory investigations have been applied for Nd3+ ions and found that the trend follows Ω6>Ω4>Ω2. The stimulated emission cross-section is calculated in two ways: F u¨ chtbaueer Ladenburg (FL) method and Mc-Cumber theory. The decay time is found to be bi-exponential when monitored at λex = 581 nm and λem = 1061 nm. The XANES spectra of Nd LIII-edge were investigated and the absorption band showed at ∼6209.8 eV, confirming the presence of Nd3+. The XANES spectra of Er LIII-edge were investigated and the absorption band showed at ∼8362.5 eV, confirming the presence of Er3+.